DE2952137B1 - Sensor for measuring heat conduction in gases - Google Patents
Sensor for measuring heat conduction in gasesInfo
- Publication number
- DE2952137B1 DE2952137B1 DE2952137A DE2952137A DE2952137B1 DE 2952137 B1 DE2952137 B1 DE 2952137B1 DE 2952137 A DE2952137 A DE 2952137A DE 2952137 A DE2952137 A DE 2952137A DE 2952137 B1 DE2952137 B1 DE 2952137B1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- measuring
- wire
- temperature
- thermal conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
- G01N27/18—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Description
Der Temperaturmeßdraht integriert über seine gesamte Länge die örtliche Gastemperatur und stellt mit seinem Widerstand ein Signal zur Verfügung, das nun unabhängig von Konvektionsstörungen ist, die parallel zu der durch die Meßdrahtschlaufe gehenden Ebene verlaufen. Konvektionsstörungen führen zu Verzerrungen der den Heizdraht umgebenden »Wärmewolke«. Zum Beispiel wird bei einem plötzlichen Stoß die Gastemperatur links vom Heizelement größer und dafür rechts vom Heizelement gleichartig geringer. The temperature measuring wire integrates the local one over its entire length Gas temperature and provides a signal with its resistance that now is independent of convection disturbances that are parallel to that caused by the measuring wire loop going level. Convection disturbances lead to distortion of the heating wire surrounding »heat cloud«. For example, when there is a sudden shock, the gas temperature becomes larger to the left of the heating element and similar to the right of the heating element less.
Da der Temperaturmeßdraht über beide Seiten integriert, kompensiert sich die Temperaturstörung.Since the temperature measuring wire is integrated on both sides, compensates the temperature disturbance.
Durch eine »spaltförmige« Abgrenzung des Raumes V also eine Form, bei der der Raum in der Richtung senkrecht zur Ebene der Meßdrahtschlaufe wesentlich kleiner als in den beiden andercn Richtungen ist, kann erreicht werden, daß Konvektionsströmungen nur weitgehend parallel zu den in A b b. 2 gezeigten Spaltwänden 8 und 10 erfolgen können und somit die beschreibende Kompensation voll wirksam wird. Für evtL Strömungen senkrecht zur Spaltbegrenzung würde die Kompensation nicht mehr voll wirken. Die Spalthöhe h liegt günstigerweise zwischen 0,3 und 0,6 mm. Through a »gap-like« demarcation of space V, a form in which the space in the direction perpendicular to the level of the measuring wire loop is essential is smaller than in the other two directions, convection currents can be achieved only largely parallel to those in A b b. 2 gap walls 8 and 10 shown and thus the descriptive compensation is fully effective. For any currents The compensation would no longer have a full effect perpendicular to the gap delimitation. the The gap height h is advantageously between 0.3 and 0.6 mm.
Um eine von Gasströmungen unbeeinflußte Temperaturmessung im Gas durchführen zu können, muß der Temperaturmeßdraht örtlich gleiche Temperatur wie das umgebende Gas haben. Eine Übertemperatur des Temperaturmeßdrahtes würde sofort einen strömungsabhängigen Einfluß auf die Temperaturmessung erzeugen, da die Übertemperatur naturgemäß vom Wärmeübergangswiderstand abhängt. Eine Temperaturmessung ohne Übertemperatur bedeutet bei der in der Gasanalyse üblichen Kleinheit der Fühlergebilde eine sehr geringe Meßleistung. A temperature measurement in the gas that is not influenced by gas flows To be able to perform, the temperature measuring wire must be locally the same temperature as have the surrounding gas. An overtemperature of the temperature measuring wire would immediately generate a flow-dependent influence on the temperature measurement, since the overtemperature naturally depends on the heat transfer resistance. A temperature measurement without overtemperature means a very small size of the sensor structure, which is usual in gas analysis low measuring performance.
Um bei der geringen Meßleistung eine ausreichende Stabilität aer Anlage zu erreichen, ist eine Umsetzung der z. B. temperaturabhängigen Widerstandsmessung des Temperaturfühlers in eine Wechselspannung unbedingt erforderlich, um das Meßsignal von ständig im Meßkreis gegenwärtigen Thermospannungen zu trennen. In order to have sufficient stability at the low measuring power To achieve plant is an implementation of z. B. temperature-dependent resistance measurement of the temperature sensor in an alternating voltage is absolutely necessary to the measuring signal to separate from thermal voltages that are constantly present in the measuring circuit.
A b b. 3 zeigt ein ausgeführtes Beispiel einer Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmeßzelle. Der Aufbau der Meßzelle ist in »Sandwich«-Weise durchgeführt. Eine Bodenplatte 8 aus Keramik bildet den unteren Abschluß. Der spaltförmige Raum V(nicht besonders gekennzeichnet) wird von dem keramischen Formenteil 9 gebildet. Eine Deckplatte 10 vervollständigt das Meßgehäuse. Über die Öffnung 11 der Deckplatte 10, eine dieser Öffnung entsprechende Aussparung (13) im Formteil q und einen diese Aussparung mit dem Raum Vverbindenden Kanal (14) steht der Raum V mit der äußeren Umgebung der Meßzelle in Verbindung. Die Spalthöhe hdes Raumes V beträgt ca. 0,5 mm, die Breite b ca. 0,6 mm. Die Tiefe t beträgt im ausgeführten Beispiel ca. 1.5 mm. Das Formteil weist weiterhin den mit dem Raum V in Verbindung stehenden Raum 7 auf, der zur Handhabung der Kontaktierungen der Zuleltungen mit dem Heiz-und Meßdraht benötigt wird und günstig so klein wie möglich ausgeführt werden soll, um unnütze Gashohlräume zu vermeiden. Die Teile 8 bis 10 sind mit Gaslot bei Temperaturen über 500° C verschmolzen. A b b. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermal conductivity measuring cell. The construction of the measuring cell is carried out in a "sandwich" manner. A base plate 8 made of ceramic forms the lower end. The gap-shaped space V (not particularly marked) is formed by the ceramic mold part 9. A cover plate 10 completes the measuring housing. Via the opening 11 of the cover plate 10, one of these Opening corresponding recess (13) in the molded part q and one with this recess the space V-connecting channel (14) is the space V with the external environment of the Measuring cell in connection. The gap height h of the space V is approx. 0.5 mm, the width b approx. 0.6 mm. In the example shown, the depth t is approx. 1.5 mm. The molding furthermore has the space 7 which is in communication with the space V and is used for handling the contacting of the supply lines with the heating and measuring wire is required and should be made as small as possible to avoid useless gas cavities avoid. Parts 8 to 10 are fused with gas solder at temperatures above 500 ° C.
In dem Raum Vwird als Heizelement ein Heizdraht 1 schlaufenförmig zwischen 2 Elektroden 3 und 4 gehalten. Der Durchmesser des Heizdrahtes beträgt z. B. 10 Zm. Parallel zu Heizdraht 1 wird zwischen den Anschlüssen 5 und 6 der Temperaturmeßdraht 2 angeordnet. In the space V, a heating wire 1 is looped as a heating element held between 2 electrodes 3 and 4. The diameter of the heating wire is z. B. 10 cm. In parallel with heating wire 1, the temperature measuring wire is inserted between connections 5 and 6 2 arranged.
Der Durchmesser des Temperaturmeßdrahtes im ausgeführten Beispiel beträgt ca. 10 leim. Der Abstand des Temperaturmeßdrahtes vom Heizdraht beträgt auf der ganzen Drahtlänge ca. 0,1 mm. Die Elektroden 3 bis 6 werden in nicht dargestellten Schlitzen zwischen der Bodenplatte 8 und dem Formteil 9 eingeschmolzen unter Verwendung eines Gaslotes. The diameter of the temperature measuring wire in the example is about 10 glue. The distance between the temperature measuring wire and the heating wire is 0.1 mm over the entire length of the wire. The electrodes 3 to 6 are not shown in FIG Slits between the base plate 8 and the molded part 9 melted using a gas solder.
Die Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit selbst erfolgt durch Widerstandsmessung in an sich bekannter Weise. The measurement of the thermal conductivity itself is carried out by measuring the resistance in a manner known per se.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Messung über 2 unabhängige Meßsysteme, wobei die beiden Meßdrähte die zwei Zweige einer Brückenschaltung bilder und die Brücke mit Rechteckwechselspannung gespeist wird.The measurement is preferably carried out using 2 independent measuring systems, with the two measuring wires represent the two branches of a bridge circuit and the bridge is fed with square wave alternating voltage.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2952137A DE2952137C2 (en) | 1979-12-22 | 1979-12-22 | Sensor for measuring the heat conduction in gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2952137A DE2952137C2 (en) | 1979-12-22 | 1979-12-22 | Sensor for measuring the heat conduction in gases |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2952137B1 true DE2952137B1 (en) | 1981-05-07 |
DE2952137C2 DE2952137C2 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
Family
ID=6089523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2952137A Expired DE2952137C2 (en) | 1979-12-22 | 1979-12-22 | Sensor for measuring the heat conduction in gases |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2952137C2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2576688A1 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1986-08-01 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GAS |
FR2592167A1 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-06-26 | Public Tech Batime Ets | PROBE FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. |
EP0285833A3 (en) * | 1987-04-04 | 1990-01-31 | Hartmann & Braun Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining the concentrations of gases in a gaseous mixture, and probe for measuring the thermal conductivity |
WO1997043628A3 (en) * | 1996-05-11 | 1998-06-11 | Ryszard Maczan | Sensor for determining the thermal conductivity and/or temperature of liquid, gaseous or viscous substances and process for driving the sensor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3837951C3 (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1995-06-14 | Winter Gaswarnanlagen Gmbh U | Device for measuring the concentration of an undesired gas in air |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL83787C (en) * | 1951-03-08 | |||
DE1938040A1 (en) * | 1969-07-26 | 1971-02-11 | Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co | Thermal conductivity detector |
US3704984A (en) * | 1971-05-17 | 1972-12-05 | Triangle Environmental Corp | Chamber and filament structure and method for flow through thermal conductivity micro size measuring chambers |
-
1979
- 1979-12-22 DE DE2952137A patent/DE2952137C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2576688A1 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1986-08-01 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF GAS |
FR2592167A1 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-06-26 | Public Tech Batime Ets | PROBE FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. |
EP0227552A3 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1989-12-06 | Centre Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment | Probe for measuring thermal properties of materials |
EP0285833A3 (en) * | 1987-04-04 | 1990-01-31 | Hartmann & Braun Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining the concentrations of gases in a gaseous mixture, and probe for measuring the thermal conductivity |
WO1997043628A3 (en) * | 1996-05-11 | 1998-06-11 | Ryszard Maczan | Sensor for determining the thermal conductivity and/or temperature of liquid, gaseous or viscous substances and process for driving the sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2952137C2 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
B1 | Publication of the examined application without previous publication of unexamined application | ||
C2 | Grant after previous publication (2nd publication) |