DE2931193C2 - Device for eliminating rotor imbalances in turbomachines, in particular gas turbine engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The separation of the structural graphite from the nuclear fuel of the fuel elements of gas-cooled high-temperature reactors takes place according to the invention by treating the fuel elements in oxygen-containing gas at temperatures below 600 ° C until the carbon or graphite structure is loosened to form a mechanically separable substance, preferably during the treatment by simultaneously acting mechanical forces for a continuous removal of the most severely attacked outer layers and removal of the abrasion into colder temperature zones is ensured by moving the fuel elements during the treatment, for example on a vibrating screen, or being treated by brushing. Preimpregnation with a substance that catalyzes the combustion is advantageous.

Description

a) Annular disk-shaped components (10, 11) are provided, each equipped with their own local material accumulations (nominal balancing masses 12, 12}, arranged in pairs next to one another and rotatable relative to one another about the longitudinal axis (A) of the rotor are determinable;

b) at least one (iü) of the two annular disk-shaped Components (10, 11) is also designed as a seal carrier (seal 31)

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the annular disk-shaped component pair (10, 11) on a wheel disk collar (9) in a form-fitting manner is determinable

3. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that with different diameters. .1 equipped annular disc-shaped components (18,19) the Sr »llunwi: -htmassen (12,13) arranged on different radii (r \, ri) and in a common plane (20) running perpendicular to the hotc ^ ng axis (A) are.

4. Device according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that both annular disk-shaped Components (10, 11) of a pair of rings via a common circumferential toothing (14), a bolt or a tongue and groove connection are secured against rotation during operation.

5. Device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one (21) of two rim-shaped components (21,22) of a pair of rings via a toothing (23) or the like can be coupled to the rotor (25) or a component thereof

6. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotor driver connection is a Ring pair is formed by a rotationally symmetrical, hat-shaped locking plate (15) which over a screw connection on the rotor can be fixed.

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The invention relates to a device for eliminating rotor imbalances according to the preamble of claim 1.

Due to material irregularities in the structure, processing inaccuracies it is within the tolerances, settling phenomena in joined components, etc. rarely possible to place the center of mass of rotating parts on the axis of rotation. With it arise Imbalances for the rotor, which result from the product of the mass of the rotating part times the distance of the actual Center of gravity to the axis of rotation are formed. The size and location of the imbalance is based on special machines determined.

In the case of high-speed rotors or large rotating masses, it is necessary to remove this imbalance for reasons of Component stress (thus the service life) as well as, among other things. to reduce to a minimum for reasons of vibration. This is basically done by removing material at the point of unbalance or by adding it of material on the side of the rotor component opposite the unbalance. This in turn can each individual component of a z. B. screwed together rotor separately and / or on the finished rotor association - if necessary - happen.

The removal of material to remove the unbalance can, for. B. specially by grinding in the rotor disks provided balancing collars or through holes in the wheel disks.

Accumulations of material to remove unbalance can, for. B. be achieved by

- Bolting of balancing weights with collars arranged on the side of the impellers,
Insertion of balancing weights in prefabricated lateral circumferential grooves of the impellers with subsequent caulking of the weights as well as through

- Introduction of balancing weights in the blade circumferential grooves between two or more Blades or blade roots.

The well-known material extraction processes described have inter alia. the disadvantage of limited material availability in the case of several balancing processes (several dismantling of the rotor assembly) connected to the Lack of an inadequate subsequent cleaning option for complex components and / or completely assembled rotor assemblies.

In the case of e.g. B. in the peripheral hub area arranged areas uestcm wciicnnn uie vjcfähr of stress concentrations.

In the above-mentioned beka; intsn material accumulation processes - here various balancing weights - there is primarily the risk of loosening the balancing weights, which can only be achieved through the most careful dimensioning, Manufacturing and assembly can be reduced.

Complicated, time-consuming assembly is the main shortcoming for those between two or several blades in a blade circumferential groove to be placed balancing weights viewed while a substantial deficiency for the arrangement in lateral circumferential grooves to be caulked balancing weights in the temporary usability of the receiving groove, and thus of the wheel because of plastic deformation the edge of the groove is seen.

With regard to the wording of the preamble of claim 1, the invention is based on one of the DE-OS 28 41 130 known rotor unbalance removal device which can be used, for example, in compressors of gas turbine engines the end.

In this known solution, a possible rotor unbalance should be at a locally predefined point of a rotor flange compensating individual weights can be determined so that even in the event of a break in the relevant z. B. rivet-like weight connection means the respective individual weight by way of a beak-like end curve to be held within a corresponding recess between the Rotor flange and adjoining wall sections of an annular ring designed as a seal carrier Rotor component is formed.

With regard to extremely high operating speeds, it should be - despite the additional weight protection sought - a detachment from the anchorage concerned cannot be completely ruled out.

In the event of a break in the relevant weight connector with the engine still running and due to the design of this additional safety device, a local compensation weight shift and the associated rotor imbalances and their often serious damage to the engine cannot be avoided.

A time-consuming and costly assembly as well as on-site Strength weaknesses, as a result of the local fastener holes, are in the known Facility seen as further disadvantages.

From GB-PS 10 19 519 one is primarily intended for use in grinding machines, similar to one Spring clutch working rotor unbalance compensation device known. In this known device are already equipped with their own material accumulations (target balancing masses), in pairs Ring disk components arranged next to one another and movable relative to one another are provided, which are in a the relative end positions to each other, which compensate for the rotor imbalance, should be able to be fixed on the rotor.

The ring disk components should be freely rotatable on a rotor that is mechanically separated from the machine rotor Shaft journal be arranged within a bell-shaped rotor recess. The shaft journal represents represents a piston that can be actuated by a pneumatically predetermined control pressure, also contains a Return spring, which, when the control pressure drops below a specified value, a mutual axial tension and to bring about driving connection against or with the rotor bell part.

Under the action of the spring, the Ringseheibenbäuieile are only then against the rotor or its bell-shaped part jams if, while the machine is running, there is one on the relevant rotor bell imbalance value registered near the bearing, which - deviates from the actual rotor imbalance - represents the equilibrium value, as an electronically processed signal the necessary control pressure drop concerned about the piston-shaped shaft journal.

This "self-adjusting" working compensation device with regard to the accuracy requirements that are imposed on the rotor unbalances to be compensated by gas turbine or aircraft engines as well as with regard to comparatively higher Operating speeds (disc clamp lock via return spring force) as well as with regard to whose comparatively complicated and failure-prone structure makes it suitable for use in gas turbine engines appear unreasonable.

The invention is based on the object of eliminating the known disadvantages and to create a device with which rotor imbalances can be optimally compensated for in a relatively simple manner without affecting the main functional components of the rotor (wheel disks, shaft sections) Carry out local material accumulations or reductions of the type mentioned directly to have to.

The task set is due to the features contained in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved according to the invention.

In this way, in addition to the comparatively simple and extremely precise type of handling, this Device a thorough saving in components and weight reduction can be achieved by at least one of the two annular disk-shaped components is a functionally essential seal carrier between the rotor and stator is.

With comparatively quick and inexpensive assembly and disassembly options for both ring-disk-shaped The relevant engine rotor or compressor or turbine rotor does not have to have any significant components subject to structural restructuring, especially since the target balancing masses are mechanically separate Components of the basic rotor structure are or have no direct influence on the material and thus strength of the finished rotor wall or disk structures.

Advantageous further developments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from patent claims 2 to 6. The invention is explained in more detail using the drawings, for example; it shows

F i g. 1 a pulley-shaped pulley provided with nominal balancing masses Component pair of the device:.> Ng on one as Axial section shown compressor section of a gas turbine jet engine,

F i g. 2 shows a sectional view of the one for the device according to FIG. 1 belonging annular disk-shaped component xemäß viewing direction or Fi g. 1,

3 shows a sectional view of the other for the device according to FIG. 1 belonging annular disk-shaped component according to the viewing direction C to F i g. 1,
4 shows a first diagram, projected from the relevant Roior plane into the plane of the drawing and explaining the course of the mass for maximum unbalance elimination,

5 shows a second diagram projected from the relevant rotor plane into the plane of the drawing, which embodies the mass curve for a rotor and residual unbalance equal to zero,

6 a from the relevant rotor plane into the Projected drawing plane, the course of the mass to any Third diagram explaining the elimination of unbalance,

7 shows a section shown as an axial section an annular disk-shaped component pair provided with nominal imbalances in a second embodiment and F i g. 8 shows a section, shown as an axial section, of an annular disk-shaped ring provided with nominal imbalances Pair of components in a third embodiment, including circumferential securing means of the Pair of components on the rotor.

F i g. 1 embodies a specific application of the subject matter of the invention on a compressor of a gas turbine jet engine. Axial compressor guide vanes belonging to the compressor stator are denoted by 1 and ~. Compressor rotor blades arranged on a wheel disk 3 belonging to the compressor rotor are denoted by 4. To the compressor roxor brought an inner shaft part 3, which among other things, the cohesion of several wheel disks with each other as well as the connection (screw connection 6) with other rotor components, so z. B. here with a component 8 which partially forms the inner walls of the compressor duct 7.

To eliminate any residual imbalance in the compressor rotor, an axial protruding collar 9 of the wheel disk 3 two annular disk-shaped components / 0, 11 in pairs next to each other and arranged so as to be rotatable relative to the longitudinal axis of the rotor. The two annular disk-shaped components 10, 11

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are arranged with their own local accumulations of material with the radii r ₂ . At 26 in FIG. 8 also provided that here z. B. indicated by punctiform arranged thread on which a nut-nominal balancing masses 12,13 are formed. After the can be screwed to secure both annular disk-shaped two annular disk-shaped components 10, 11 beforehand in components 21, 22 against axial displacement on the rotor for the purpose of compensating for a residual imbalance of the rotor.

tors in this level suitable position against each other As in F i g. 1 and 7, at least that

have been twisted, they are - here from the left to one of the two annular disk-shaped components, z. B. right - firmly pressed against each other and at the same time - the same (Fig. 1) or 19 (Fig. 7), at the same time as a carrier of a seal by having two components separate and with one another 31 or 32 between the rotor and stator of the concerned Corresponding circumferential toothing 14 against 10 fender turbomachine can be formed. The inventors secured against rotation. A training on the wheel disc collar 9 thus enables an advantageous and economical fixable and also in recesses of a ring combination between the anyway in such cases disk-shaped component 10 engaging hat-shaped necessarily required sealing provisions Locking plate 15 ensures the anti-twist and the usually occurring requirement of with would take the pair of components on the rotor assembly or on the Un wheel disc possible here for such a seal carrier 3, after a nut 33 screwed onto the wheel disk collar 9 has been tightened. Furthermore, at least one annular disk-shaped

For the purpose of eliminating a rotor or residual unbalance component pair part of a compressor or a Both annular disk-shaped components 10. 11 turbine, or a wheel disk of one of the two at the same time jointly or independently of one another 20 named assemblies of the rotor association.

or in opposite directions in the circumferential direction

twisted and then against each other and on the Ro- For this 2 sheets of drawings gate must be secured against twisting.

For the implementation of the imbalance compensation it is also essential that the sum of the nominal balancing masses 12, 13 multiplied by their radii emanating from the rotor axis A should correspond to the maximum remaining imbalance of the rotor assembly in this plane.

This maximum residual unbalance occurs actually occur, they are both annular-disk-shaped members 10, 11 mounted so that the two target balancing masses 12, 13 (Figure 4) of the two annular disk-shaped members 10,11 - relative to the rotor axis A - axially brought to cover and opposite the maximum residual unbalance 15 are rotated by 180 ".

Another extreme would be a residual imbalance equal to zero (FIG. 5). In this case, the annular disk-shaped components 10, 11 would have to be rotated against each other so that the two nominal balancing masses 12, 13 are located in any common plane passing through the rotor axis A , that is to say, rotated by 180 ° to each other .

In the case of residual imbalance values that are below the maximum residual imbalance, those would be those with the nominal balancing masses 12,13 provided annular disk-shaped components 10, 11 to be rotated against each other in such a way that, according to FIG. 6, the resultant 16 of the two nominal balancing masses 12, 13 of the residual unbalance 17 is the same and opposite at this point on the rotor.

According to FIG. 7, the nominal balancing gauges 12, 13 are arranged on different radii η, Γ2 on the annular disk-shaped components 18, 19 and in a common radial plane 20 running perpendicular to the rotor axis A. It should be noted that the angle of rotation (FIG. 6) for the nominal balancing masses 12, 13 must not be the same, but must be different.

Not shown further, both can be annular disk-shaped Components instead of a common circumferential toothing z. B. by a bolt or a tongue and groove connection be secured against rotation during operation.

At least one of the two annular disk-shaped components 21, 22 (FIG. 8) of a ring pair!) Can each have a toothing 23 or 24, e.g. B. an involute toothing, be coupled to the rotor 25 or a component thereof. The nominal balancing masses 12, 13 are shown in FIG. 8 emanating 'on the same from the Rotorachüe A

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Device for eliminating rotor imbalances in turbomachines, in particular gas turbine engines, in which the rotonin balances due to deliberate local accumulations of material on the Rotor can be compensated, at the same time as interacting with static machine components Seal carrier is formed, characterized by the following features: 10