DE2919263A1 - Heat engine working over small temp. range - has thermal medium coupled to working cylinders by double acting hydraulic cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine has reservoirs for hot and cold liquids. These are allowed to flow alternately over a vertical rod which they cause to expand and contact. The liquids are collected in vessels below the rod. The rod has an extension to a piston in a double acting cylinder. The cylinder contains hydraulic fluid which is alternately pushed out and drawn in on both sides. Each side has a connection to a working cylinder. The hydraulic fluid moves pistons in the working cylinders. These pistons pump a working fluid which they discharge onto the blades of a turbine which provides the useful output.

Description

Heat engine

The invention relates to a heat engine,?:. It at least one for converting thermal energy into mechanical work, depending on the temperature working expansion body from and / or with a medium that is within a working temperature range at a lower temperature under force development contracts and expands with the development of force at an upper temperature a heating and cooling device for cyclical heating and cooling of the expansion body and with at least one, rotationally via the translational movement of the expansion body drivable drive shaft wherein the expansion body mechanically with at least a piston of a liquid-piston-cylinder unit that can be acted upon on both sides is coupled to move the piston in the same direction.

Such heat engines have the purpose, mainly from waste heat and natural thermal energy potential differences such as those between relatively warm Surface water and relatively cold deep water of a river or sea are present are mechanical and electrical at temperature differences of 2 to 3 degrees Kelvin Generate energy.

It is known to use heat engines to solve this problem to use solid, liquid and gaseous expansion bodies. Here is the However, space requirements of such heat engines are often still very large and the achievable efficiency and the achievable capacity are still low.

The invention is based on the object of such heat engines Manufactured from very few individual parts and thus simple and largely maintenance-free to shape the To increase efficiency, the space required at a given Limiting capacity to a minimum and making the achievable capacity essential to increase. In this way the heat engine becomes more compact, cheaper and therefore more economical.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least two on one side and alternately with the hydraulic fluid of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit beaufs hammerable working piston of two working piston-cylinder units provided are, which by means of a pressure medium line each with a pressure chamber of the fluid piston cylinder Aggregates are connected that when the pressure space reducing displacement activity of the working piston Hydraulic fluid from the pressure chamber of the working piston-cylinder unit is ejected and that during a displacement activity increasing the pressure space of the working piston Hydraulic fluid into the pressure chamber of the working piston-cylinder unit is sucked in and that at least one with the ejected pressure medium liquid actable turbine is provided, which is attached to a drive shaft and works on this drive shaft.

In such an embodiment, pressure medium lines are only necessary to a very small extent, since the pressure medium is transported out of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit to and working piston-cylinder unit back to the liquid-piston-cylinder Unit takes place in one and the same pressure medium line. At the same time are in this Area neither valves nor valve control devices necessary. Also is a problem-free coupling of several temperature-dependent expansion bodies possible, so that these together on a single liquid-piston-cylinder unit can act. This results in a number of corresponding to the expansion bodies Liquid piston-cylinder units and working piston-cylinder units connected to them saved.

Thus, space requirements and costs can be reduced.

The thermal losses occurring during operation are very low, on the one hand there are few moving parts, three moving pistons, and on the other hand no pressure energy storage with inevitably occurring compression heat losses is available. This improves the efficiency of the heat engine. One The efficiency of the heat engine is also improved by the Integration of a turbine into the overall system, as it has a very high level of its own Has efficiency in the range of 90 to 95%.

At the same time, through the use of a turbine, the services of any number of liquid-piston-cylinder units to one and the same Generator are passed on, so that its capacity can be very large. this is achieved in that a turbine is assigned a correspondingly large number of nozzles is, so that this turbine with pressure medium from a variety of working piston cylinder units can be applied. Using a turbine makes it extremely easy Way a very high speed of the generator connected to the turbine shaft achieved without using any kind of translation facilities have to.

The fact that the two working piston-cylinder units alternate are acted upon with hydraulic fluid, guarantees a constant and even Energy supply to the turbine and thus a uniform energy generation with one generator connected to the turbine.

It is advantageous that the two are not connected to the liquid-piston-cylinder unit connected ends of the two pressure medium lines formed as guide parts in which the peg-like parts of the working pistons are guided.

In such an embodiment there is interference-free guidance of the working piston ensures that this on the one hand in the area of its peg-like part and on the other hand in the area of its disk-like part Part is performed.

It is advantageous that the two pressure surfaces of the two peg-like Parts of the working piston are many times smaller than the pressure areas of the Piston from the liquid-piston-cylinder unit. The linear expansion of the temperature-dependent working expansion body is extremely when it is heated and cooled low, i.e. it is in the range of millimeters or less. To the To be able to use the work done by the expansion body in the process, the existing work must be used Change in length can be enlarged. The easiest way to do this is by one uses the principle of a hydraulic press in reverse, so that by a small displacement path of a large-area piston by means of a pressure medium line travels a long way to this coupled piston with a small working surface.

It is advantageous that the pressure chambers of the working piston-cylinder units serve as a storage tank for the hydraulic fluid with which the turbine can be acted upon.

In such an embodiment, no additional storage containers are required needed. This means that transport lines fall between the storage tank and the pressure chamber as well as assigned shut-off valves also gone. This is how space becomes and material saved.

It is advantageous that the working piston is preferably attached to the pressure surfaces opposite walls of the pressure chambers each have an outlet opening, whose cross-sectional area is preferably many times smaller than the pressure area the working piston. If the working piston is moved a distance of the length s, so a volume of hydraulic fluid is moved along with it, which turns out to be Product of the distance s and the working piston area F is calculated. This amount of volume will ejected from the pressure chamber in a period of time t. The smaller the cross-sectional area the outlet opening, the higher the outlet velocity must inevitably and thus the kinetic energy of the ejected print medium to be transmitted to a downstream turbine can be passed on.

It is advantageous that the pressure areas of the working pistons are the same are large and that the cross sections of the outlet openings are of the same size. on this way it is ensured that from different outlet openings always ejected the same amount of pressure medium per unit of time at the same speed and thus the same amount of energy is always available. So is a mode of operation broken down into cycles with constant energy consumption by the turbine possible.

It is advantageous that the outlet openings are designed as nozzles which are each provided with a check valve.

With the help of nozzles, a precisely directed jet of pressure medium is created possible, so that the turbine is acted upon with pressure medium at an exactly determinable point can be. The check valve mounted in the area of the nozzle prevents with an enlargement of the pressure chamber through the nozzle opening air into the same can be sucked into it.

It is advantageous that the liquid draining from the turbine is collected in a storage container and that the storage container means ie a transport line with the pressure chamber each of a working piston-cylinder unit connected is. In this way, a pressure medium circuit becomes a pressure chamber, Nozzle, turbine, reservoir, pressure chamber formed so that it is possible with one get by with a limited amount of hydraulic fluid. So there are no special ones Devices for supplying the pressure medium from the outside to the Heat engine necessary, which require additional space and additional costs would cause.

It is advantageous that each transport line has a check valve is provided. In such an embodiment it is guaranteed that in one Reduction of the pressure chamber only ejected through the nozzle provided for this pressure medium so that the turbine is acted upon with the entire ejected pressure medium will.

It is advantageous that the distance between the upper end point of the temperature-dependent working expansion body from the lower cylinder wall of the liquid piston-cylinder unit is fixed unchangeably. Such an embodiment guarantees that in a Change in length of the expansion body the hydraulic fluid of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit and not the cylinder of the same is moved.

It goes without saying that the distance between the liquid piston-cylinder units is a given of the working piston-cylinder units in a corresponding manner.

It is advantageous that the expansion body extends over the entire Area of its longitudinal extent is located in a working medium container which is in the Area of the lower edge of the expansion body is firmly closed and in the area of the upper edge of the expansion body open over its entire cross-sectional area In such an embodiment, all of the available Surface of the temperature-dependent expansion body with working medium applied. This means that the volume absorbed or absorbed by the expansion body per unit of time.

given heat energy as large as possible and thus its to the Liquid-piston-cylinder unit also delivered power.

It is advantageous that the bottom of the heating medium storage container and the bottom of the cooling medium storage tank is above the upper end of the temperature-dependent expansion body are located. In such a The embodiment guarantees that, if necessary, the whole is stored in the heating medium storage tank The amount of heating medium located and the total amount in the cooling medium storage tank Cooling medium quantity to the expansion body located in the working medium tank can be fed.

It is advantageous that the bottom of the Heizmediumsmmelbehälters and the bottom of the coolant collecting tank is at a distance from the lower end of the temperature-dependent working expansion body. In such an embodiment it guarantees with an appropriately chosen distance that the whole is in the working medium container Cooling medium liquid located there are absorbed by the cooling medium collecting tank can and that the entire heating medium liquid located in the working medium container can be taken from the heating medium collecting tank.

It is advantageous that between the heating medium storage tank and Cooling medium storage tank is a manifold, which is a direct extension represents the working medium container vertically upwards. Such an embodiment guarantees that the heating medium and the cooling medium in the working medium tank evenly be supplied distributed over its entire cross-section. This also becomes the expansion body itself evenly over its entire cross-section with the heating medium or cooling medium applied. However, this also means that the expansion valve is heated or cooled and thus an expansion and contraction evenly over the entire area its cross-section. A twisting or bending of the expansion body is thereby excluded. The expansion body is usually as a tube bundle educated, so that the largest possible surface is available with a small volume. Will the Expansion body evenly over its entire cross-section with heating medium or When the cooling medium is applied, the whole is within the expansion body located air from the inflowing heating medium or cooling medium to the outside from the Working medium container pushed out. This allows the heat transfer between expansion bodies and heating medium or cooling medium not affected by trapped air bubbles will.

It is advantageous that between the distributor space and the heating medium storage container a closing device which can be moved in the open position and in the closed position and one in the open position between the distribution space and the cooling medium storage container and there is a closing device which can be moved in the closed position.

Such an embodiment enables the working medium container to supply a corresponding amount of heating medium or cooling medium in the shortest possible time. This is the period of time that the temperature-dependent working expansion body required for heat energy absorption or for heat energy output, as small as possible held, so that the power delivered by it approximates the possible maximum value.

It is advantageous that the process of filling the working medium container with heating medium or cooling medium at the same time as the process of emptying the working medium container by heating medium or cooling medium. In such an embodiment the period of emptying the working medium tank and the period of filling of the Arbeitsmerlium container kept as low as possible. This is done by that the working medium flowing out of the working medium container by the weight of the working medium flowing into the working medium tank during the process of Outflie! 4, when it is accelerated. At the same time, however, the process of Accelerated flow of working medium into the working medium container. on this way becomes the Time period that the temperature-dependent working expansion bodies for absorbing or releasing heat energy required, kept as small as possible, so that the power delivered by it approaches the possible maximum value.

At the same time, the heat energy is absorbed or released roughly uniform, since the entire volume of the expansion body is not abruptly is heated or cooled, but an ever increasing volume fraction of the Expansion body heats up or cools down. This has the consequence that the expansion body contracts and expands roughly uniformly, so that the on the piston-cylinder units acting forces are always about the same and no longer between peak values on the one hand and the smallest values on the other hand fluctuate.

It is advantageous that the working medium container on its side lower edge has two openings through which heating medium and cooling medium can be fed to the corresponding collecting container and that the openings with closing devices, which are moved from a closed position to an open position and vice versa can be locked.

In such an embodiment, this is in the working medium container any heating medium or cooling medium to the appropriate collecting container as soon as possible feedable. This is the power consumption and at the same time the power output of the expansion body is influenced very favorably. It is important that the open position the closing devices are located above the openings to be closed, so that the closing devices during the emptying process of the working medium container with the working medium column of the to be emptied, which degrades from top to bottom Can move the working medium. This ensures that the working medium to be emptied is completely pressed out of the working medium container without the Working medium flowing into the working medium container in an uncontrolled manner from this can flow out.

Mode of operation The working medium container 11 is filled with cooling medium and the cooling medium has so much for the temperature-dependent expansion body 10 of thermal energy withdrawn that the temperature difference between the cooling medium and temperature-dependent expansion body 10 is negligibly small, the closing device 15 of the Heizmediumspeichers19 is simultaneously with the Closing device 18 of the working medium container 11 and suddenly from brought the closed position into the open position.

The cooling medium thus flows from the working medium container 11 into the on its upper side open cooling medium collecting tank 22. Simultaneously flees the heating medium from the heating medium reservoir 19 through the distributor space 13 into the working medium container 11 and presses with its column of liquid on the draining cooling medium and accelerates it as it drains.

At the same time, the temperature-dependent expansion body becomes 10 as soon as the cooling medium drains through the heating medium flowing in over heats up over an ever increasing length range and expands as a result the end.

If the liquid column of the cooling medium has a height that is only is slightly greater than the height of the opening 82, which is located in the open position Closing device 18 is released, then the closing device 18 moves according to the decomposition speed of the cooling medium column in the closed position. This guarantees that the entire amount of cooling medium is removed from the working medium tank 11 is transported into the Eühlmediumsammel tank 22 without heating medium out the working medium tank reaches the outside. Simultaneously with the closing device 18 of the working medium container 11 becomes the closing device 15 of the heating medium reservoir 19th brought into closed position. In contrast to the closing device 18, however, the closing device 15 is suddenly brought into the closed position. This guarantees that when the working medium tank is completely filled with heating medium 11 the deniers room 13 is completely empty.

The expansion of the warming up when the fluid flows out Expansion body 10 is danced by a transmission rod 31 on the piston 35 Transferred liquid-piston-cylinder unit 32 and thus the piston 55 moved by a certain distance in the expansion direction of the expansion body 10. At the same time, a certain amount of volume is in the pressure chamber 34 Pressure medium from the moving piston 35 out of the pressure chamber 34 and into the pressure medium line 39 is pressed in. Thereby, the peg-like part 41 becomes of the working piston 45 is acted upon by pressure medium on its pressure surface 43. In order to the piston 45 moves into the pressure chamber 51 of the working piston-cylinder unit 49 pressed in, wherein the pressure chamber 51 is reduced and a corresponding volume amount of pressure medium fluid is ejected through the nozzle 61. Here is the check valve 63 opened and the check valve 81 closed. With this ejected hydraulic fluid the turbine 75 is acted upon, whereby it is supplied with movement energy.

While the pressure chamber 34 is reduced in size by the movement of the piston 35 was, the pressure chamber 33 has increased by Hie movement of the piston 35. Through this pressure medium fluid was sucked from the pressure medium line 38 into the pressure chamber 33 and at the same time the working piston 44 with its pin-like part 40 in the pressure medium line 38 moved into it.

At the same time the pressure chamber 50 of the working piston-cylinder unit was created 48 enlarged and into the enlarging pressure chamber 50 through the transport line 68 from the storage container He sucked in 70 pressure fluid. The check valve 80 of the transport line 68 is open and the check valve 62 of Diise 60 closed.

If the expansion body 10 has withdrawn so much heat energy from the heating medium, dat 'the temperature difference between tieizmedium and expansion body 10 is negligible is small, the closing device 16 of the coolant reservoir 20 becomes at the same time with the closing device 17 of the working medium container 11 and suddenly brought from the closed position to the open position.

So that the heating medium flows from the working medium container 11 into the on its upper side open heating medium collecting tank 21. The flows at the same time Cooling medium from the cooling medium reservoir 20 through the distributor space 13 into the working medium container 11 and presses with its liquid column on the draining heating medium and accelerates this when it falls away.

At the same time, the temperature-dependent expansion body becomes 10 as soon as the heating medium flows away through the cooling medium flowing in cooled down an increasing length range and consequently pulls itself out -together, possesses the constantly decreasing liquid column of the heating medium a height which is only slightly coarser than the height of the opening 83, which is determined by the in Open position located closing device 17 is released, therein is the closing device 17 according to the degradation rate of the heating medium column moved to the closed position. This guarantees that the entire amount of heating medium transported from the working medium container 11 into the heating medium collecting container 21 is without cooling medium escaping from the working medium container 11 to the outside.

Simultaneously with the closure device 17 of the working medium container 11, the closing device 16 of the coolant reservoir 20 is in the closed position brought. In contrast to the closure device 17, the closure device is 16 but suddenly brought into the closed position. This guarantees that with The working medium tank 11, the distributor space 13, is completely filled with the cooling medium is completely emptied.

The contraction of the already when the heating medium drains away cooling expansion body 10 is from a transfer rod 71 on the piston 35 5 of the liquid piston-cylinder unit 32 transferred and is thus the piston 35 by a certain distance in the direction of contraction of the expansion body 10 moves. At the same time, a certain volume of the in the pressure chamber 33 is located pressure medium from the moving piston 35 from the pressure chamber 33 out and into the pressure medium line 38. This becomes the peg-like Part 40 of the working piston 44 on its pressure surface 42 with pressure medium fluid applied. Thus, the working piston 44 is in the pressure chamber 50 of the working piston-cylinder unit 48 pressed in, the pressure chamber 50 being reduced in size and a corresponding Volume amount of pressure medium fluid is ejected through the nozzle 60. Included the check valve 62 is open and the check valve 80 is closed. With The turbine 75 is acted upon by this expelled hydraulic fluid, whereby it is supplied with kinetic energy.

While the pressure chamber 33 is reduced in size by the movement of the piston 35 was, the pressure chamber 34 has enlarged. This caused hydraulic fluid to become fluid as the pressure medium line 39 is sucked into the pressure chamber 34 and at the same time the working piston 45 with its pin-like part 41 into the pressure medium line 39 moved into it. At the same time the pressure chamber 51 of the working piston-cylinder unit was created 49 enlarged and line in the enlarging pressure chamber 51 through the transport 69 from the reservoir 70 sucked hydraulic fluid. There was the check valve 81 of the transport line 69 is open and the check valve 63 of the nozzle 61 is closed C. the The invention is illustrated and explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. It shows: FIG. 1: A vertical section through the heat engine.

The vertical standing one is temperature-dependent Expansion body 10 within a working medium container 11, which at its lower End closed over the entire area of its cross-sectional area and at its upper end is open over the entire range of its cross-sectional area. Of the Expansion body 10 is in the area of its upper end 85 by means of a grid-like Fastening device 12 fastened to the working medium container 11. At the top At the end 85 of the expansion body 10, a distributor space 13 adjoins the working medium container 11 at. The left side of the distribution space 13 borders the heating medium storage tank 19 and with its right side to the cooling medium storage tank 20. Between the heating medium storage tank 19 and distribution space 13 there is a locking device 15 and between A closure device is located for the cooling medium storage container 20 and the distribution space 13 16. In the area of its lower edge, the working medium container 11 has two openings 83, 82, which can each be closed and opened by means of a closing device 17 and 18 are. Below the lower end 84 of the expansion body 10 closes on the left from the working medium tank 11 a heating medium collecting tank 21 and to the right of the working medium tank 11 a coolant collecting tank 22.

The heating medium storage container 19 is by means of the heating medium line 23 heating medium is supplied to the cooling medium storage container 20 by means of the cooling medium line 24 coolant supplied. From the heating medium collecting container 21 is made by means of the heating medium line 29 heating medium discharged. From the coolant collecting tank 22nd cooling medium is discharged by means of the cooling medium line 30.

The expansion body 10 is secured by means of a transmission rod 31 connected to the piston 35 of the liquid piston-cylinder unit 32, the has an upper truck space 33 and a lower pressure space 34. The piston 35 has a pressure surface 36 and a pressure surface 37. The cylinder of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit 32 has a lower cylinder wall 86. The liquid-piston-cylinder unit 32 is connected to the pressure medium line 38 and to the pressure medium line 39. The pressure medium line 38 opens into the pressure chamber 33 and the pressure medium line 39 opens into the pressure chamber 34. In the pressure medium line 38 is the pin-like Part 40 of the working piston 44 is guided. The pin-like part 40 has a Drucl = -fläche 42. In the pressure medium line 39 is the pin-like part 41 of the Working piston 45 guided. The peg-like part 41 has a pressure surface 43.

The working piston-cylinder unit 48 has a working piston 44 with a pressure chamber 46 and a pressure chamber 50, which has an outlet opening 64 with a nozzle 60 attached thereto. In this nozzle 60 is a non-return valve 62 integrated. In addition, the pressure chamber 50 has a further outlet opening 66 with a transport line 68 attached to it, in which a non-return valve 80 is integrated. The transport line 68 opens into the storage container filter 70.

The working piston-cylinder unit 49 has a working piston 45 with a pressure surface 47 and a pressure chamber 51, which has an outlet opening 65 with a nozzle 61 attached thereto. In this nozzle 61 is a check valve 67 integrated. In addition, the pressure chamber 51 has a wide outlet opening 67 with a transport line 69 attached to it, in which a check valve 81 is attached. The transport line 69 opens into the storage container 70.

At a certain distance from the two working piston-cylinder units 48, 49 a turbine 75 is attached, which is mounted on a drive shaft 76 is.

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Claims (7)

Claims 1. Heat engine, with at least one for conversion of thermal energy in mechanical work serving, temperature-dependent work Expansion body from and / or with a medium that is within a working temperature range draws together at a lower temperature with development of force and at a The upper temperature expands with the development of force, with a heating and cooling device for cyclical heating or cooling of the expansion body and with at least one, about. the translational movement of the expansion body can be driven in rotation Drive shaft, the expansion body mechanically with at least one preferably Pistons of a liquid-piston-cylinder unit that can be acted upon on both sides is coupled to move the piston in the same direction, d u r c h g e k e n n z e i n e t that at least two unilaterally and alternately with the hydraulic fluid of the liquid piston-cylinder unit (32) can be acted upon by the working piston (44,45) two working piston-cylinder units (48, 49) are provided, which by means of one pressure medium line (38, 39) each, each with a pressure chamber (33, 34) of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit (32) are connected that when the pressure space (50, 51) reducing displacement activity of the working piston (44.45) Hydraulic fluid from the pressure chamber (50,51) of the working piston-cylinder unit (48,49) is ejected and that at a displacement action of the working piston which increases the pressure space (50, 51) (44,45) Hydraulic fluid flows into the pressure chamber (50,51) of the working piston-cylinder unit (48,49) and that at least one with the ejected hydraulic fluid actable turbine (75) is provided which is attached to a drive shaft (76) is and works on this drive shaft (76). 2. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z E i c h n e t that the two are not connected to the liquid-piston-cylinder unit (32) connected ends of the two pressure medium lines (38,39) as guide parts are designed, in which the pin-like parts (40,41) of the working piston (44,45) are led. 3. Heat engine according to claim 1 and 2 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the two pressure surfaces (42, 43) of the two peg-like Parts (40, 41) of the working piston (44, 45) are many times smaller than the pressure surfaces (36,37) of the piston (35) from the liquid glass piston-cylinder unit (32). 4. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the pressure chambers (50, 51) of the working piston-cylinder units (48,49) serve as a storage tank for the hydraulic fluid with which the turbine (75) can be acted upon. 5. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that preferably on the pressure surfaces (46, 47) of the working piston (44,45) opposite walls of the pressure chambers (50,51) each have an outlet opening (64.65) is attached, whose cross-sectional area is preferably many times smaller is than the pressure surfaces (46,47) of the working piston (44,45). 6. Heat engine according to claim 5 d a d u r c 1 z e -k e n n shows that the pressure surfaces (46,4S?) of the working piston (44,45) are the same are large and that the cross sections of the outlet openings (64,65) are also the same are great. 7. Heat engine according to claim 5 and 6 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outlet openings (64, 65) are designed as nozzles (60, 61) which are each provided with a check valve (62,63). 8. Heat engine according to claim 4 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the liquid draining from the turbine (75) is in a storage container (70) is collected and that the storage container (70) each by means of a transport line (68.69) with the pressure chamber (50.51) each of a working piston-cylinder unit (48.49) is connected 9. llJärmekraftmaschine according to claim 8 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n notices that each transport line (68, 69) has a check valve (80, 81) is provided. 10. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the distance of the upper point (85) depends on the temperature working expansion body (10) from the lower cylinder wall (86) of the liquid-piston-cylinder unit (32) is fixed unchangeably. 11. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the expansion body (10) extends over the entire area its longitudinal extension is located in a working medium container (11) which is in the area of the lower andes (oil) of the expansion body (10) is tightly closed and in Area of the upper edge (85) of the expansion body (10) over its entire cross-sectional area is open. 12. Heat engine according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e - indicates, that the bottom of the Ileizmediumspeicherbehälters (19) and the bottom of the Kühlmediumspeic- erbehälters (0) are located above the upper end (85) of the expansion body (10). 13. Wärmekraftmas-zit according to claim 1 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n indicates that the bottom of the eizmediumsammelbehälters (21) and the bottom of the cooling medium collection container (22) is spaced from the lower end (84) of the expansion body (10) are located. 14. Heat engine according to claim 11 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that there is between the heating medium storage tank (19) and the cooling medium storage tank (20) a distributor space (13) is located, which is a direct extension of the working medium container (11) represents vertically upwards. 15. Heat engine according to claim 14 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that between the distributor space (13) and the heating medium storage tank (19) a closing device which can be moved in the open position and in the closed position (15) and between the distributor space (13) and the cooling medium storage container (20) an in Open position and locking device (16) which can be moved in the closed position are provided is. 16. Heat engine according to claim 12 to 15 d a d u r c h g e k e n e i h n e t that the process of filling the working medium container (11) with heating medium or cooling medium at the same time as the process of emptying the working medium container (11) takes place by heating medium or cooling medium. 17. Heat engine according to claim 11 d a d u r c h g e -k e n n indicate that the working medium container (11) at its lower side Edge has two openings (82, 83) through which the heating medium and cooling medium can be fed to the corresponding collecting container (21,22) and that the openings (82,83) by means of closing devices (18, 17) which move from a closed position into an open position and vice versa can be moved, can be locked.