DE2915837A1 - Mains rectifier has capacitor combined with diode - to form single integrated unit and with shared connections in housing - Google Patents

Abstract

The mains rectifier has at least one of its diodes connected to a capacitor with shared connections in a housing as a unit using known integrating techniques. Several such combined diode/capacitor units are combined with individual components (e.g. diodes) to form a bridge and located in a shared housing. The capacitor is a slid electrolyte tantalum capacitor (in chip form) and combined with the diode (Si crystal) and subsequently treated to produce a single integrated unit. Alternatively the capacitors in parallel with the diodes may be electrolytic and may form a combined capacitance with the charging capacitor in order to increase the bridge's efficiency.

Description

energy

Saving power rectifier arrangement Today, in the time of the drying up source of natural energy, it is the most urgent task to all imaginable Exploiting opportunities to save electrical energy. Millions smaller Consumers such as radios, televisions, hi-fi systems, electronic toys, etc. etc.

are operated by rectifiers from the general electricity network. With these, the efficiency of the electricity drawn is mostly sparingly dimensioned Devices are often very low. Any increase in efficiency, even if only slightly, results in view of the many millions of devices running almost continuously. an energy saving that means a sum in the millions and the Electricity plants as well as the economy would benefit.

After the original invention of the author (registration P 1934980.5) it is possible to increase the efficiency of full-wave rectifiers with charging capacitors easily achieve.

At that time, however, little attention was paid to this possibility, as there are still economical, inexpensive components with corresponding cheaper ones Technology was missing.

First the further development of the aforementioned registration and new ideas of the inventor enable a cost-saving, production-friendly, simple solution for use in countless electronic devices at no additional cost.

Load with the known full wave rectifier circuit according to Fig.1 the diodes 1 and 2 from both opposite phase voltages of the transformer 3 the capacitor 4 (called charging capacitor) loaded with the consumer 5. The most used bridge circuit (Graetz) according to Fig. 2 represents a further variant of the common funnel, which also loads the network with high peak currents in C operation before. If, however, as shown in FIG. 3, a capacitor is connected to each of the diodes 6 and 7 approx. 10 uF (until now only the diodes found small capacities protecting against ransient Use), the capacitor is attached to the non-conductive diode from the charging capacitor after the phase of the transformer voltage charge in order to carry out this charge in the following, leading time, correctly polarized and to switch the consumer. The electrical courses of the automatic switching mechanism as we know are from the properties of the components such as transformer leakage inductance, series resistances, Load current, etc.

addicted. According to which the values of the capacitors 6 and 7 to ensure maximum efficiency at a certain load. Since the capacity values are not critical, they can be divided into groups and the production of electrolytic capacitors has reached a high technical standard has prepared the way for integration or hybrid circuits to be practical Realize the use of the aforementioned possibilities.

From the voltage curve at the charging capacitor 4 - in Fig. 4 - with switched on Diode capacitances 6 and 7 shows that the new rectifier arrangement has several Advantages: a) Increase in the overall efficiency (cos ß higher, primary current smaller - up to 20% less); b) higher output voltage; c) Reduction of the current peaks from the network; d) better sieving (30% better); e) Protection against steep voltage drops (Transients).

The benefits of the combined improvements enable the dimensioning of components for the same performance results in a saving of copper in the transformer (primary current smaller, secondary voltage needs fewer turns) and up to to 30 * less smoothing capacities. These savings are enough to make small, additional ones To cover costs. - Another improvement is the integration of both Components: Diode 1 and capacitor 6 in a basic unit "capacitor-diode" (or diode capacitor), accommodated in the common housing 7, such as z0B. SOD-23 approx. 3mm thick, as usual for diodes. (Fig. 5) If necessary, e.g. The types 1N700X o.a. and for the capacitors are ideally modern tantalum electrolytic capacitors suitable with solid electrolyte. The interconnection happens in the highly developed Type of integration and hybrid technology. Another piecing together of whole Rectifier systems in integration and / or hybrid technology is shown in Fig. 3 from space, Cost and labor saving reasons very favorable.

In general, the worse the properties (eta and cos Fi) the original conical funnel system had, the more distinctive they are Improvements through new components and methods. Standard housing types, for example, are well suited for this purpose according to JEDEC, such as TO-72, TO-126, 0-202 and best TO-220 (Fig. 6). The usage of integrated rectifiers is very advantageous in conjunction with known Voltage regulators of the series e.g. 78XX and the like.

You only need the appropriate charging capacitor 4, its Capacity for the same smoothing can be up to 30% less than usual. Here offers According to the invention i for the charging, as at the same time also for the design of Parallel capacities a new, low-cost solution in capacitor production. According to FIG. 3, the capacitors 4, 6 and 7 are concerned, which are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 put together into one unit. The manufacture of electrolytic capacitor windings easily allows a short (approx. 1 turn long) film on both sides or insert isolated between the capacitor winding 4. According to the thought a charging capacitor version for higher voltages can also be when using two capacitors 9 and 10 connected in series, where according to Fig. 9 for the energy-saving, new circuit only needs one switching capacity ii, produce. This combined unit can be according to the one indicated in FIG Manufacture scheme. The combined capacitance according to FIGS. 9 and 10 shows a compromise solution, which are also suitable for the use of only conventional bridge rectifiers (without diode capacities) can be considered.

Notes on the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a conventional one Fully rectified circuit with transformer center version.

Fig. 2 full wave rectifier in bridge circuit.

Fig. 3 like Fig. 2 with capacitors connected to diodes 1 and 2 6 and 7.

Fig. 4 Primary current peaks (Ip) and rectified secondary voltage (Hum) at the charging capacitor 4 in FIG. 3.

Fig. 5 a) "Capacitor-diode" unit b) integrated in SOD-23 housing.

FIG. 6 Integrated or hybrid unit with 2 units according to FIG. 5 and additional 2 diodes like circuit Fig. 3 in 0-22G housing Fig. 7 a) Charging capacitor 4 connected to capacities 6 and 7 b) and c) Scheme for electrolytic capacitor winding (Longitudinal section through the film) according to a) (dashed: paper insulation roll) Fig. 8 Elko winding scheme with capacities 6 and 7 according to Fig. 7 b and 7 c Fig. 9 Charging Elko with additional capacity to series capacities 9 and 10 (for higher operating spawnings) Wiokellage ;! Fig. 10 End of the foils according to Fig. 9

Claims (6)

Claims: 1. Energy-saving power rectifier arrangement with Rectifier diodes in full wave and bridge circuits with charging capacitor, thereby characterized in that at least one of the diodes (1,2) have common connections in one housing, as a unit using well-known integrated technology a capacitor (6 or 7) is connected together 2. as cont., 1. characterized in that several integrated diode-capacitor units with further individual parts, e.g. 3. Diodes (according to Fig. 3.o.ä.) integrated in a bridge circuit, enclosed in a common housing are 3. as in Anpr.1.u.2.d, g that the capacitor used is a solid electrolyte tantalum capacitor (so-called. Chips) and is integrated with the diode (preferably a Si crystal) and, if necessary, follow-up is 4. As claims I.d.g. that to diode (s) in parallel switched capacitor (s) is an electrolytic capacitor that connects to the charging capacitor through additional, at least one film created, a unit-forming capacity combination (4; 6 and 7 in Fig. 7) in the energy-saving bridge rectifier circuit used degree of effectiveness increasing acts 5. as cont. 4. d.g. that the additional Foil (s) according to Fig. 7b); 7c) and Fig. 8) during the winding in the production between the usual foils are used to create a capacitor combination unit (with additional connection). 6. As claims 4.u.5., I.e. that the additional film (s) (11 in Fig. 10) in double-wound capacitor winding connected in series is used to achieve the energy-saving effect to ensure the appropriate rectifier circuit 7. As claims l, d, g "that according to claims 4. to 6. capacitor combinations that have arisen small Si diodes placed in or around the winding are connected to common connections beXwith the capacitors to form a unit, like hybrid circuit.