DE3002701A1 - CHARGING SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a charging system for an internal combustion engine according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for regulating the charging process according to features of the preamble of claim

The progressive increase in performance in internal combustion engines, in particular compression-ignition internal combustion engines, through higher charging requires measures that are suitable for their load behavior in the individual To improve load ranges, especially in the partial load range. The fuel consumption is particularly important and to reduce pollutant emissions as well as the acceleration and torque behavior of the internal combustion engine to improve. This requires a special adaptation of the charging system to the desired operating behavior the internal combustion engine. Known measures for this purpose include throttling on the compressor side the charge air, the turbine-side or compressor-side blowing off exhaust gases or charge air or the adjustment a diffuser in the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger in the supercharging system.

An optimal implementation of these measures has so far failed due to the unavailability of suitable, more cost-effective ones Control and regulation devices. Known control and regulation devices were previously completely separate from each other and were mostly only in two

between positions, operable.

It is therefore the object of the invention to add a charging process control to a charging system of the type mentioned at the beginning arrange that is able to take into account the

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BATH ORIGINAL

From the point of view of extensive engine operation optimization, multi-circuit control interventions on adjustable mechanisms of the charging system in a coordinated manner.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a charging system according to the features of claim 1 and a method for regulating the charging process according to the features of claim 20 solved. Advantageous further developments of this solution are identified in the subclaims.

By using an electronic computer built into the charging system according to the invention, it is possible to use the entire Controlling and monitoring the charging process in a precisely coordinated manner. In addition, it is possible through the Electronic computers also monitor highly stressed parts of the charging system and monitor impermissible deviations the same to display. By using an electronic computer it is possible to perform the following control functions execute, namely an adaptation of the charging process to the prevailing or required Engine operating states by adjusting the turbine nozzle, by blowing off in front of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, by throttling in front of the compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger, by means of forward control, by blowing off after the compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger and by regulating the charge air cooling. In addition, the computer-based control enables start-up processes improve in the charging system, namely by controlling a charger auxiliary drive or by controlling a front fan with gate valve. When monitoring the highly stressed charging system components on the computer side are these in terms of temperature, vibration,

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Checked for wear and the like »Be in operation according to the invention in the charging system's own electronic Computer a large number of different, continuously determined by appropriate monitoring elements Operating, combustion process and charging process parameters fed in and there based on programmed data, in particular processed according to programmed one-dimensional and multi-dimensional operating maps with the result that mutually precisely coordinated commands are output to connected regulation and control elements, due to the mechanisms influencing the operating factors of the charging process, they are mutually exact be brought into such operating states in a coordinated manner, in which all parameters of the charging process all different load conditions of the internal combustion engine and the associated operating factors are optimally adapted.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment

a charging system for an internal combustion engine,

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment

a charging system for an internal combustion engine.

Components of both exemplary embodiments which are identical to one another are given the same reference symbols in the drawing Mistake"

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In the drawing, an internal combustion engine, here a three-cylinder compression-ignition internal combustion engine, is included and an exhaust gas turbocharger, here a single-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, denoted by 2. Although in the Drawing only shows a single-stage exhaust gas turbocharger, the invention is not based on this type of construction limited, but can also be used at any time with multi-stage exhaust gas turbochargers.

The cylinders of the internal combustion engine labeled 3, 4 and 5 1 are connected via feed lines 6, 7 and 8 to a charge air line 9 and via exhaust lines 10, 11 and 12 an exhaust manifold 13 is connected. The charge air line 9 is at the outlet of a compressor 14 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2, the exhaust manifold 13 on the other hand whose turbine 15 is connected. The wheels, not shown, of the compressor 14 and the turbine 15 are over a shaft 16 rigidly connected to one another, which is rotatable is stored in bearings 17 and 18, respectively. These bearings are lubricated and, as indicated by arrows, are connected to a lubricating oil supply connected. At the charge air inlet of the compressor 14 is a charge air intake duct 19 with a silencer 20 connected. The compressor 14 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2 is also preceded by an auxiliary supercharger fan 21, its blower outlet to the charge air intake duct 19 is coupled. In the latter, immediately before the compressor 14 enters, there is a swirl regulator throttle valve 22 arranged, which is connected to a servomotor, adjustable by this and for throttling the intake charge air as well as for pre-swirl control. In the charge air intake channel 19 is also a Gate valve 24 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable, which is used to shut off when the auxiliary loader fan 21 is in operation

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from the muffler 20 into the charge air intake duct 19 discharging charge air path is used, coupled to a servomotor and adjustable by this.

As an alternative to the auxiliary supercharger fan 21, an auxiliary supercharger drive can be connected directly to the shaft 16 of the exhaust gas turbocharger be provided that can be coupled, variable-speed electric motor, through which, if necessary, the exhaust gas turbocharger 2 can provide sufficient Promotion of charge air can be driven in particular in the lower load range of the internal combustion engine 1. Another servomotor 26 is assigned to a motor-adjustable blow-off valve 27, which is located in the charge air line 9 between the outlet of the compressor 14 and a charge air cooler 28 is arranged ο the charge air cooler 28 is flowed through by coolant that is inside a coolant line system 29 circulates. In this Coolant line system 29 is a coolant quantity flow control element upstream of the charge air cooler 28 in the direction of flow 30 switched on, which is coupled to a servomotor 31, adjustable by this and for variation the amount of coolant flowing through the charge air cooler 28 is used. Another servomotor 32 is used for einzw. Adjustment of an adjustable diffuser 33 arranged in the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2, which in turn, as is known per se, among other things, the flow conditions of the exhaust gas supplied to the turbine 15. In the exhaust manifold 13 is also before the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger switched on a further blow-off valve 34, which is also connected to a servomotor 35 is coupled and adjustable by this. Another electric motor, namely a variable speed one Drive motor 36, finally, is used as a drive device

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provided for the auxiliary charger fan 21 and coupled to this.

The auxiliary supercharger fan 21, the swirl regulator throttle valve 22, the gate valve 24, the two relief valves and 34, the coolant quantity flow control element 30 and the adjustable diffuser 33 represent mechanisms that can be actuated by control commands in certain functional positions and thereby the operating factors of a charging process for the different load conditions Influencing engine adapted. The servo or drive motors 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 and 36 represent control elements that convert electrical control commands into corresponding mechanical setting or adjustment movements of the connected mechanisms.

According to the invention is for the precisely coordinated control of all of these adjustable mechanisms mentioned above of the charging system an electronic computer 37 common to all of them is provided. This computer comprises a microprocessor 38 with memory units, an input unit 39 for entering parameters into the Storage units, an input and output unit 40 for dialog traffic with a control center (not shown) the internal combustion engine, and also reporting and query stations 41 and 42. The input unit 39 is with the Microprocessor 38 connected via a data input channel 43, while the input and output unit 40 with the Microprocessor 38 is connected via an input channel 44 and an output channel 45 each. The reporting resp. Interrogation stations 41 and 42 are each via a clock channel 46 or 47 and an interrogation channel 48 or

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connected to the microprocessor 38 »The latter has a number of command outputs that are labeled 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56 are designated. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each of these is command outputs 50 to 56 of the microprocessor 38 via a respectively connected control channel with a first input an electric or electronic command control circuit 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 and 63 connected by each of which is connected upstream of one of the actuating or drive motors 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 and 36 and as a follow-up control circuit is trained. In addition, each of the actuating or drive motors 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 and 36 a monitoring element 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69 and 70 arranged downstream, which is used to monitor the complete Execution of a control command specified by the computer is used and via a feedback line to a second input of the respective drive or servomotor associated command control circuit is connected. Each of these monitoring elements 64 to 70 reports the adjusting movements of their associated, by a control command via the associated command control circuit activated drive agent Servomotor via the feedback line to the associated command control circuit, in which the reported control signal with the computer side predetermined command signal is compared until coincidence thereof is reached. Is there such a thing Coincidence is then given by the respective command control circuit 57 to 63 to the associated servomotor or drive motor issue a stop command so that it is in its currently assumed operating position remains and thus also the mechanism 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 32 and 33 in

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a certain functional position, which he due to the previous motorized adjustment or adjustment remains.

An alternative to this solution described above, in which the command execution is issued by the computer Control commands is monitored by external command control circuits and monitoring elements is in Fig. 2 shown.

In this embodiment, each of the servo or drive motors 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 and 36 for each of the adjustable or adjustable mechanisms 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 34 a power amplifier circuit 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 and 77 are connected upstream, each of which via a control channel at one of the command outputs 50 to 56 of the microprocessor 38 is connected. Except one of these power amplifier circuits 71 to 77 are each of the drive or servomotors 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 and 36 a monitoring element 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 and 84 assigned, each of which has a feedback channel with an input of the reporting and interrogation station 42 connected is. Each of the monitoring elements 78 to 84 is used to monitor the complete execution of a control command given by the computer through which the connected drive or servomotor 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35 or 36 for setting or adjusting the downstream mechanism 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33 or 34 activated is, wherein each of the monitoring elements 78 to 84 continuously the adjustment and adjustment movements of the associated drive or servomotor in the signaling and Interrogation station 42 reports, from which the digitized values of these adjusting movements from the microprocessor 38

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are continuously queried; If there is coincidence between the feedback control signal and the command signal output by the microprocessor 38, the activated drive or control motor is stopped in its operating position, with the result that the mechanism 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33 or 34 remains locked in its new functional position.

The electronic computer 37 operates on the basis of what is programmed into the microprocessor 38 and its storage units Data, in particular according to programmed one-dimensional and multi-dimensional operating maps. To all parameters of the charging process to the operating factors of the internal combustion engine 1 optimally adjust the same in all different load conditions and for this purpose the adjustable or adjustable Mechanisms 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 34 of the charging system are mutually precisely matched to one another To be able to bring them into corresponding functional positions, there are a multitude of the most varied Set the charging system and the internal combustion engine arranged monitoring elements continuously operating, combustion process and charging process parameters fed into the electronic computer and from there on the basis of the operating characteristic fields programmed into it processed. The arrangement of the monitoring elements explained in more detail below is the same in both Design variants are the same, so that in both figures the same reference numerals are used for this. For the delivery of combustion process parameters are at least the following monitoring elements are provided, namely

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- A sensor 85 in the exhaust manifold 13 for measuring the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2,

- A sensor 86 in the exhaust manifold 13 for measuring the exhaust pressure upstream of the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2,

- A lambda probe 87 for measuring the composition of the exhaust gas of the exhaust gas in the exhaust line 88 after the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2.

To deliver engine operating parameters, there is at least one monitoring device showing the engine speed 89 provided.

The following monitoring elements are provided for the delivery of loading process parameters, namely

- A sensor 90 for determining the charge air pressure in the charge air line 9 between the outlet of the compressor 14 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2 and the relief valve 27 located in front of the charge air cooler 28,

- A sensor 91 for determining the charge air pressure in the charge air line 9 after the charge air cooler 28,

- A sensor 92 for determining the charge air temperature in the charge air line 9 after the charge air cooler 28.

In addition, the electronic computer also monitors the turbocharger operation in the With regard to its flawless operating condition or any malfunctions. These are for delivery of operating data on the exhaust gas turbocharger, the following monitoring elements are provided, namely

- A sensor 93 for determining the turbocharger speed with the purpose of prolonged operation of the exhaust gas

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turbocharger in critical speed ranges, for example areas with strong vibration excitation of the Avoid turbine or compressor blades, while moving out of these critical speed ranges computer-controlled by program,

- Several sensors 94 and 95 for determining the lubricating oil temperature in the bearings 17 or = 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2,

- Several sensors 96 and 97 for determining the lubricating oil pressure in the bearings 17 or »18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2,

- Several sensors 98, 99, 100 and 101 for detection impermissible deviations from normal conditions of certain exhaust gas turbocharger components, for example to determine caused by wear of the bearings 17 or 18 or the detection of imbalances in the turbocharger wheels due to contamination of the blades or mechanical damage to the blades.

The monitoring elements used to deliver combustion process parameters and engine operating parameters 85, 86, 87 and 89 are each connected via a reporting channel to the reporting and query station 41, from which the reported values can be called up and processed under program control by the microprocessor. the on the other hand, monitoring elements serving to deliver charging process parameters and operating parameters of the exhaust gas turbocharger are each provided via a reporting channel connected to an input of the reporting and query station 42, from which the reported data or values also can be accessed and processed under program control by the microprocessor 38. Instead of the two reporting and interrogation stations 41 and 42, a single central interrogation station can also be provided to which all

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the monitoring elements described above are switched on. In addition, the microprocessor can in the information network with other computers, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with those responsible for the control of the fuel injection Computer 102, are available and receive information therefrom or output to them.

By the program-side processing of the in the computer fed in operating, charging process and combustion process parameters by the microprocessor, it is possible Control and monitor the entire charging process in a precisely coordinated manner. Besides, it is with the help of the electronic Computers also allow the highly stressed parts of the charging system to be monitored and impermissible deviations the same, with the information about these monitors from the microprocessor via the Input and output unit 40 to the control station, not shown, and there to corresponding display elements or Instruments are forwarded. Due to the processing of the information supplied by the program from the microprocessor via its command outputs 50 to control commands to the connected control and regulating elements can be output through which the adjustable or adjustable mechanisms are influenced and within the Charging system for influencing the charging process the following Cause effects that are precisely adapted to the prevailing or required engine operating conditions are, namely

- the regulation of the charge air cooling by appropriate control of the coolant quantity flow control element 30,

- A blow-off of exhaust gas in front of the turbine 15 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 2 by appropriate control of the relief valve 34,

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- a throttling of the charge air with pre-swirl control in the Charge air duct 19 in front of the compressor 14 of the exhaust gas turbocharger by appropriate control of the swirl regulator throttle valve 22

- A control of the auxiliary loader drive by setting or adjusting the speed of the das Auxiliary loader fan 21 driving drive motor 36,

- A control of the gate valve 24 during operation of the auxiliary loader fan 21,

- A blow-off of charge air after the compressor 14 by corresponding control of the relief valve 27 and

- Influencing the flow conditions of the exhaust gas fed to the turbine 15 by adjusting the Diffuser 33.

The commands issued by the microprocessor for setting or adjusting these mechanisms are issued, are mutually precisely coordinated, so that these Mechanisms brought into such specific operating states in which all parameters of the charging process all, different load conditions of the Internal combustion engine and the associated operating factors are optimally adapted. It is thus in opposition to the previously separately applied, mostly semi-automatic individual control methods with the help of the electronic Computers are now able to actually optimize the entire charging process. The programs as well as the one-dimensional and multi-dimensional operating maps which are programmed into the memory of the electronic computer and serve as a working basis, are based on both scientific knowledge as well as the results of technical practical tests and also on the technical-constructive conditions

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the internal combustion engine connected to the charging system.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown is. Rather, for example, even without departing from the scope of the invention, there is the possibility of that either not all of the above-described mechanisms 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34 affecting the operating factors of a charging process, must be present in a charging system or one of the above Mechanisms can be added if necessary, which then also functionally from the electronic computer being controlled.

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L e r s e i t e

Claims (20)

Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg Aktiengesellschaft Stadtbachstrasse 1, 8900 Augsburg PB 3031/1442 01/23/80 Charging system for an internal combustion engine iy charging system for an internal combustion engine, in particular self-igniting internal combustion engine connected to an exhaust gas turbocharger via charge air and exhaust pipes is, with several, by commands from regulation and control elements in certain functional positions actuatable mechanisms, through the operating factors of a charging process the different load conditions the internal combustion engine are adapted to be influenced, characterized, that the regulating or control elements (57 to 63, 71 to 77; 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) of said mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) of the charging system to a native electronic computer (37) are connected, the processing of a large number of fed into it, of monitoring elements (85 to 87, 89 to 101) supplied operating, combustion process and charging process parameters based on programmed into it automatically the rule or Control elements of the charging system to that effect 1 30031/02S BATH ORIGINAL affects that all parameters of the charging process in all different load conditions of the internal combustion engine (1) optimally adapted to the operating factors of the same and for this purpose the said mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) of the charging system mutually can be actuated in the corresponding functional positions, precisely coordinated with one another. 2. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic computer (37) has a microprocessor (38) with various storage units, input and output units (39, 40) as well as reporting and query stations (41, 42) and works according to programmed one-dimensional and multi-dimensional operating maps. 3. charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the by commands of the electronic computer (37) of the regulation and control elements (57 to 63, 71 to 77; 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) in certain Functional positions actuatable mechanisms consist of the following sub-mechanisms, namely - one in a turbine (15) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) arranged adjustable diffuser (33), - One in the to the turbine (15) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) leading exhaust manifold (13) arranged blow-off valve (34), - A swirl regulator throttle valve (22) in the charge air intake duct (19) upstream of the compressor (14) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) for charge air pre-swirl control, - a gate valve (24) in the charge air intake duct (19) to shut off the charge air path leading from the silencer (20) into the charge air intake duct (19), 130031/0297 - A relief valve (27) in the charge air line (9) between the outlet of the compressor (14) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) and a charge air cooler (28), - A coolant quantity flow control element (30) for Control of the coolant quantity flowing through the charge air cooler, - One of the charge air intake duct (19) in front of the compressor (14) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) can be activated Auxiliary loader fan (21). 4. charging system according to claim 3, characterized in that that each of the mentioned mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) is connected to an electric drive or Servomotor (23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) coupled and drivable by this for the on or «adjustment is. 5. charging system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each the drive or servomotor driving one of the mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) (23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) an electrical or electronic command control circuit as a control element (57 to 63) is connected upstream with a power amplifier (Fig. 1). 6. charging system according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the drive or servomotors driving one of said mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) (23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) upstream of a power amplifier circuit (71 to 77) as a control element is (Fig. 2). 130031/02S 7. Charging system according to claim 5 / characterized in that that each command control circuit (57 to 63) with a first input via a control channel with a command output (50 to 56) of the microprocessor (38) is connected (Fig. 1). 8. charging system according to claim 6, characterized in that that each power amplifier circuit (71 to 77) has a control channel with a command output (50 to 56) of the microprocessor (38) is connected (Fig. 2). 9. charging system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each the one mechanism (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) driving actuating or. Drive motors (23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) a monitoring element (64 to 70; 78 to 84) for monitoring the complete execution of a control command specified by the computer is subordinate. 10. Charging system according to claims 7 and 9, characterized characterized in that each monitoring element (64 to 70) via a feedback line to a second Input of the command control circuit belonging to the respective drive or servomotor (23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) (57 to 63) is connected, in which the feedback control signal with the computer side predetermined command signal is compared until coincidence is reached (Fig. 1). 11. Charging system according to claims 6, 8 and 9, characterized in that each monitoring element (78 to 84) via a feedback channel with one input 130031/0297 a reporting and query station (42) which forms part of the electronic computer (37) its microprocessor (38) is connected upstream and can be queried continuously by this (FIG. 2). 12. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that that the following monitoring elements are provided for the delivery of combustion process parameters, namely - A sensor (85) in the exhaust manifold (13) for Measurement of the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the turbine (15) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2), - A sensor (86) in the exhaust manifold (13) for Measurement of the exhaust gas pressure upstream of the turbine (15) of the exhaust gas turbocharger s (-2) and - A lambda probe (87) for measuring the exhaust gas composition of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe (88) after the turbine (15) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2). 13. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that that for the delivery of engine operating parameters at least one monitoring device indicating the engine speed (89) is provided. 14. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that that the following monitoring elements are provided for the delivery of loading process parameters, namely - A sensor (90) for determining the charge air pressure in the charge air line (9) between the outlet of the compressor (14) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) and the relief valve (27) located in front of the intercooler (28), - A sensor (91) for determining the charge air pressure in the charge air line (9) after the charge air cooler (28) and 130031/0297 - A sensor (92) for determining the charge air temperature in the charge air line (9) after the charge air cooler (28). 15. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that that the following monitoring elements are provided for the delivery of operating data of the exhaust gas turbocharger, namely - a sensor (93) for determining the turbocharger speed, - Several sensors (94, 95) for determining the lubricating oil temperature in the bearings (17, 18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2), - Several sensors (96, 97) for determining the lubricating oil pressure in the bearings (17, 18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger (2) and - Several sensors (98 to 101) for determining impermissible deviations from certain normal states Turbocharger components, for example to determine impermissible vibrations, bearing wear, unbalance, blade contamination or the like. 16. Charging system according to claims 12 to 15, characterized characterized in that each monitoring element (85 to 101) is connected to an input of a reporting and query station (41, 42) via a reporting channel, the part of the electronic computer (37) forming its microprocessor (38) upstream and can be continuously queried by this. 130031/0297 17. Charging system according to claim 16, characterized in that that the monitoring elements (85 to 101) at several different reporting and query stations (41, 42) or a single central query station are connected. 18. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the microprocessor (38) of the electronic Computers in the information network with other computers, for example with that computer (102) for the control of the fuel injection, stands and from accepts or outputs this information. 19. Charging system according to claim 1, characterized by its use for charging process control or multi-stage exhaust gas turbocharger. 20. Method for regulating the charging process at a Charging system for an internal combustion engine connected to an exhaust gas turbocharger via charge air and exhaust pipes, in particular self-igniting internal combustion engine, characterized in that in a charging system's own electronic computer (37) a variety of different, consecutively by corresponding Monitoring elements (85 to 101) determined operating, combustion process and charging process parameters fed in and processed there using programmed data with the result that mutually precisely coordinated commands to connected regulation and control elements (57 to 63, 71 to 77; 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 36) due to the operating factors of the charging process influencing mechanisms (21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 34) 130031/0297 be brought into such operating states in which all parameters of the charging process are all different Load conditions of the internal combustion engine (1) and the associated operating factors are optimally adapted are. 130031/0297