DE297719C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE297719C DE297719C DENDAT297719D DE297719DA DE297719C DE 297719 C DE297719 C DE 297719C DE NDAT297719 D DENDAT297719 D DE NDAT297719D DE 297719D A DE297719D A DE 297719DA DE 297719 C DE297719 C DE 297719C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glaze
- salts
- mass
- substances
- chalk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L MgCl2 Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010037844 Rash Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
Die Zugabe von Kreide und Dolomit zu keramischen, besonders zu Steingutmassen erfolgt in erster Linie zur Sicherung dieser Massen gegen Glasurrißbildung. Bekannt ist, daß Massenzusammensetzungen, die Glasurrißbildung zeigen, durch Zugabe von Kreide bei sonst gleicher Zusammensetzung und Feuerbehandlung frei von Glasurrissen zu erhalten sind. Untersuchungen haben dann ergeben,Chalk and dolomite are added to ceramic, especially earthenware, primarily to secure them Compounds against glaze cracking. It is known that bulk compositions, glaze cracking show, by adding chalk with otherwise the same composition and fire treatment, to obtain free of glaze cracks are. Investigations have then shown
iö daß solche mit Kreide versetzte Massen in ihrer Sicherheit gegen Glasurrißbildung durch geringe Erhöhung der Glasurbrandtemperatur zu steigern sind, während dies bei kreidelosen Massen nicht oder nur in geringem Maße der Fall ist, d. h. durch den Kreidezusatz wird die Masse in ihrer Reaktionsfähigkeit der Glasur gegenüber gesteigert.iö that such masses mixed with chalk in their security against glaze cracking through a slight increase in the glaze firing temperature are to be increased, while this is not, or only to a small extent, the case of chalkless masses Case is, d. H. by adding chalk the mass increased in its reactivity to the glaze.
Diesen Verbesserungen durch Kreidezusatz steht gegenüber die Verminderung der Festigkeit, die bei etwas höheren Zusätzen an Kreide in erheblichem Maße eintritt.These improvements through the addition of chalk are offset by the reduction in strength, which occurs to a considerable extent with slightly higher amounts of chalk.
Das neue Verfahren vermeidet diesen letzteren Übelstand, indem es in die Masse während der Aufbereitung solche Stoffe als lös- liehe Salze einführt, durch welche die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Masse mit der Glasur erhöht wird. In Anbeträcht des üblichen Zusatzes von Kreide kommen dafür Salze des Kalziums, aber auch diejenigen der anderen Erdalkälien und des Magnesiums besonders in Frage. Während des Trocknens der geformten Stücke wandert das Salz an die Oberfläche der letzteren und scheidet sich hier aus, also gerade da, wo es befähigt ist, späterhin mit der Glasur in Reaktion zu treten undThe new process avoids this latter drawback by including such substances as solute in the mass during processing. Introduces borrowed salts, through which the reactivity the mass with the glaze is increased. In view of the usual addition calcium salts come from chalk, but also those from others Alkaline earths and magnesium are particularly in question. While the molded Pieces, the salt migrates to the surface of the latter and is precipitated here, that is precisely where it is able to react later with the glaze and
" eine ausgleichende Zwischenschicht zu bilden, während dem Kern das Salz entzogen wird und er so seine Festigkeit voll behält."to form a balancing intermediate layer, while the salt is withdrawn from the core and so it retains its full strength.
Dabei bildet " sich diese Zwischenschicht selbsttätig aus der Masse heraus in allmählichem Übergang von Masse zu Glasur im Gegensatz zu dem Aufbringen von Schichten durch Engobe oder Aufpressen nach bekanntem Verfahren. . ·This "intermediate layer" forms in the process automatically out of the mass in a gradual transition from mass to glaze in In contrast to the application of layers by engobe or pressing on according to the known Procedure. . ·
Dieses Verfahren stellt sich also gewissermaßen als Umkehrung des bekannten Verfahrens der Zuschläge zur Vermeidung von Ausblühungen dar, abgesehen davon, daß es sich beim letzteren um unglasierte Erzeugnisse handelt. Durch dieses sollen lösliche Salze unlöslich gemacht und an der Wanderung zur Oberfläche verhindert werden, während nach dem. vorliegenden Verfahren gerade, lösliche Salze in solcher Menge eingeführt werden, daß Ausblühungen — wenn auch, weil unter Glasur, unsichtbar — entstehen.So, to a certain extent, this procedure arises as a reversal of the known method of supplements to avoid efflorescence, apart from the fact that it the latter are unglazed products. Through this, soluble Salts are made insoluble and prevented from migrating to the surface while after this. present processes, soluble salts are introduced in such an amount, that efflorescence - even if invisible because under glaze - occurs.
Die Menge des zur Anwendung gelangenden Salzes muß zunächst größer sein, als diejenige ist, die zur Umsetzung der in den Tonen etwa vorhandenen löslichen Salze, vor allem bei Überführung in unlösliche Form, dient. Da das Salz sich an den Oberflächen ansammelt, sind natürlich schon geringere Gehalte, etwa von ι bis 2 Prozent bezogen auf trockene Masse, von merkbarem Einfluß. Im übrigen aber hängt im einzelnen Fall die erforderliche Menge ab von der Verschiedenheit der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen Masse und Glasur, also von der Neigung der letzteren zur Glasurrißbildung, und ferner von der Dicke des Scherbens. Für die Wahl des Salzes, auch bezüglich der Säurekomponente, ist der Preis und die Löslichkeit in Wasser von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. In erster Linie werden von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus Kalzium- und Magnesiumchlorid in Frage kommen, für ge-The amount of salt used must first be greater than that is responsible for the implementation of any soluble salts present in the clays, especially in Conversion into insoluble form, serves. As the salt accumulates on the surfaces, are of course already lower contents, for example from ι to 2 percent based on dry Mass, of noticeable influence. Otherwise, however, depends on the individual case the required Amount depends on the difference in expansion coefficients between mass and Glaze, i.e. the tendency of the latter to crack the glaze, and also the thickness of the shard. For the choice of the salt, also with regard to the acid component, is the price and the solubility in water is of paramount importance. First and foremost, be from this point of view from calcium and magnesium chloride come into question, for
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE297719C true DE297719C (en) |
Family
ID=551994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT297719D Active DE297719C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE297719C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1093720B (en) * | 1959-07-24 | 1960-11-24 | Battelle Institut E V | Process for self-glazing ceramic objects |
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0
- DE DENDAT297719D patent/DE297719C/de active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1093720B (en) * | 1959-07-24 | 1960-11-24 | Battelle Institut E V | Process for self-glazing ceramic objects |
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