DE2851927A1 - DEVICE FOR THE SHAPE INSPECTION OF WORK PIECES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for geometrical or shape testing of workpieces with at least one surface of rotation with respect to a geometric axis / furthermore with a base or stand, one workpiece clamp or carrier and one mounted on the stand Reference device, further with measuring heads with measuring sensors which cooperate with the surface of revolution to determine the dimensions in to check diametrical directions, then with a support and positioning device for the measuring heads carried by the stand and displays associated therewith, the probes of the heads lying in a plane passing through this axis.

To understand the geometric or shape properties of workpieces To be able to measure precisely and quickly using measuring heads for linear dimensions, in addition to the heads, mechanical workpiece reference devices must also be used can be used (e.g. for a workpiece with surfaces of revolution with sufficient accuracy the be able to determine the geometric axis of rotation) as well as devices, which hold or tension the measuring heads in positions suitable for the measurement.

The construction of a measuring device for certain workpieces can be the starting point for mechanical constructions and other properties that are very different, depending on whether the test equipment is based on the manufacture of Components of the device with precise reference to a certain type of workpiece or whether it is based on the production of standardized parts that are suitable for the construction of devices that have very different

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be able to measure borrowed workpieces.

In the first case, the devices are usually extremely accurate and reliable, but their components are subject to high manufacturing costs and are by no means versatile.

In the second case, when corresponding standard parts are used to manufacture the devices, such as supports or base plates, consoles or holding devices, levers for gears, guides, etc., construction and assembly are often complicated and require special trained forces, the mechanical structure is very fragile and deformable and ultimately are a result of a significant number of gears, measurement accuracy and repeatability are usually very moderate.

Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a device for the shape inspection of workpieces with surfaces of revolution that consists of a large number of standardized components and is suitable for the production of completely different workpieces, whereby the time and cost of assembly and set-up are low and at the same time high measurement accuracy and repeatability are guaranteed are. According to the invention, a measuring device is also provided which simultaneously has different internal and external dimensions of the same Can measure workpiece even when the workpiece is rotating.

These and other advantages are achieved with one according to the invention Device, the support and adjustment devices of which have a number of side-by-side guides in a certain direction

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each guide having an associated group of measuring heads which is displaced in an axis perpendicular to the geometric axis, the sensors of the measuring heads remain in the same plane and the fixed one during the displacement Direction perpendicular to this plane.

The invention is explained in more detail below. Alb in the description Features and measures contained can ναι essential to the invention Be meaning. The drawings show:

1 shows the side view of an assembly drawing,

partly in cross section, of a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged plan view compared to FIG

a support and positioning plate of the measuring heads shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 4

of a carrier or clamping block of the device shown in the preceding figures with a view of the device at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the plane of FIG. 1, the scale also being opposite that of Fig. 1 is enlarged;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the structure shown in FIG.

The device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a base or stand T, on which an annular support or clamping block 2 is attached.

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Another ring-shaped carrier or clamping block 3 fastened on the clamping block 2 carries by means of three connecting elements 4 (only two of which are shown) a plate or crossbeam 5 of rectangular plan.

The crossbar 5 (Fig. 2) has three guide slots (6,7,8), in which a number of measuring heads can move in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the crossbar 5.

In the illustrated embodiment, eleven measuring heads (9-19) are shown. The heads 9-19 are with the help of through the slots 6,7,8 guided connecting screws 2o clamped on the crossbeam 5.

The screw heads are accessible from the underside of the crossbar 5.

The feet of the connecting elements 4 are in bearing seats 21 of the bearing block 3 stored (Fig. 3,4).

Four posts 22 carried by the bearing blocks 2, 3 run horizontally Attachments 23 with corresponding grooves 24 from.

The axes of the grooves 24 are paired according to two perpendicular straight lines aligned, which form 5 angles of 45 ° to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the crossbeam.

A tip 25 braced with the grooves 24 ensures the centering

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tion and forms a mechanical reference point for a workpiece 26; it also protects the fingers of the measuring heads 9,1o, 11,13,14,17,18, which are arranged in the top. The tip has two opposing slots from which the ends of the fingers protrude.

The stand 1 carries a post 27 on which a swivel arm is arranged with a handle 29 at one of its ends. In the arm 28 a hole is formed which on its top through a plate 31 is completed and at its bottom in a conical locking surface 32 ends.

In the hole 3o is a movable pin 33 with a tapered end portion 34 arranged. A spring 35 is located between the plate and the conical part 34.

Another Baüsil is a small cylinder 36 with a plate 37, with axial adjustment devices, not shown, with the pin 33 is braced.

A ring 38 is attached to the plate 37. The ring 38 has Carbide inserts 39, which rest on the upper part of the workpiece 26 with a certain pressure. The workpiece is in others Carbide inserts 4o mounted, which are attached to the tip 25.

A ring 41 arranged on the outer cover 42 is braced with the supports 23 (or with the tip 25), and it serves as protection

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for the measuring sensors (contacts) and the arms 4 of the measuring heads 12, 15, 16, 19 arranged on the outside of the tip 25.

A terminal block 43 serves as a connection between its connector pins and the cables of the measuring heads 9-19, of which only the cable 44 is shown, and between the contact pins and the cables, of which only cable 45 is shown, which are led to a sensor processing and display unit 46.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that up to four measuring heads can be arranged in each of the slots 6, 7, 8. The measuring heads for the one shown Device consist of three types: for measuring the outer diameter (heads 12,15,16,19), the inner diameter (heads 13,14,17, 18) and for depth measurement (heads 9,1o, 11).

In addition, the heads differ in terms of the shape of their fingers, e.g. the extensions parallel to the guides 6,7,8 can have; the shape of the fingers also depends on the arrangement of the cross-sections, from which measurements are made as well also from the arrangement of the heads.

The heads arranged in the outer slots 6, 8 have measuring fingers with sections or parts extending in a direction perpendicular to the slots. In this way it can be guaranteed that all measuring head sensors, i.e. contacts, always lie in a vertical plane ("measuring plane") through the axis of the central slot 7 and through that of the workpiece

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runs (when the nose 25 opposite the crossbar 5 and the workpiece 26 is properly centered).

This geometric arrangement ensures that the two pairs of sensors of the heads 13, 14, 17, 18 are aligned along the two inner diameters of the workpiece 26, and the two sensors of the measuring heads 12, 15 and 16, 19 are aligned along the two outer diameters.

With the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the workpiece 26 is rotating, all internal diameters can be divided into two sections and all outside diameters can be measured in two other sections and by further processing the signals others can Shape properties are checked, whereby any possible out-of-roundness, impacts, angular errors and the like are detected can.

The depth test - in the case of the device shown in the figures -, i.e. the measurement of the height of the workpiece 26 is indirect with the help of the measuring heads 9, To, 11 according to the explanation given below carried out. The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows:

Depending on the theoretical shape of the workpiece 26 determines the number of measuring heads and the number of fingers of the measuring heads.

Also the ring 38, the plate 37 _f, the tip 25 and the ring 41

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- 12 are manufactured according to the shape properties of the workpiece 26.

The zero position of the measuring heads for the axial dimensions (in order to move the sensors to positions that correspond to the cross-sections, on which various measurements must be carried out) can even be carried out before the heads are mounted on the crossbeam 5 because the height of the supports 2 3 with respect to the crossbar 5 is known.

The measuring buttons preferably used speak independently of the Length of the fingers and are e.g. measuring heads with movable pantograph guides for the arms.

Then the measuring buttons are installed in the slots 6,7,8 and the tip 25 is placed on the supports 23, centered and clamped.

To find the correct positioning of the tip 25, the Signals from two measuring heads (e.g. heads 17, 18) are used, if a sample or a copy pattern is already at the tip. Then the tip is clamped so that the measuring plane is a diametrically opposite plane. The measuring heads are then roughly set to zero in the radial direction by they are shifted in the slots 6,7,8 until the display value is approximately zero.

After the heads have been clamped onto the crossbeam 5, it becomes electrical

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- 13 carried out a fine zero.

Finally, the working positions of the plate 37 and the Ring 38 adjusted. Then you can start testing a series of workpieces 26 to be started.

The workpiece 26 to be measured is placed on the tip 25. By When the handle 29 is actuated, the arm 28 rotates, whereby the plate 37 with the ring 38 is lowered. While the ring 38 to Tip 25 is moved towards, the conical part 34 is in contact with the conical surface 32. This is an alignment of the Axis of the ring 38 with that of the tip 25 ensured when the inserts 39 come into contact with the workpiece 26. To this Correct insertion of the nose 25 into the ring 38 is also ensured.

When the inserts 39 contact the surface of the workpiece 26, the conical part 34 decreases from the conical surface 32, and the inserts 39 come due to the pressure of the spring 35 with a corresponding Pressure in firm contact with workpiece 26.

The lower surface of the plate 37 is aligned parallel to the plane, which runs through the three points of the workpiece 26 with the Deposits 39 are in contact.

Thus it is obvious that the measuring heads 9,1o, 11 signals in Dependence on the distance between the plane determined by the inserts 39

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release from the level determined by the deposits 4o, i.e. the signals show the deviation of the actual height of the workpiece from its target height.

The workpiece 26 can be rotated by hand to perform the tests as it rotates.

The connecting elements 4 have a flexible part, so on the transverse beam 5 fine stresses due to possible loads on the stand 1 or the carrier 2, 3 are transmitted.

The open and closed positions of the arm 28 and other possible ones Intermediate positions are determined by corresponding stops, not shown.

It is obvious that most of the components of the device are standardized can be so that it can be used for testing different types of workpieces can be used.

When the weight and shape properties of the workpiece to be measured are such that correct positioning relative to the tip is ensured without the need for pressure, which is exercised by the inserts 39 attached to the ring 38, and if no indirect depth tests need to be carried out, As already described, the device can be used without post 27, arm 28 and the components carried by it are carried out. Under certain circumstances, special measuring

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heads are mounted. In individual cases, the sensors can also be used outside the above-described measuring plane work.

Another arrangement can provide for the use of measuring heads, those on one or more bearings or supports guided by the arm 28 are mounted.

It is obvious that the number of guide slots for the measuring heads, the maximum number of measuring heads that can be accommodated in a slot, the minimum internal dimensions as well as the maximum measurable external dimensions etc. depending on the construction and the desired field of application different Can have values.

In any case, the device offers besides those already described Advantages the possibility of obtaining many measuring points without limited dimensions of the arrangement.

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Claims (11)

Claims 1.) Device for checking the shape of workpieces with at least one surface of rotation opposite a geometric axis, with a dispenser, a workpiece clamp and with mounted on the stand mechanical reference devices, furthermore with measuring heads equipped with sensors, which with the rotation surface for dimensional measurement cooperate in a diametrically opposite direction, further with devices for storage and positioning the measuring heads carried by the stand, then with display devices connected to the measuring heads, the sensors of the measuring heads lie in a plane running through the axis, thereby characterized in that the storage and adjustment devices comprise a number of guides (6,7,8), which side by side in one are arranged in a certain direction, further in that each guide (6,7,8) has an associated group of measuring heads (12-19) carries and their displacement in a to the geometric axis 909824/0702 ORIGINAL 2351927 allowed vertical axis, then by the fact that the sensors of the measuring heads (12-19) during the displacement in this plane remain and finally by the fact that the particular direction is perpendicular to this plane. 2. Device according to ι lspruch 1, characterized in that the in guides (6,3), which form external offset axes with respect to the vorb ^ ichneten plane, mounted measuring heads (16-19) for measuring the dimensions in diametrically opposite directions include movable fingers which carry the associated sensors and extend in directions opposite to the respective offset axes and in that the sensors for direct contact consist of contacts (43). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, in which the workpieces to be measured have a bore, an inner surface of rotation and an outer surface of rotation concentric to the bore, characterized in that, that the bearing and mechanical reference device has a center point (25) to be inserted into the hole (3o) to be so that the workpiece (26) to carry out the shape test along the entire circumference of the cross-sections of the can rotate surfaces perpendicular to the geometric axis about the geometric axis. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, the measuring heads of which comprise movable fingers carrying the sensors, the fingers consisting of direct contact sensors exist, characterized in that the measuring sensitive 909824/0702 speed of the measuring heads (12-19) is essentially independent of the length of the fingers. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the plane in which the sensors lie is vertical and that the axes of the guides (6,7,8) are horizontal Form level. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the bearing and Adjusting device comprises a crossbar (5) and the guides slots (6,7,8) formed in this crossbar (5) are. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the measuring heads (12-19) Connecting screws (2o) for fastening in the slots (6,7,8) include * 8. Apparatus according to claim 1,2,3,5,6, characterized in that the bearing and adjusting device has three flexible connecting pieces (4) has that between, carrier, bearing block (2,3) and the crossbeam (5) and the storage device are arranged, then in that the mechanical reference device from the carrier and Bearing block (2,3) supported rests (22,23,24) comprises to position and clamp the tip (25). 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the supports comprise four vertical posts (22) which support the associated 909824/0702 carry horizontal supports (2 3) along two vertical axes, also in that the crossbeam (5) between the posts (22) is arranged and has a geometric axis which lies in this plane and relative to the vertical axis 45 is inclined. 10. Apparatus according to claim 3 and 5, wherein the workpiece is a planar Surface, characterized in that it comprises a pressure and movable reference device (28-38) to with the cooperate upper flat surface of the arranged on the tip (25) workpiece (26), further by the fact that it adapts itself to the position on the flat surface in order to generate a setting pressure for a workpiece (26). 11. Apparatus according to claim 1o, characterized in that it also Measuring heads (9,1o, 11) for depth measurement, further characterized in that these measuring heads (9,1o, 11) are connected to the printing and reference device (37) cooperate to measure the axial dimensions of the workpiece (26) indirectly. 909824/0702