DE2842007A1 - Quadratic force detector with rotationally symmetric characteristics - uses two opposing coils in diode bridge - Google Patents

Quadratic force detector with rotationally symmetric characteristics - uses two opposing coils in diode bridge

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Publication number
DE2842007A1
DE2842007A1 DE19782842007 DE2842007A DE2842007A1 DE 2842007 A1 DE2842007 A1 DE 2842007A1 DE 19782842007 DE19782842007 DE 19782842007 DE 2842007 A DE2842007 A DE 2842007A DE 2842007 A1 DE2842007 A1 DE 2842007A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
force
coil
current
coils
rotationally symmetric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19782842007
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German (de)
Inventor
Amin Dipl Ing Mirahmadi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MIRAHMADI AMIN
Original Assignee
MIRAHMADI AMIN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MIRAHMADI AMIN filed Critical MIRAHMADI AMIN
Priority to DE19782842007 priority Critical patent/DE2842007A1/en
Publication of DE2842007A1 publication Critical patent/DE2842007A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R17/00Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge
    • G01R17/02Arrangements in which the value to be measured is automatically compared with a reference value
    • G01R17/06Automatic balancing arrangements
    • G01R17/08Automatic balancing arrangements in which a force or torque representing the measured value is balanced by a force or torque representing the reference value
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/28Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by drag-force, e.g. vane type or impact flowmeter

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

The quadratic force detector has a rotationally symmetric characteristic. One coil is connected to a moving lever arm and a second coil is wound around the central limb of a fixed electromagnet. The first coil is connected in series with a diode bridge network and the second coil lies between the bridge corners which form the second diagonal. When the lever moves a position detector drives a regulator which injects a current into the bridge circuit. This generates a compensating force between the two coils whose magnitude is proportional to the square of the current and whose sign is determined by the current direction in the series coil. This can provide a directly proportional measure of the volume flow past a measuring orifice using a pressure sensor disc with a balancing beam connected to the regulator.

Description

Titel : Quadratisches Kraft-Stellglied mit drehsymmetrischerTitle: Square force actuator with rotationally symmetrical

Kennlinie. Curve.

Anwendungsgebiet : Die Erfindung kann in der Meß- und Regelungstechnik als Stellglied bei der Kraft- und Momentenkompensation eingesetzt werden, insbesondere in Kraftmeßgeräten, die eine quadratische Kennlinie haben müssen (Wirkdrucktransmitter, Staudrucktransmitter, Stauscheibendurchflußmesser, Stromwaage).Field of application: The invention can be used in measurement and control technology be used as an actuator in the force and torque compensation, in particular in force measuring devices that must have a square characteristic (differential pressure transmitter, Dynamic pressure transmitter, baffle plate flow meter, current balance).

Zweck : Die Erfindung soll eine quadratische Beziehung zwischen der mechanischen Größe "Kraft und der elektrischen Größe "Strom" so bilden, daß eine drehsymmetrische Kennlinie entsteht. Stand der Technik mit Fundstellen Die zwischen zwei von demselben elektrischen Strom durchflossenen Spulen wirkende anziehende Kraft F ist proportional zum Quadrat des die beiden Spulen durchfließenden elektrischen Stroms i.Purpose: The invention aims to establish a quadratic relationship between the mechanical quantity "force" and the electrical quantity "current" form so that a rotationally symmetrical characteristic is created. State of the art with references The between two coils through which the same electric current flows Force F is proportional to the square of the electrical current flowing through the two coils Current i.

F - i2 (Bild 1, Kurve A) Dieses Gesetz wird zur Radizierung des quadratischen Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Differenzdruck und dem Durchfluß eines strömenden Mediums meßtechnisch genutzt (deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 57 90 50). Kritik des Standes der Technik Ein Regelkreis, der ein Stellglied mit dieser Kennlinie enthält, wird instabil, wenn der elektrische Strom sein Vorzeichen umkehrt, denn ein Wechsel des Betriebszustandes von dem rechts von der Ordinate (Bild 1, Kurve A) verlaufenden Kurvenast zu dem links von der Ordinate verlaufenden wirkt auf den Regelkreis mitkoppelnd.F - i2 (Fig. 1, curve A) This law is used to extract the square root Relationship between the differential pressure and the flow rate of a flowing medium used for measurement purposes (German patent specification No. 57 90 50). Criticism of the state of the Technology A control loop that contains an actuator with this characteristic becomes unstable when when the electric current reverses its sign, because there is a change in the operating state from the branch of the curve running to the right of the ordinate (Fig. 1, curve A) to the to the left of the ordinate has a positive effect on the control loop.

Eine Verbesserung der Stabilität des Regelkreises wird erhalten, wenn die Kraft-Strom-Kennlinie entsprechend Bild 1, Kurve B verschoben wird (deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 81 38 98). Für sie gilt der nicht mehr rein quadratische Zusammenhang zwischen der Kraft F und dem elektrischen Strom i F ~ j2 - c i ; c = const. (Bild 1, Kurve B) Auch hier gilt, daß der Regelkreis instabil wird, wenn der elektrische Strom sein Vorzeichen umkehrt, in diesem Fall negative'Werte annimmt.An improvement in the stability of the control loop is obtained when the force-current characteristic is shifted according to Figure 1, curve B (German Patent No. 81 38 98). The no longer purely quadratic relationship applies to them between the force F and the electric Current i F ~ j2 - c i ; c = const. (Fig. 1, curve B) Here too, the control loop becomes unstable, if the electric current reverses its sign, in this case negative 'values accepts.

Stellglieder mit dem beschriebenen Zusammenhang zwischen Kraft F und elektrischem Strom i sind zum Einsatz in selbstkompensierenden Meßgeräten, mit denen Kräfte gemessen werden sollen, denen eine Pulsation überlagert ist, aus regeldynamischen Gründen ungeeignet. Actuators with the described relationship between force F and electrical current i are for use in self-compensating measuring devices, with which forces are to be measured, which are superimposed by a pulsation, from dynamic control Unsuitable for reasons.

Aufgabe : Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Verwendung des beschriebenen Kraftgliedes eine drehsymmetrische Kraft-Strom-Kennlinie zu erzeugen, um die Regeldynamik zu verbessern.Task: The invention is based on the task of using to generate a rotationally symmetrical force-current characteristic of the described force element, to improve the control dynamics.

Lösung : Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zwei vom selben elektrischen Strom durchflossene Spulen gewählt werden, von denen eine in eine Umkehrschaltung einbezogen ist, so daß eine zwischen den beiden Spulen wirkende Kraft F erzeugt werden kann, die zum Quadrat des die beiden Spulen durchfließenden elektrischen Stroms i und dessen Flußrichtung proportional ist, so daß gilt F v j2 sign i (Bild 2) Hierdurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, trotz einer quadratischen Stromabhängigkeit der Kraft F positive wie negative Kraftwirkungen F zwischen den beiden vom selben Strom i durchflossenen Spulen zu erzeugen, so daß sich die beiden Spulen in einem Fall anziehen, im anderen abstoßen. Weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung :Die Berücksichtigung der Flußrichtung des elektrischen Stroms gelingt dadurch, daß eine der beiden Spulen in ein aus Schaltern bestehendes Netzwerk so einbezogen wird, daß der elektrische Strom diese Spule unabhängig von seiner Flußrichtung stets in derselben Richtung durchfließt, während die andere Spule in Abhängigkeit von der Flußrichtung des elektrischen Stroms durchflossen wird. Die Schalter können Dioden oder mittels Vorzeicheninformation gesteuerte elektronische Schalter sein, die eine der beiden Spulen einschließen. Dies ist in Bild 3 dargestellt. Bei Verwendung von Dioden wird das quadratische Kraft-Stellglied mittels einer spannungsgesteuerten Stromquelle versorgt, um die Schwellspannung der Dioden unwirksam zu machen. Dies ist in Bild 4 dargestellt. Erzielbare Vorteile Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen in der Möglichkeit, die Dynamik von Regelkreisen, die ein quadratisches Kraft-Stellglied der beschriebenen Art enthalten, zu verbessern. Das Stellglied ist zur Erzeugung positiver wie auch negativer Kräfte einsetzbar.Solution: This object is achieved according to the invention in that two the same electric current flowing through coils can be selected, one of which is included in a reverse circuit, so that one acting between the two coils Force F can be generated, which is the square of the flowing through the two coils electric current i and its direction of flow is proportional, so that F v applies j2 sign i (Fig. 2) This results in the possibility of despite a square Current dependence of the force F positive as well as negative force effects F between the two coils through which the same current i flows, so that the two Attract coils in one case, repel in the other. Further embodiment of the invention : The direction of flow of the electric current can be taken into account by that one of the two coils is included in a network consisting of switches is that the electric current this coil regardless of its direction of flow always flows through in the same direction, while the other coil depending on the direction of flow of the electric current is traversed. The switches can Diodes or by means of sign information controlled electronic Be switches that enclose one of the two coils. This is shown in Figure 3. When using diodes, the square force actuator is controlled by means of a voltage Power source supplied to make the threshold voltage of the diodes ineffective. this is shown in Figure 4. Achievable Advantages The advantages achieved with the invention consist in the possibility of the dynamics of control loops, which are a quadratic Force actuator of the type described included to improve. The actuator can be used to generate positive as well as negative forces.

Das Stellglied ist für kompensierende Kraftmeßgeräte mit pulsierender Kraftkompensation geeignet.The actuator is for compensating force gauges with pulsating Suitable for force compensation.

Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in Bild 5 dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.Description of an exemplary embodiment An exemplary embodiment of The invention is shown in Figure 5 and is described in more detail below.

An einem Waagebalken, der in ein Rohr hineinragt, befindet sich eine Stauscheibe. Auf diese übt das durch das Rohr fließende Medium eine Staukraft aus. Die Staukraft ist proportional zum Quadrat des Volumens des Mediums, das pro Zeiteinheit durch das Rohr strömt. Durch die Staukraft wird der Waagebalken um den Lagerpunkt gedreht. Der Drehwinkel wird mit einem Lagesensor erfaßt und über einen Regler zum Spannungs-Strom-Wandler übertragen. Dieser speist das Kraft-Stellglied so, daß Kraftgleichgewicht zwischen der vom Stellglied bewirkten Kraft und der Staukraft entsteht. Der Drehwinkel wird hierdurch vollständig kompensiert. Wegen des quadratischen Zusammenhangs zwischen kompensierender Kraft und elektrischem Strom ist bei Kraftgleichgewicht der elektrische Strom ein direktes lineares Maß für das Volumen des pro Zeiteinheit durch das Rohr strömenden Mediums. Bei Strömungspulsation bleibt der Regelkreis wegen der drehsymmetrischen Kennlinie des Kraft-Stellgliedes stabil. Falls sich im Rohr kein strömendes Medium befindet, ist der Arbeitspunkt des Gerätes identisch mit dem Koordinatenursprung der drehsymmetrischen Kennlinie des Kraft-Stellgliedes. Der Regelkreis ist ebenfalls stabil.There is one on a balance beam that protrudes into a pipe Baffle plate. The medium flowing through the pipe exerts a damming force on this. The damming force is proportional to the square of the volume of the medium per unit of time flows through the pipe. Due to the damming force, the balance beam is around the bearing point turned. The angle of rotation is detected with a position sensor and via a controller to the Transmit voltage-current converter. This feeds the force actuator so that force equilibrium between the force caused by the actuator and the damming force. The angle of rotation is thereby fully compensated. Because of the quadratic relationship between compensating force and electrical current is electrical in the case of force equilibrium Current is a direct linear measure of the volume of per unit time through the pipe flowing medium. In the case of flow pulsation, the control loop remains due to the rotationally symmetrical Characteristic curve of the force actuator stable. If there is no flowing medium in the pipe the operating point of the device is identical to the coordinate origin the rotationally symmetrical characteristic of the force actuator. The control loop is also stable.

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Claims (1)

Patentansprüche Oberbegriff : Quadratisches Kraft-Stellglied mit drehsymmetrischer Kennlinie. Claims preamble: Square force actuator with rotationally symmetrical characteristic. Kennzeichnender Teil : @ , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei krafterzeugende Spulen vom selben elektrischen Strom durchflossen werden und eine der beiden Spulen in ein Schalter-Netzwerk einbezogen ist, so daß eine drehsymmetrische Kraft-Strom-Kennlinie entsteht.Characteristic part: @, characterized in that two force-generating The same electric current flows through coils and one of the two coils is included in a switch network, so that a rotationally symmetrical force-current characteristic arises. daduch gekennzeichnet, daß sich eine der beiden Spulen feststehend in einem eisengeschlossenen System befindet und ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, in dem die zweite Spule bewegt wird. characterized by the fact that one of the two coils is stationary is located in a closed iron system and creates a magnetic field in which the second coil is moved. 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schalternetzwerk durch eine Dioden-Vollbrücke realisiert wird. 3 characterized in that the switch network by a diode full bridge is realized. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels Stromsteuerung die Schwellspannung der Dioden unwirksam gemacht wird. characterized in that the threshold voltage by means of current control the diodes is rendered ineffective.
DE19782842007 1978-09-27 1978-09-27 Quadratic force detector with rotationally symmetric characteristics - uses two opposing coils in diode bridge Withdrawn DE2842007A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782842007 DE2842007A1 (en) 1978-09-27 1978-09-27 Quadratic force detector with rotationally symmetric characteristics - uses two opposing coils in diode bridge

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DE2842007A1 true DE2842007A1 (en) 1980-05-08

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0026715A2 (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-04-08 The Bendix Corporation Drag flow meter
DE2941192A1 (en) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-23 Amin Dipl.-Ing. Mirahmadi Automatic calibration of baffle plate flowmeter - using sequential compensation current measurement with fixed and moving plate
DE3622902A1 (en) * 1986-07-08 1988-01-21 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Method and device for determining the injection volume of a jet of fuel per injection interval

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0026715A2 (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-04-08 The Bendix Corporation Drag flow meter
EP0026715A3 (en) * 1979-10-01 1984-04-04 The Bendix Corporation Drag flow meter
DE2941192A1 (en) * 1979-10-11 1981-04-23 Amin Dipl.-Ing. Mirahmadi Automatic calibration of baffle plate flowmeter - using sequential compensation current measurement with fixed and moving plate
DE3622902A1 (en) * 1986-07-08 1988-01-21 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Method and device for determining the injection volume of a jet of fuel per injection interval

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