DE2929759A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRICAL DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR MODEL RAILWAYS - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for controlling electrical Devices, in particular of model railways

The invention relates to a method and a device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8.

A particularly suitable field of application of the invention is the control of devices with DC motors operated, for example by model railways. A DC-operated electrical device, which with the aid of the method according to the invention is controlled, for example, have a motor with a rotary movement as an output variable, such as it is used, for example, in the locomotive of a model railroad will; However, the device can also contain a solenoid with a linear output variable, such as that used for the Control of the points of a model railway is used. But other types of DC-powered devices can be controlled with the aid of the method according to the invention.

The invention relates in particular to a method and an apparatus for remote control of a in a receiving station located DC device from a broadcasting station off, whereby an alternating curve of relatively low frequency is given from the transmitting station to two conductors, which connect the sending and receiving stations with each other.

Most of today's model railroad systems use it a two-rail system in which the two rails,

-8th-

909886/0806

on which the trains run, are isolated from one another and on which a locomotive is on the track over the two Rail receives direct current. The in model railroad locomotives Motors used are generally 12VoIt DC motors, with the direction of movement of a locomotive is selected by correct polarity of the two rails.

In most cases, the speed becomes one IC locomotive controlled with the help of a simple resistance regulator that provides power for both of them Rails is connected in series, although some semiconductor control devices are commercially available in which the power supply controlled by a semiconductor element such as a transistor.

The power of a model railway layout described above Art is that at the same time only one locomotive on a certain length of the track can be driven independently. If two or more locomotives are to be controlled independently of one another, see above the track must be divided into different, electrically isolated sections, each section has its own control unit or can be connected to a special control unit. At a such division of the track into more than a minor one With the number of individual sections, wiring becomes extremely complicated and there are many Switch required. It is inevitable that the operational reliability of such a system is very high and also the smooth control

-9-

909886/0806

of a locomotive moving back and forth from one Section to the other is difficult.

In terms of the complexity of electrical wiring Another disadvantage of such an arrangement is that it is temporary System is extremely unsuitable and only if it is permanently installed Plant is really usable. Another disadvantage is that the wiring for the IC switches, signals etc. is separate from the wiring must be done for the rails.

It has recently been proposed, for the control of more than one model railroad on a track, to give digital signals to this track, which are superimposed on the power feed for the engines of the locomotives, the power actually fed into each motor being controlled by the digital signals are decoded and the power can be controlled as a function of this. Previous demonstrations of the proposed control have shown that satisfactory control is extremely difficult and interactions between different locomotives occur on the same lanes. This is probably due to the fact that DC-operated motors with pantograph brushes and commutators cause strong electrical interference, which also applies to the customers of the locomotives, which enable the transmission of electricity between the track and the moving locomotive. Such electrical disturbances tend to falsify the digital control signals.

-10-

909886/0806

The invention is therefore based on the object of an improved control method and an improved one Control device for controlling a DC powered Device, such as a motor with a rotating output, with control method and control device for use on model electric locomotives having a low voltage DC motor can be interpreted. In addition, the invention is intended to provide a method and a device be created, which can be modified so that they have a completely independent control of two or more DC-operated electrical devices with only two conductors, for example the rails a model railroad system, allow the ladder from one exciter to both or all electrical equipment.

This object is achieved according to the characterizing features of claims 1 and 8.

An advantage achieved by the invention is that when carrying out the method according to the invention only two conductors are provided between the transmitting and receiving stations, one of which is of course this conductor can be an earth or tank return line, so that actually only one "wire" is needed. In the event that the method for controlling a model locomotive Is used, however, are usually the two rails of the track on which the locomotive running, be the two lines, and of course all others to connect the tracks with the transmitter station necessary lines.

-11-

909886/0806

In order to carry out the control, the relatively high-frequency waveform of a predetermined frequency is superimposed on the relatively low-frequency alternating curve for each alternating half-wave, ie either each positive or each negative half-wave; and in the receiving station, the lines that transmit the alternating curve are only connected to the DC-powered device if the second waveform is present. By modulating the positive half-waves of the alternating curve, the device then works in a first direction, while it works in a second direction by modulating the negative half-waves of the alternating curve. In addition, the power delivered to the device is reduced by only partial modulation of the selected alternating current halves compared to the highest possible value, which only occurs if each alternating current half-wave is modulated over its entire duration. The lowest value would be reached if such a modulation were only carried out for a very short period of time for each alternating half-wave. With the aid of means that allow continuously variable control, a device such as the engine of a locomotive can be controlled so that it runs efficiently at a certain speed.

Another advantage of the method described above when used to control a single DC device, as in game sv / eise of an electric motor of a model railroad, consists in the fact that the Device delivered power without power loss in

-12-

909886/0806

can be controlled by a resistance regulator Torques can be generated even at low speed, which means that when using a particularly smooth control is achieved for a model railway.

The method is preferably carried out in such a way that the presence of the superimposed waveform with the predetermined frequency is determined in the receiving station, this output signal being used to control the power supply to the device. The power supply is therefore given when the superimposed waveform occurs. It may also an inverted control are used, wherein the absence aer waveform detected and an output signal of the recognizer, which signals this absence is used to lock the power supply when no superimposed waveform of the predetermined frequency is present.

The inventive method can be modified so that it allows remote control of two or more DC powered devices each with a receiving station allows all electrical devices to be controlled from one transmitter station and only two Lines connect all receiving stations to the sending station. For this modified procedure, the Sending station two or more waveforms each with a different but relatively high definition Frequency of the alternating curve superimposed, with each superimposed waveform optionally either the positive or

-13-

909886/0806

negative half-wave of the alternating curve is superimposed, for at least part of the duration of the respective half-wave. In such a method, each receiving station must be tuned to a specific superimposed waveform with a defined predetermined frequency. The electrical device that is assigned to this receiving station is only supplied with power if this specific second waveform is present or - in the case of the inverted control method - is not present. In this way, more than one DC-powered device can be controlled independently of the others, both in terms of the direction of operation and the power output, with only two lines connecting all devices to one another. The total number of devices controllable with the aid of the method described is determined by factors such as e.g. B. the quality of the detection of the presence or absence of an excess

superimposed waveform of certain frequency and the overall bandwidth of the device is limited.

Detection is preferably done using a simple matched circle with a sufficiently high Q factor performed using the tuned loop output signal to a semiconductor switch to drive the supply current to the DC powered device for the required amount of time during the half-wave with the desired polarity lets through. In a special method according to the invention, the recognizer works on an analog basis, and the superimposed waveform is a digital signal,

-14-

909886/0808

which is rich in third Hannonian: it has been found that with this special procedure one relatively large number of devices regarding Power and sense of direction can be controlled.If, for example, sixteen separate and predetermined Waveforms between 161.29 KHz and 416.66 KHz are superimposed on a 50 Hz alternating current, then you can sixteen separate devices can be controlled independently.

Such a method is undoubtedly extremely advantageous for controlling a model railway system, because sixteen locomotives independently on a track without any isolated from each other Sections can be controlled. Of course you can do this instead of sixteen locomotives also fewer locomotives and other DC-powered devices such as switches, signals or train lighting being controlled. If the system is carefully designed, more can of course be achieved than sixteen devices can be fully controlled.

It has been found that a DC powered motor is supplied with power for a minimum period of time become soot when the engine is supposed to work, and this is typically the time for a 12V DC motor a model railway locomotive 20% of the duration of a half-wave of a 50Hz alternating current of 20V.

So if the superimposed waveform is present for less than 20% of the duration of each alternating current half-wave, a Do not speak to the locomotive about their presence.

-15-

909886/0806

There is a particular advantage of the invention over similar known methods and devices in the circuit at the current zero crossing. As a result, no current flows at the time of switching, which means practically no more glitches occur. Since very low currents are switched, the switches, See below transistors, little used and therefore remain functional for longer.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a device is located for remote control of a receiving station, DC-powered electrical Gorät ;: provided by a transmitting station. In the transmitting station, this device contains a supply device for generating an alternating curve of a relatively low frequency; it contains Joruci an oscillator for generating a Kurvonfoiv., mü.-. orner relatively high predetermined frequency, as well as means for superimposing the curve shape on the alternating curve during their changing half-waves, IHK; zv / :. r for at least part of the duration of each half-wool. Finally, this device has a detector in the egg station for determining the presence or absence of the superimposed Knrvonforn as well as switching means which are controlled by an output signal of the detector to cause the switching of the alternating curve for the supply of a global current-driven device .

-16-

909886/0806

BATH ORIGINAL

When using the device according to the invention, the transmitting and receiving stations have to use be connected to each other by two electrical conductors, one of which is an earth or ground return can be. In addition, a suitable power source must be connected to the power supply unit. Such The energy source can be a battery or the household alternating current network. The DC-powered electrical device must be connected to the receiving station so

IC can be supplied with electricity by means of switching means can, under the control of the recognizer. The device can, for example, be an electric motor with a rotary output variable, for example the engine of a model railway locomotive or a linear motor such as B. have a solenoid.

The power supply unit expediently has a transformer, which is powered by the household mains AC voltage is fed and provides a 20V AC voltage with a relatively high current availability. It also includes a low voltage DC power source, say 5V, to power the others Parts of the transmitting station. The means with which the superposition is carried out can be a rectangle generator and an adder, the output of the square wave generator having the same frequency like the change curve of the power supply unit. However, the output signal of the square wave generator be switched so that it is either in phase with the Wechsei curve or shifted by 180 ° to this. Of the The adder is connected to the output sigra

-17-

909886/0806

the oscillator that generates the superimposed waveform, and add the output of the square wave generator. The above-mentioned means for overlaying serve to make the Output signal of the oscillator of the alternating curve for the entire duration of each alternating half wave of this alternating curve to overlay, but these means can also be modified so that the overlay is only for one Part of the duration of each alternating shark wave is made possible. This can easily be achieved by converting the output of the square wave generator to a monostable There are flip-flops, either from the leading or trailing edge of the generator output signal is triggered. The monostable output sense is then combined with the output signal of the oscillator and the alternating curve superimposed. By taking the time constant of the monostable multivibrator from 0% to 100% of the duration of a half-wave makes the alternating curve variable, the duration of the superimposition on the half-waves can be be set accordingly.

In the receiving station, the recognizer preferably has a coordinated LC circuit, the resonance frequency of which coincides with the specified oscillator frequency. The switching means preferably have a transistor circuit which is designed so that they Alternating curve on the DC-operated device to be controlled switches as soon as the specified frequency of the Matched LC circuit of the recognizer has been recognized as present, so that the device with unipolar current pulses from the duration to a half-wave of the alternating curve is supplied.

-18-

909886/08 Q 8

The apparatus described above can be adapted to remotely control two or multiple DC powered devices by using a variety of predetermined frequencies is provided, each of which, as desired, the half-waves of the alternating curve is superimposed. For example a single main oscillator can be so arranged be that he drives a divider circuit, where the divider provides a number of output frequencies, each of which is unique and predetermined frequency and each of which with the output signal of the square wave generator (or, if available, with the output signal of the monostable multivibrator) for the purpose of the subsequent superimposition of the Alternating curve combined v / grounding.

All separate combined signals are combined into one Adders fed, the output signal of which is superimposed on the alternating curve, which in turn is then sent to the lines that lead to the individual recipients.

For such a multi-device controller should each receiving station have their recognizer tuned to the desired frequency so that it is only superimposed on one Waveform responds with this frequency. By then looking at the duration of the presence of that frequency controls on the alternating curve and this happens during the alternating half-waves, a DC-operated Device, which with the switching means of a Receiving station is connected, whose recognizer is based on this

-19-

909886/0806

Frequency is tuned to be controlled from the broadcasting station. If more than two frequencies are used, should not be a whole multiple or a frequency Factor of the other frequencies so that a receiver tuned to one frequency will not erroneously responds to a harmonic of a different frequency. If a large number of frequencies are used, the Frequencies expediently from a main oscillator derived by division under the control of a microprocessor.

It is obvious that the device described above is advantageous for controlling two or more Locomotives of a model railroad layout as well as for the Control of the switches and signals of the model railway can be used. The two mutually insulated rails can be used as a pair of cables for power transmission from the transmitting station to each receiving station, with each receiving station in a locomotive or built into a facility adjacent to a turnout or signal, as required. The device therefore does not require any complicated ones Wiring, although up to sixteen locomotives independently on a single track section can be controlled. The device can also be used for systems that are set up permanently or only temporarily will.

The receiving station can be built very small, for example with the help of the integrated silicon thick-film technology, whereby it can be installed even in the relatively limited space of a model locomotive.

-2C-

909886/0806

-2C-

As an exemplary embodiment, a specific embodiment of the present invention is to be described in detail below, reference being made to the drawings. Show it:
05

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the basic system of the invention for remote control of a DC powered electric motor;

2a / b shows a simplified circuit arrangement of a transmitting station, some parts having been omitted for the sake of clarity of the illustration. This circuit arrangement operates according to the principles described with reference to FIG. 1;

3 shows a schematic circuit arrangement of a

Hand control device, of which up to four are used with the transmitter station shown in FIG can,

4 shows a schematic circuit arrangement of a receiving station for use in connection with the transmitting station of FIGS. 2a, 2b and 3;

Fig. 5 is a diagram with at different points of the

System of Fig. 1 occurring curves.

In Fig. 1 is a control arrangement for a DC-operated Electric motor shown, which both the direction of rotation and the power and thus control the speed of rotation of a motor

-21-

909886/0806

can. This control arrangement is especially for the Control of several Model 1 railway systems designed. The arrangement has a power supply unit P.S.U., a transmitting station 10 and a receiving station 11, furthermore two lines 12, which extend between the transmitting station IC and the receiving station 11 are located, as well as a motor M connected to the receiving station 11.

The power supply unit P.S.U. is for a 240V or HOV alternating voltage designed at 50 Hz or 60 Hz of the household power network and feeds a 20V alternating current into line 13. The power supply unit P.S.U. also leads to a main oscillator 14, which vibrates with a constant frequency, Direct current to. The output of the main oscillator is fed to a digital divider 15 which is so designed may be that it generates any four frequencies out of sixteen possible different frequencies all derived from the output of the main oscillator.

The selected four output signals can be provided for four different control channels, of which only one is shown in FIG. 1.

The selected frequency output signal for the desired channel then becomes one input of one NAND gate 16 supplied with two inputs.

-22-

909886 / 080S

The power supply unit also supplies a waveform shaper 17 with a low-voltage alternating current which can provide a 50 Hz square-wave output signal which operates between logic levels C and 1. This waveform is derived from the AC mains connection so that the square wave output of the waveform shaper 17 is in phase with the 20V AC current that has been applied to the line 13. The square-wave output signal of the waveform shaper 17 is fed to a phase switch which sets the output signal either to a logic zero or a logic one on a positive half-wave of the alternating size on the line 13; this is then selected with the help of a switch. The output signal of the phase switch 18 is fed to a monostable multivibrator 19, the time constant of which can be varied with the aid of a controller 20. The one-shot multivibrator 19 is triggered by the trailing edge of the 50 Hz square-wave signal that comes from the phase switch 18. Its pulse width can be changed from 0% to 100% of the half-wave of the alternating current curve on section 13. The output signal of the monostable multivibrator 19 is applied to the second input of the NAND gate 16, the output signal of which is superimposed on the alternating current curve on line 13, in order then to be applied to the receiving station 11 via the conductor.

In the receiving station, a recognizer 21 is provided, which on the frequency of a selected channel of the divider 15 is matched, which was input into the NAND gate 16. The recognizer 21 is advantageous an LC resonant circuit of high quality, whose

-23-

909886/0806

Kitten or resonance frequency is the same as that Frequency of a selected channel of the divider 15. The Detector 21 is designed so that it supplies an output signal to a semiconductor switch 22 each time the tuned oscillating circuit resonates - so always when a signal is given via the NAND gate 16 on the line 13. The semiconductor switch 22 is switched so that it is always conductive when the presence of the predetermined frequency from the detector 21 was found, so that he the motor K < Supplies electricity. So the motor is driven by the positive (or negative) half-waves of the alternating current, from the power supply unit P.S.U. on the line 13 is given.

During operation, the monostable multivibrator has a maximum pulse width that is equal to the duration of one Half cycle of 50 Hz alternating current on line 13 is, wherein the pulse width can be selected with the control means 20. The phase switch 18 enables the monostable multivibrator 19 at the beginning of a positive half cycle or at the beginning of a negative to trigger the running half-cycle, as required. The NAND gate 16 causes the selected frequency is given by the divider 15 to the line 13 only during the duration of the monostable pulse. Thus, the selected frequency is only given to line 13 for the maximum duration of a half-wave of the alternating current will. The use of the controller 20 thus reduces the time for which the selected frequency is actually on the Line 13 is displayed. The controller 20 is so

-24-

909886/0806

placed that in one of its terminal positions the monostable Flip-flop does not trigger at all, so the selected frequency from the divider 15 becomes none Time is given on line 13.

In the receiver v / ird the presence of the selected Frequency on line 13 detected and the semiconductor switch 22 becomes conductive as soon as the presence of the selected frequency is detected. Since the selected Frequency only either during the positive half-waves or only during the negative half-waves is present (which depends on the setting of the phase switch 18), the motor is only in one direction Current supplied, depending on which half-wave the selected one Contains frequency. The motor works in one direction of rotation, and the power generated by the motor depends on the duration of the presence of the selected frequency on each half-wave.

Figures 2a, 2b and 3 are simplified circuit arrangements of an embodiment of a transmitting station with the associated hand control. These circuits work, however, in general according to the the same principles as described above in connection with FIG. To get the number of available To increase channels (i.e. the frequencies from the divider), these are generated with the help of a microprocessor, which controls the operation of four shift registers that divide one from the main oscillator Make a signal, whereby none of the resulting signals is a factor or a multiple of the other signals is.

-25-

909886/0806

The transmitting station also has an 8021 microprocessor 30 (MPU) with two connections for eight bits (connections 0 and 1), a connection for four bits (connection 2) and with a suitable control program, which is burned into a locked read-only memory (ROK) during the manufacture of the microprocessor became. A resistor 31 sets the internal clock frequency of the microprocessor MPU 30, and one Diode 32 and a capacitor 33 ensure that the power mode is reset. A power supply unit P.S.U. generates a regulated direct current of 5 V as well as a 50 Hz square wave voltage for the timing of the transmitting station, the power lines, as shown in Figs. 2a, 2b, are connected to the microprocessor 30. A main oscillator is made up of a crystal 34, the resistors 35, 36, the capacitors 37, 38 and the inverters 39, 40, 41 with the crystal 34 selected to vibrate at 10 MHz. The output signal of the oscillator is fed to the clock inputs of four TTL 7496 presettable five-stage shift registers 42 (only one of which is shown for reasons of clarity) and the clock inputs of four D flip-flops 43 (of which again only one is shown for reasons of clarity) given.

The three parts of the microprocessor 30 are connected to bus bars 44, 45, 46, respectively, with the connection is connected to the busbar 46 via a buffer memory 47. The busbar 46 is, along with

-26-

909886/0808

a special line from the bus bar 45, connected to the first shift register, for the five preset signals to manufacture. The shift register is with the help of an exclusive OR gate 48 as a pseudo-random generator switched and receives the output signals from zv / ei stages, the inverter 49 den Data input feeds. Four output signal stages are connected together by the NAND gate 50, whose Output signal is fed to the data input of the D flip-flop 43. The Q output of flip-flop 43 becomes is used to clear the shift register 42 and, after being inverted by element 51, the Preset register 42 with the bits on busbar 46 and the line from busbar 45.

A J-K flip-flop 52 is a frequency halving element wired and receives the output signal of the D flip-flop 43 on its clock input. The Q output signal of the flip-flop 52 (Fig. 2b) is fed to one input of a NAND gate 53 (Fig. 2a) with two inputs, while the second input receives the output signal of a further NAND gate 54, which is from one of a hand control outgoing signal is controlled, as described with reference to FIG. 3.

There are three other shift registers 42, together with the associated flip-flops and gates, all for the sake of clarity in the figure are not shown, but which are wired in essentially the same manner as described above. That second shift register processes five bits of the output signal of connection 1, the third the other two

-27-

909886/0806

Bits of this terminal 1 and three bits of the output signal from terminal 0, during the fourth shift register the remaining five bits of the output from port 0 are processed. The transmitting station points a front panel on which suitable selectors 55 are arranged, the busbars 44 and 45 directly and the busbar 46 via a three-stage Buffer memories 56 are connected to the selectors. This buffer memory 56 is controlled by a signal enabled that of the 50 Hz square wave generator output signal the power supply unit is derived. The program of the microprocessor MPU causes that the selectors 55 at the zero crossing of the 50 Hz square wave be sampled (since no subsequent change in frequencies causes any interference, because at this moment the power on the track is zero) and then decides which division of the 10 MHz oscillator output signal is required to set the frequency for the at the output of each of the flip-flops 52 corresponding channel to be driven by this flip-flop. If one of the shift registers does not go to Driving a channel is to be used, it is preset with five logical ones, while if one Frequency can be produced by dividing the lOMHz signal should place the appropriate pattern in the shift register is stored by adding the required bits of the Sarnmel rails are set. Every time the shift register has four logical ones, it is cleared and the JK flip-flop 52 is clocked again. The Q output has half the clock pulse train and the required Frequency. With the appropriate presetting you can now

-28-

909886/0808

the following frequencies can be derived from the output signal of the 10 MHz oscillator:

channel

Divider ratio Frequency (KHz) 24 416.66 26th 384.61 28 357.14 30th 333.33 32 312.50 34 294.12 36 277.77 38 263.12 40 250.00 42 238.09 44 227.27 46 217.39 50 200.00 54 185.18 58 172.41 62 161.29

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11 12 13 14 15 16

Fig. 3 shows a circuit arrangement of an independent Hand control for connection with the circuit of FIG. 2 to provide proportional control of a on the selector 55 selected channel to enable. The circuit receives the 50 Hz square wave at point 60, and this curve is inverted twice by the NAND gates 61 and 62, the gate serves to transmit the signal on the line between the transmitting station (Fig. 2a, 2b) and the hand control (Fig. 3) to buffer. The switch 63 serves as a phase switch

-29-

909886/080 6

(Fig. 1) for the monostable multivibrator 19, which as a conventional monostable circuit with two Transistors is constructed, the time constant of which can be changed with a variable resistor Vr 1.

The monostable multivibrator is triggered by the 5C Hz signal coming via switch 63, and the level of the threshold of the signal can be set during production with the aid of the preset resistor Vr 2. The output signal of the monostable multivibrator is tapped from the collector of transistor Tr 1 and fed to one input of a NAND gate 64 with two inputs, the other input of which is connected to a signal coming from switch 63, which in turn is inverted with the aid of NAND gate 65 , is fed. The output of the handheld controller appears on line 66, which is fed into the circuit of FIG. 2 to drive NAND gate 54.

The hand control also receives power from the power supply unit the transmitting station and can therefore be connected to it via a four-wire line. the Hand control preferably has a sliding contact potentiometer to adjust the time constant of the monostable Toggle switching (and thus the speed of a controlled Motors), as well as a simple slide switch for forward and reverse operation. There should be four of these control units available, one for each of the four possible ones Channels generated by shift registers 42.

-30-

909886/0806

In FIGS. 2a and 2b, the output signal of the NAND gate 53 is only at L or "high" potential, if the generated channel frequency and the output signal of the hand control unit are at 0 or "low" potenti al lie. As a result, this means that the generated Frequency appears at the output of gate 53 only for the duration of the pulse of the monostable multivibrator, which has been set by the variable resistor Vr 1. The output of the gate becomes is input to the inverted input of an operational amplifier 70 via a preset Resistor Vr 3, which together with resistor 71 forms a voltage divider, as well as a gain-determining one Resistor 72. Additional NAND gates and resistors are available for the three other channels, as well as another resistor network for an external input signal, if this should be necessary. All output signals are then given to the inverted input of the operational amplifier. The output of the amplifier is buffered and again amplified with the help of the ■ transistors Tr2 and Tr3, whereby the transistor Tr3 as part of a Darlington pair with the transistor Tr4 is connected. The final output signal is derived from the emitter of the transistor Tr4 and connected via a capacitor 74 and a resistor 75 to one of the two conductors 12 which, as will be described below, the 20V AC voltage feeds into the receiving station. The 20V AC voltage is generated by the power supply unit of the transmitting station. The lines with 15V DC

-31-

909886/0806

Strom and -15V direct current are used for energy supply the amplifier 70 and the transistors Tr2 to Tr4,

4 shows a circuit arrangement of a receiving station which is connected to the conductors 12 at the points 80. ? "recognizes that the recognition part of the receiving station has a transformer provided with a ferrite core, or it has a matched primary winding, consisting of the winding L 1 and an outer capacitor C 1, the capacitance of the capacitor C 1 being selected in this way that the recognizer resonates at the frequency of a selected channel of the transmitting station. If the primary side is in resonance, a voltage is generated in the windings L 2 and L 3 of the transformer. These windings L 2, L 3 are in two similar circuits for one Built-in DC motor, which is between the terminals 82 and 83. The diodes D 1 and D2 are connected to each other with respect to a line 12 and thus alternately supply current from the lines 12 to the two circuits or Tr 6, which respond to different-pole half waves and are driven by a Darlington pair en, which consists of the transistors Tr 7 and Tr8. The output voltage present at the windings L 2 or L 3 is rectified by the diode D 3 or D and the capacitor C 2 or C 3 and used to switch on the associated Darlington transistors Tr 7 or Tr 8. This only happens

-32-

909886/0808

when there is a signal on lines 12 at the selected one Frequency is present. If this is the case with positive half-waves of the 20V Ilechsel current, then the power transistor Tr 5 is switched on and the motor is driven in a first direction while with negative half-waves of the 20V alternating current the power transistor Tr 6 is switched on and the motor is driven in a second direction If the signal of the selected frequency is only available for part of the half-cycle, the one in the The current fed into the motor is switched off early, which reduces the output.

With the arrangement described above, the motor can with work at maximum power when the monostable multivibrator is set to one of the duration the pulse width corresponding to the half cycle of the 20V alternating current generated. However, the generated power can be reduced by changing the pulse width of the monostable Toggle switch is shortened. Proportional control is thus obtained if you change the value of the resistance VrI and thus the time constant of the monostable multivibrator. Finally can the direction of rotation of the DC motor with the aid of the switch 63 according to the respective requirements to be selected.

Figure 5 shows the waveforms present at various points in the arrangement described above. Fig. 5 (a) represents a square pulse from phase switch 18 - d. H. the input of the gate 65 - represents, the

-33-

909886/0806

Part of a 50 Hz wave that is in phase with the Change curve W is located, which is given to the lines 12 by the power supply unit. Fig. 5 (b) shows the output of the monostable multivibrator 19-d. H. the signal on line 66 - being the Flip-flop is set so that it has a pulse width of approximately 33% of a half cycle of the phase switch output signal Has. Fig. 5 (c) shows a typical one derived from the exciter by suitable division Output signal (but only schematically, as the channel frequencies range from 161.29 to 416.66 KHz, while the phase switch output is 50 Hz) and Fig. 5 (d) shows the output of the MAND gate 53, the signals of FIGS. 5 (b) and 5 (c) being combined with one another. When the output signal of the MAND gate 53 is superimposed on the 50 Hz alternating current signal on the lines 12, the in Waveform shown in Fig. 5 (e).

A non-proportional but directional control results if you use the monostable multivibrator of the Hand control device of Fig. 3 omits. Instead, the output signal of the phase switch can simply be switched to the NAND gate 54 input v / ground to combine this signal with a selected frequency in NAND gate 53, whereby the phase switch is still an "exhibition Has. In this way, many other DC devices can be operated which have either an on / off Need off or a forward / off / reverse control.

-34-

909886/0808

It should be noted that the control arrangement described above is a particularly effective one and yet simple remote control for up to sixteen DC motors or others Permits direct current devices, but only two lines between a transmitting station and one or more receiving stations are required. The circuit described could of course can also be changed so that the simultaneous control of more than four channels is possible were. The control arrangement can therefore be used especially in a model railway system find, because the lines 12 can expediently, at least in most cases, contain the two conductive rails of the system. The receiver circuit of Fig. 4 can be thick-film silicon -Chip can be built and is therefore cheap to manufacture. With regard its small size makes it easy to fit into a model such as a locomotive. Since the recognizer contains a coordinated analog circuit, the receiving station tends to compensate for disturbances such as noise pulse peaks on the lines 12. As a result, even with the use of spark-generating direct current abrasive brush motors, one can obtain and sliding sensors, as they are common in model railways, a stable Steering.

There is another advantage of the arrangement described above when used in model railroad systems

-35-

909886/0806

in that there is always an alternating current of 20V on the pending on both rails, regardless of whether a train is moving or not. Therefore, a Train lighting can be installed, which always works. Of course, the lighting could also be used as a one of the channels of the control system can be controlled. Similarly, other devices that be operated with alternating current, such as a smoke generator for locomotives, signals and switches, being controlled.

It should be noted, however, that the remote control system described above in many other areas outside the control of model railway systems can be used.

909886/0806

L 6 6 Γ S & i t 6

Claims (18)

PATENT CLAIMS / 1.! Method for the remote control of a DC-operated electrical device, which is located in a receiving station, from a sending station, an alternating curve of relatively low frequency is given by the sending station on two lines that connect the sending station with the Connect receiving station, characterized in that pulse trains of a curve shape with a predetermined and relatively high frequency in the transmitting station (10) are superimposed on the alternating half-waves of the alternating curve for at least part of the duration of an Ilal-wave, each pulse train being in phase with the zero crossing of the alternating curve begins, and that 'in the receiving station (11) the presence or absence of the superimposed waveform is determined and the alternating curve is fed to the DC-operated device (M) during the time in which the superimposed waveform is registered as being present. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the duration of each half-wave, during which the relatively high-frequency waveform is present, is continuously variable. 3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it is determined in the receiving station (11) whether the waveform is present with a predetermined frequency, and that when the presence of this waveform has been recognized, an output signal is generated, which is used to control the power supply for the device. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in k . that two or more direct current - 909886/0806 operated devices with each assigned receiving station (11) are controlled that two or more waveforms each with a different but relatively high frequency in the transmitting station (10) of the change. curve are superimposed, each curve shape is selectively superimposed either the positive or the negative half-waves of the alternating curve as required, for at least part of the duration of the respective half-wave, each receiving station (11) on a curve shape with a special predetermined frequency is matched. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection of the superimposed waveforms with the help of a tuned circle (21) of a relatively high quality factor is Runaway, the output signal of the tuned circuit is used to switch a plague body switch (22) to control, which gives the supply current for the ge desired time during the half-waves of the desired polarity on a DC-operated device. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the detection takes place in an analog manner and that the waveform is a digital signal . 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic switching means are provided for controlling the AC power supply for the DC- DC devices enclosed , characterized . that the electronic switching means have a slower onset time than the period of the high-frequency superimposed waveform, the switching means -3- 909888/0806 remain conductive during the presence of the pulse train of the superimposed curve shape. 8. Device for remote control of a DC-powered, located in a receiving station electrical device from a transmitting station, which has a power supply unit for generating an alternating curve of relatively low frequency, characterized by an oscillator located in the transmitting station (14,15) for generating pulse trains a Curve shape of a predetermined, relatively high frequency, as well as means (17,18,19,20,16) for superimposing the curve shape on the alternating curve during its alternating half-waves for at least part of the duration of each alternating half-wave, with each pulse train begins in phase with the zero crossing of the alternating curve; and further by a recognizer (21) located in the receiving station for recognizing the presence or absence of the superimposed waveform and by switching means (22) which are controlled by an output signal of the recognizer (21) in order to switch the alternating curve so that the DC powered device (M) is supplied with energy. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that a device for the superposition is provided, which contains a square wave generator (17) and an adder (16), wherein the output signal of the square wave generator (17) has the alternating form that is obtained from the power supply unit (PSU), but this output signal is selectively switched in this way 909886/0806 it can be that it is either in phase with the alternating curve or phase shifted by 180 ° to this, and wherein the adder (16) is arranged to receive the output of the oscillator (14, 15) of the superimposed waveform is generated and the output signal of the square wave generator (18) are added together. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the device for the upper storage is designed so that it allows the upper storage for only part of the duration of each change halftone. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the output signal of the square wave generator (17) is given to a monostable multivibrator (19) which is triggered either by the leading or the trailing edge of the output signal of the generator, and that the output signal of the monostable Toggle circuit (19) with the output signal of the oscillator (14, 15). combined for the purpose of superimposing on the alternating curve will. 12. Device according to one of claims 8-11, characterized in that the detector (21) in the receiving station (11) contains a tuned LC circuit, the resonance frequency of which coincides with the predetermined frequency of the oscillator (14, 15). 13. Device according to one of claims 8-12, characterized characterized in that the switching means (22) of the receiving station contains a transistor circuit arrangement, -5- 909886/0806 which switch the alternating curve to the DC device that is to be controlled when the predetermined frequency is determined by the recognizer to be present so that the device was made with unipolar current pulses the alternating curve is supplied, each of which can last up to a half-wave of the alternating curve. 14. Device according to one of claims 8-13, characterized in that the oscillator (14, 15) generates a plurality of waveforms of predetermined frequencies, each of which can be selectively transmitted to half-waves of the alternating curve v / ground. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that a single main oscillator (14) is connected so that it acts on a divider circuit (15) which supplies a plurality of output frequencies, each of which serves as a waveform of different, predetermined frequency. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the operation of the divider circuit (15) is controlled by a microprocessor. 17. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that no superimposed waveform has a frequency which is a simple multiple or a factor of one of the other frequencies. 18. Device according to one of claims 8-17, characterized in that the two lines (12) which the -6- 909886/0806 Sending station (lo) and the receiving station (11) with each other connect, at least partially contain the two tracks of a model railway layout and that the receiving station is integrated into a model train with a DC-powered electric motor, the motor being controlled from the receiving station and the train being controlled from the transmitting station v / can earth. -7- 909886 / C806