DE29718788U1 - Concrete block for quarry stone walls - Google Patents

Description

-3-

Dipl. - Ing. (FH) Reiner Roth, DE - 66564 Ottweiler

Description Concrete form stone for quarry stone walls

The invention relates to a concrete block for quarry stone walls in the form of a cuboid with at least one rough, exposed surface. Such concrete blocks are used essentially for the construction of vertical fortifications and free-standing enclosure walls.

Their job is to be easy to move and to give the wall a natural appearance. They should be able to create 90° corners and curves without requiring a variety of shapes. Furthermore, the stability of such walls should not be weakened.

There are concrete blocks that have a tongue and groove system on the top and bottom. These blocks are placed on top of each other dry. However, the interlocking of blocks on top of each other is problematic, as the tongue and groove system always has some play to ensure that they can be placed on top of each other easily. If you want to create curves with these blocks, the play between the tongues and grooves must be increased further. This leads to the blocks on top of each other becoming ineffectively interlocked. The system cannot withstand individual loads (earth pressure limited to a certain area or impacts).

Furthermore, the system requires a large number of special stones, some of which are not equipped with a tongue and groove system and have to be produced separately. The upper layer of a wall as well as the start, end and corner areas have to be fixed with concrete adhesive or mortar, which entails the risk that too much mortar will ooze out in the area of the joints.

The applicant has disclosed a concrete wall block which has teeth and depressions in the middle area of a vertical surface and a trough on a horizontal surface.

-4-

The end blocks and half blocks are produced by separating appropriately connected concrete blocks with waste pieces.

This system was not adopted by the industry because the standard stone can be easily produced on a floor finisher or a board machine, while the combination stone made from finishing stones, half stones and waste pieces has to be produced on a vibrating table, i.e. another machine, which is expensive because of the cross joints.

The different manufacturing techniques result in different levels of concrete compaction, which are reflected in the concrete color and fracture behavior, and thus give an unsightly overall appearance to a wall produced in this way.

Furthermore, when gluing or mortaring a wall, the support surface is only given to the extent that the mortar is distributed among the individual layers, i.e.:

The stability is weakened by a different mortar application.

Since the disadvantages of these systems were recognized, the company switched to producing ashlars with rough exposed surfaces, which are then bricked up with a classic mortar joint, as in exposed brickwork construction.

Creating exposed brickwork is a difficult task even for an experienced bricklayer, even with smooth stones. The level of difficulty is increased even further by the rough sides of the ashlar stones, which can only be achieved with additional time and thus at great expense.

Therefore, it is inconceivable that a layman could build such a wall.

The invention is based on the task of developing a concrete block that is easy to move and gives a wall a natural appearance. It should be able to create 90° corners and curves without requiring a large number of production forms. Furthermore, the stability of such a wall should not be weakened.

These tasks are solved with the concrete block described in the claims.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 the concrete block according to the invention in side view,

Fig. 2 and 3 enlarged representations of the side view of the lower area, Fig. 4 the view side of the concrete block,

Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the concrete block according to the invention,

Fig. 6 and 7 the detail of stacked concrete blocks in section,

Fig. 8 a perspective view of a beam of concrete blocks

and waste piece,

Fig. 9 a mould box arrangement for beams of concrete blocks with

waste pieces,

Fig. 10 to 16 Connection options for concrete blocks according to the invention in the view,

Fig. 17 the perspective view of a wall corner.

Fig. 1 shows the concrete block according to the invention in a side view. Two spacers (2) are molded onto the underside (1), parallel to its visible surfaces (3), but at a distance from them. A trapezoidal nose (5) is molded between the spacers (2), but at a distance from them. The nose (5) has a lower height (6) than the spacers (2).

The concrete block has either no or two guide rails (16) (shown in dashed lines) on the top (15), which, projected (dashed lines with arrow

shown) on the underside (1), the spacers grip from the inside. The guide rails (16) projected onto the underside (1) also have a distance from the molded nose (5).

The concrete block has two opposing, vertical, rough-faced visible surfaces (3). The upper edge (7) and the two vertical edges (8) of the side view are broken by a bevel (9).

Fig. 2 and 3 each show an enlarged side view of the lower area of the concrete block. The spacers (2) are shown as trapezoidal, but can also have a rectangular cross-section.

The molded noses (5) form a group, whereby the height of the noses (5) decreases steadily from approximately the middle of the underside (1) towards the spacers (2). The middle of the underside (1) is marked with a dash-dot-dash line. The highest nose has a lower height (6) than the spacers

In Fig. 2, the noses (5) are constructed as triangles and in Fig. 3 from regular circular segments. However, the noses (5) can also have trapezoids or other regular or irregular shapes.

In Fig. 4 the visible side of the concrete block with its rough surface is shown

(3). The lower spacers (2) essentially take up the entire visible length (4). They begin just slightly below the vertical edges (8) of the side view, broken by the bevel (9), and end at the opposite side view. The guide rails (16) of the top side (15) have the same length as the spacers (2).

The horizontal edges (12) of the visible surface (3) are only slightly broken. The vertical edges can also be broken, which will be described in more detail later.

Fig. 5 shows a bottom view of the concrete block according to the invention.

The lugs (5), which are shown here as a group of three lugs (5), also extend essentially over the entire visible length (4) and take up the length of the spacers (2) and guide rails (16).

Rg. 6 and 7 each show the detail of concrete blocks offset one above the other in cross-section.

Fig. 6 shows how a concrete block is placed on a lower concrete block without guide rails on the top.

A mortar pocket (shown in dashed lines) is placed in the middle of the concrete block without guide rails. When the concrete block above is moved, the mortar is squeezed in the direction of the spacers, but does not reach them. The spacers prevent too much mortar from oozing out. As the height of the lugs decreases in the direction of the spacers, the mortar can flow. There is no negative effect of the concrete block only sitting on a central mortar cushion that is too small and the spacers no longer having contact with the concrete blocks below. In this case, the width of the wall would simply be the irregular width of the mortar cushion, which would lead to a lower support function and therefore to lower heights that can be achieved.

It is clear that the support width of a wall according to Fig. 6 extends from the air side of one spacer to the air side of the other spacer, thus ensuring optimal support. The lugs grip the applied mortar like claws and thereby increase the force-fit connection from layer to layer.

It is also possible to bond the individual layers with thin-bed mortar or thin-bed adhesive instead of normal mortar. In this case, it is sensible to form the noses as wide trapezoids in order to achieve a force-fitting bond of the adhesive applied with the notched trowel. Here, too, the mortar leaking is prevented by the distance between the noses and the spacers and by the spacers.

From the outside, the recessed spacer looks like a clean horizontal shadow gap.

Fig. 7 shows how a concrete block is placed on a lower concrete block with guide rails on the top.

The guide rails on the top are offset from the spacers towards the middle of the block so that they grip the spacers from the inside. Since the guide rails only have minimal play with the spacers, they can be placed on top of one another without any problems and the necessary support for a wall is guaranteed. The guide rails on the top are also spaced from the lugs on the underside of the upper concrete block, so that gluing is also possible here if necessary.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a beam of concrete blocks and waste. The beam is produced so that the visible length (4) of the single concrete block is the height of the beam and the visible height (11) of the single concrete block is the width of the beam. The third vertical surface of the single concrete block with the bevel (9) on three edges is in the top view of the beam, which is stamped with the stamp. The vertical notches (13) on the long side parts of the beam mark the single blocks that are broken on site at the construction site. After the breaking process, the broken horizontal edges (12) of the rough-faced visible surfaces (3) of the single concrete block are visible.

It is also possible for the notches (13) to be continued on the top and bottom of the beam, whereby the notch on the top of the beam is stamped by the stamp and the notch on the bottom of the beam is made by means of a drawing plate.

In this case, the concrete block would have broken edges on the visible surface (3) after the fracture process.

The essentially vertical mold walls precisely define the beam and protrude slightly beyond the later beam height. The stamp that stamps the upper beam presses the beam out of the vertical walls of the mold so that the mold can be pulled upwards.

Since the mold walls protrude beyond the beam height, a beam with a greater height can now be produced. After this beam has hardened, it is placed on the side with the molded-on spacers (2) and noses (5) in the production facility and this essentially cuboid-shaped elevation (10) with the excess height (14) is split off using a breaking tool, so that the beam has a rough surface with the exact beam height.

The beams delivered to the construction site in this way, which are then broken down into individual stones and waste pieces on site, then have three vertical, rough-faced visible surfaces (3) and can be used in the beginning, end and corner areas of a wall.

It becomes clear that no additional mold is required to produce special stones for the start, end and corner areas of a wall.

Fig. 9 shows a mold box arrangement for beams with waste pieces. In a mold box for the production of beams from individual stones with waste pieces several such beams can be produced.

Now it is possible to choose different bar widths from bar to bar. Shown here are two bars with the normal width and four bars with half the width. As the bar width represents the later visible height of the individual stones, you get stones of different heights here.

It is also possible to produce beams in a mold box whose individual bricks are equipped with or without guide rails (16) on the top. This is irrelevant for stacking, as the guide rails (16) always engage between the spacers (2).

In one mold box, you get two formats of concrete blocks, each with and without guide rails (16) on the top, as well as the supplementary blocks that match these four block types with the three rough-faced visible surfaces, which are produced with an excess height.

If production is now carried out in a second mould box with the same arrangement, but with a different beam height, which represents the later length of the individual bricks,

-10-

It is possible to produce two stone lengths with different heights using just two mold boxes, as well as the matching stones for at least four of these stone formats, each with three rough vertical sides.

It is also possible to produce individual stones with and without guide rails (16) on the top side for all four formats, as well as for the supplementary stones with three rough-faced visible surfaces.

It is advantageous if the visible length of a concrete block is two thirds of the visible length of another concrete block and these two formats are supplemented with corresponding concrete blocks with half the visible height.

Since the ratio of the different stone formats is determined by production, it is advisable to develop bonding forms that take this ratio into account, so that no stone format appears too many or too few when building the wall.

Fig. 10 to 16 show possible ways of joining concrete blocks according to the invention in view.

In all these forms of bonding, the ratio of the individual stones to each other as determined by production is maintained.

Fig. 14 and 15 show how one or two concrete blocks with two-thirds of their length can be halved and integrated into the wall bond by splitting them again on site.

This makes it possible to create bonds with six different stone formats.

The structures in Fig. 10 to 15 show how height differences can be realized in the individual layers.

Fig. 16 shows a view of a wall that has no height differences in the layers.

All associations can be combined with each other.

It is clear that the most diverse forms of bonding can be realized with concrete blocks according to the invention.

In Fig. 17 a corner of a wall is shown in perspective.

Since the concrete block has two vertical, rough surfaces facing each other, a free-standing wall is possible. On a third vertical surface, its upper edge and the two vertical edges are broken by a bevel. This means that the horizontal shadow gaps are created between neighboring concrete blocks in the top view and the vertical shadow gaps in the elevation. The horizontal shadow gaps in the elevation of a wall are created by the spacers.

The concrete blocks, each of which has three vertical, rough surfaces, are used in the beginning, end and corner areas of a wall.

The concrete blocks without guide rails on the top are required in the corner area of a wall or as upper cover stones.

The upper layer of stones, as well as the beginning, end and corner areas of a wall can be easily glued or mortared, which gives the wall unrestricted stability.

In the normal construction, the concrete blocks can be placed on top of each other without mortar thanks to the guide rails.

Since there is only minimal play between the spacers and guide rails, the necessary hold is guaranteed.

With the concrete blocks without guide rails on the top, slightly curved walls can also be built, which have the necessary hold thanks to the adhesive.

It is clear that concrete blocks according to the invention are easy to move and give a wall a natural appearance. They can be used to create 90° corners and curves without requiring a large number of production forms. Furthermore, the stability of such walls is not weakened.

Claims (7)

-1- Dipl. - Ing. (FH) Reiner Roth, DE - 66564 Ottweiler Protection claims 1. Concrete molded block for quarry stone walls in the shape of a cuboid with at least one rough, quarry-like visible surface , characterized in that two spacers (2) are molded onto the underside (1), parallel to its visible surfaces (3), but at a distance therefrom, that the upper side (15) has no or two guide rails (16) which, projected onto the underside (1), grip the spacers (2) from the inside and that between the spacers (2), but at a distance from these and also at a distance from the guide rails (16) projected onto the underside (1), there are one or more regularly or irregularly molded noses (5) which do not reach the height (6) of the spacers (2). 2. Concrete molded block according to claim 1, characterized in that the molded-on noses (5) form a group, the height of the noses (5) decreasing steadily from approximately the middle of the underside (1) in the direction of the spacers (2). 3. Concrete block according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the concrete block has two opposing, vertical, rough-faced visible surfaces (3) and that on a third vertical surface the upper edge (7) and the two vertical edges (8) are broken by a bevel (9). 4. Concrete molded block according to claims 1, 2 or 3 , characterized in that spacers (2), guide rails (16) and noses (5) take up substantially the entire visible length (4), in such a way that they begin only slightly below the vertical edges (8) of the side view broken by the bevel (9) and end at the opposite side view. -2- 5. Concrete molded block according to one of claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the concrete molded block can be produced by separating several connected concrete molded blocks and waste pieces, whereby the rough-faced visible surfaces (3) are created. 6. Concrete molded block according to claim 5 , characterized in that lateral end blocks each with three vertical rough-faced visible surfaces (3) are produced by separating a substantially cuboid-shaped elevation (10) from several connected concrete molded blocks, whereby the third vertical rough-faced visible surfaces (3) are created. 7. Concrete molded block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the visible length (4) of one concrete molded block is two thirds of the visible length (4) of another and these two formats are supplemented with corresponding concrete molded blocks with half the visible height (11).