DE283677C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE283677C DE283677C DENDAT283677D DE283677DA DE283677C DE 283677 C DE283677 C DE 283677C DE NDAT283677 D DENDAT283677 D DE NDAT283677D DE 283677D A DE283677D A DE 283677DA DE 283677 C DE283677 C DE 283677C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- air
- mine
- thermal conductivity
- examined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
- G01N27/18—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested
- G01N27/185—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested using a catharometer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
KLASSE 42/. GRUPPECLASS 42 /. GROUP
insbesondere von Grubengas.especially of mine gas.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zum Anzeigen von fremden Gasen in der Luft, insbesondere zum ständigen Anzeigen von Grubengas, auf der Grundlage der Änderung des Wärmeleitvermögens der Luft durch die Gasbeimengungen. Leitet man die auf ihren Grubengasgehalt zu untersuchende Luft kontinuierlich an einem elektrisch ge-The invention relates to a method and a device for displaying foreign gases in the air, especially for the constant display of mine gas, based on the Change in the thermal conductivity of the air due to the addition of gas. If you manage the air to be examined for its mine gas content continuously on an electrically
, heizten Hitzdraht bekannter Ausführungsform, heated hot wire of known embodiment
ίο vorbei, so wird je nach dem Methangehalt des strömenden Gases die Temperatur und damit der elektrische Widerstand des Drahtes verändert ; wenn man also den letzteren mit Hilfe einer Wheatstoneschen Brücke usw. bestimmt, kann man fortlaufend z. B. an dem an die Brücke angeschlossenen Meßinstrument unmittelbar den Gehalt an Grubengas ablesen. Die größere oder geringere Kühlung des Hitzdrahtes ist aber nicht nur abhängig von der Änderung des Wärmeleitvermögens des Gases, sondern auch von dessen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit. Da es schwierig ist, die Geschwindigkeit dauernd auf demselben Wert zu halten, eliminiert man deren Einwirkung auf das Meßergebnis in bekannter Weise dadurch, daß man ein Vergleichsgas anderen Wärmeleitvermögens mit genau gleicher Geschwindigkeit an einem zweiten genau symmetrischen Hitzdrahtsystem vorbeiführt, das einen dem ersten benachbarten Zweig einer Wheatstoneschen Brückenanordnung bildet.ίο over, depending on the methane content of the flowing gas, the temperature and thus the electrical resistance of the wire is changed; so if one determines the latter with the help of a Wheatstone bridge, etc., one can continuously z. B. read the content of mine gas directly on the measuring instrument connected to the bridge. The greater or lesser cooling of the hot wire is not only dependent on the change in the thermal conductivity of the gas, but also on its flow velocity. Since it is difficult to keep the speed constantly at the same value, its effect on the measurement result is eliminated in a known manner by passing a reference gas with a different thermal conductivity at exactly the same speed past a second, precisely symmetrical hot wire system, which is a branch adjacent to the first a Wheatstone bridge arrangement.
Die Schaffung eines solchen Vergleichsgases macht jedoch große Schwierigkeiten. Man könnte daran denken, das Vergleichsgas, z. B. Kohlensäure, aus einer Bombe zu entnehmen. Es wäre dann aber praktisch schwer ausführbar, jede Geschwindigkeitsänderung des zu untersuchenden Gases auch auf das Vergleichsgas in einwandfreier Weise kontinuierlich zu übertragen. However, the creation of such a reference gas presents great difficulties. Man could think of it as the reference gas, e.g. B. carbonic acid, to be taken from a bomb. However, it would then be practically difficult to carry out every change in speed of the one to be examined To continuously transfer the gas to the reference gas in a perfect manner.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird das Vergleichsgas ständig aus der zu untersuchenden Luft selbst dadurch gewonnen, daß der durch den Apparat geführte Luftstrom in zwei Teile geteilt wird und in der einen der beiden Leitungen durch einen Katalysator, z. B. fein verteiltes Silber, bzw. Palladium, Iridium oder Platin in geeigneter Form, oder ein Oxydationsmittel, z. B. Silber-, Kupfer-, Quecksilberoxyd oder Superoxyde, der Gehalt an Grubengas fortwährend aus der Luft entfernt wird. Das so gewonnene Vergleichsgas erfüllt alle oben angeführten Bedingungen. Jede Änderung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der dem Apparate zugeführten Grubenluft beeinflußt beide Teile in gleicher Weise; auch hat das Vergleichsgas durch die Zerstörung des Methans eine geringere Wärmeleitfähigkeit als die Grubenluft, wozu noch als besonders günstig für die Empfindlichkeit der Hitzdrahtmessung der Kohlensäuregehalt des bei der Oxydation resultierenden Gases hinzukommt, da durch ihn die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Vergleichsgases noch geringer wird als diejenige, der reinen methanfreien Luft. Als besonders zweckmäßig zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens hat sich die katalytische OxydationAccording to the invention, the reference gas is constantly derived from the air to be examined itself obtained by dividing the air flow passed through the apparatus into two parts and in one of the two lines through a catalyst, e.g. B. finely divided silver, or palladium, iridium or platinum in a suitable form, or an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. Oxides of silver, copper, mercury or super oxides, the content of mine gas continually removed from the air. The reference gas obtained in this way fulfills all of the above conditions. Any change in the flow rate of the pit air supplied to the apparatus affects both parts equally Way; the reference gas also has a lower thermal conductivity due to the destruction of the methane than the pit air, which is particularly beneficial for the sensitivity of the hot-wire measurement of the carbonic acid content of the when the resulting gas is oxidized, it increases the thermal conductivity of the reference gas is even lower than that of the pure methane-free air. As special Catalytic oxidation has proven expedient for carrying out this process
des Methans mit Hilfe von in besonderer Weise gewonnenem, fein verteiltem Silber erwiesen, welche bei etwa 400 ° leicht vor sich geht. Diese Temperatur liegt mehr als 300 ° unter der. Ent-Zündungstemperatur von Methanluftgemischen; Explosionsgefahr ist daher völlig ausgeschlossen.of methane with the help of finely divided silver obtained in a special way, which is easy at about 400 °. This temperature is more than 300 ° below the. Ignition temperature of methane air mixtures; The risk of explosion is therefore completely excluded.
In Fig. ι der Zeichnung ist eine EinrichtungIn Fig. Ι the drawing is a device
zur Ausführung des Verfahrens schematischto carry out the process schematically
dargestellt. An der Öffnung F tritt das zu untersuchende Gas durch ein Staubfilter ein und teilt sich in zwei Ströme, von denen der eine unmittelbar über einen Temperaturausgleicher T zu dem einen Hitzdrahtsystem H1 strömt, während der andere den Oxydationsofen O, sodann ebenfalls den Ausgleicher T und das zweite Hitzdrahtsystem H2 durchströmt. S bezeichnet einen Strömungswiderstand zum Abgleichen-der durch beide Hälften gehenden Gasmengen und P eine Saugpumpe, die fehlen kann, falls der Apparat an eine Stau vorrichtung angeschlossen wird. Der Oxydationsofen O ist ein kleiner, elektrisch geheizter Ofen geeigneter. Form, in welchem sich der Katalysator bzw. das' Oxydationsmittel befindet. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, liegt hinter dem Ofen die Trockenvorrichtung C zum Auffangen des bei der Oxydation gebildeten Wassers, bestehend aus einer Glaskugel mit unten angebrachtem Hahn und dahinter befindlichem Chlorkalziumrohr. Der Heizstrom für den Ofen O und die Hitzdrähte wird, wie aus der Fig. 1 ebenfalls hervorgeht, zweckmäßig durch ein dreiadriges Kabel zugeführt; die Hitzdrahtsysteme ΗΛ und H2 bilden zwei benachbarte Zweige einer Wheatstoneschen Brücke oder können auch an ein Differentialgalvanometer angelegt werden, dessen geeichte Skala den Prozentgehalt der Grubenluft an Methan jeweilig angibt. Der Temperaturausgleicher T, in welchem beide Gase auf die gleiche Temperatur gebracht werden, besteht aus einem Kupferblock mit zwei sich kreuzenden Röhrensystemen, von denen jedes von dem einen Gas durchströmt wird, wie Fig. 2 noch besonders zeigt.shown. Occurs at the aperture F to be examined gas through a dust filter and is divided into two streams, one of which to the one Hitzdrahtsystem H 1 flows directly over a temperature balancer T, while the other the Oxydationsofen O, also then the balancer T and the second hot wire system H 2 flows through. S denotes a flow resistance for balancing the gas quantities passing through both halves and P denotes a suction pump, which may be missing if the apparatus is connected to a storage device. The oxidation furnace O is a small, electrically heated furnace that is more suitable. Form in which the catalyst or the oxidizing agent is located. As can be seen from the drawing, the drying device C for collecting the water formed during the oxidation is located behind the furnace, consisting of a glass ball with a tap attached below and a calcium chloride pipe located behind it. The heating current for the furnace O and the hot wires is, as can also be seen from FIG. 1, expediently supplied through a three-core cable; the hot wire systems Η Λ and H 2 form two adjacent branches of a Wheatstone bridge or can also be connected to a differential galvanometer, the calibrated scale of which indicates the percentage of methane in the pit air. The temperature equalizer T, in which both gases are brought to the same temperature, consists of a copper block with two intersecting tube systems, each of which is flowed through by one gas, as FIG. 2 particularly shows.
An Stelle der in Fig. 1 skizzierten Anordnung kann auch, wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt wird, eine Kombination von. 2 Geschwindigkeitsmessern (Patent 242038) gebraucht werden; man würde alsdann auch die Geschwindigkeit im Stollen gleichzeitig messen können. Heiz- und Meßstrom werden dann durch ein fünfadriges Kabel zugeführt.Instead of the arrangement sketched in FIG. 1, a combination, as shown in FIG. 3, can also be used from. 2 speedometers (patent 242038) are needed; one would then can also measure the speed in the tunnel at the same time. Heating and measuring currents are then fed through a five-core cable.
Claims (4)
Publications (1)
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ID=539233
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE740940C (en) * | 1939-02-10 | 1943-11-04 | Hugo Junkers Werke G M B H | Method and device for determining the content of a gas or gas-vapor mixture of a certain component |
DE965666C (en) * | 1944-01-20 | 1957-06-13 | Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luftfahrt | Portable exhaust gas tester for both stationary and mobile Otto engines |
US3224838A (en) * | 1961-12-05 | 1965-12-21 | British Petroleum Co | Gas testing |
-
0
- DE DENDAT283677D patent/DE283677C/de active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE740940C (en) * | 1939-02-10 | 1943-11-04 | Hugo Junkers Werke G M B H | Method and device for determining the content of a gas or gas-vapor mixture of a certain component |
DE965666C (en) * | 1944-01-20 | 1957-06-13 | Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luftfahrt | Portable exhaust gas tester for both stationary and mobile Otto engines |
US3224838A (en) * | 1961-12-05 | 1965-12-21 | British Petroleum Co | Gas testing |
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