DE2822990C2 - Loading device for vertical lathes - Google Patents

Description

50

The invention relates to a loading device for vertical lathes, consisting of at least a charging device and at least one in operative connection with the charging device Magazine for receiving several disc-shaped, machined or unmachined workpieces, in particular Railway wheels.

Loading devices of this type are known, e.g. B. from DE-OS 14 77 208. Such a system is required however, there is a lot of space and only has relatively little storage capacity. An additional disadvantage lies in the fact that the entire loading device is shut down while the magazine is being loaded must to prevent a transport movement of the magazine during loading. After Up to now, a special design of a magazine has also been established for each type of loading created so that a stockpiling of assemblies was impossible, thereby delivery time and economy production (and thus price) are adversely affected.

The invention is based on the object of providing a loading device of the type mentioned at the beginning to create, which are independent of the workflow and has unloadable magazines with increased storage capacity, takes up less space and one Has construction according to the modular principle

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a loading device of the type mentioned at the beginning solved in that each magazine has a plurality of partial magazines arranged around a common center point for receiving several similar, disk-shaped workpieces, these Part magazines together around a vertical axis running through a common center point in predetermined Angular positions are designed to be rotatable.

This makes it possible to always have a partial magazine with a sufficient supply of workpieces from the loading device to turn, while the remaining part of the magazine turned away from the loading device, undisturbed by their Work, can be loaded or unloaded.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the part magazines together and / or are arranged individually adjustable in height. This allows a simple adaptation of the charging device to different workpiece diameters - as far as the disc-shaped workpieces are stored essentially vertically in the magazine - because the loading device is now not for each Workpiece must move up and down, but the workpiece is offered at the correct height The lifting movement of the magazine only needs to be carried out once. The charging device can thereby can be considerably reduced in their construction and control costs and requires less There is no need for travel. The independent height adjustability the partial magazine is necessary when the amount of workpieces for the Loading device is not the same as the height in the z. B. the forklift loading a part of the magazine Workpieces - e.g. B. for security reasons - delivered under the mentioned height adjustability should the multiple height adjustability in small steps can also be understood. Such a height adjustment is advantageous when the disc-shaped workpieces are not essentially perpendicular in the Part of the magazine are arranged, but are stacked flat on top of each other as a column. It can then after Removal of the top workpiece by the loading device the corresponding partial magazine - or all part magazines at the same time - are raised so far that the next workpiece of the loading device can be offered again in the same amount.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the part magazines, based on the common vertical axis are designed to be radially displaceable independently of one another. Through this it is possible to bring the workpieces towards the loading device. A horizontal movability of the loading device can then be omitted. As a result, the structural effort for the charging device can be high can be reduced, as the mobility of the loading device - especially with overhead constructions - is much more difficult to control than shifting the part magazines.

Supplementary sheet to patent specification No. 28 22 990

26.B3.87

AI. B 23 B size 15/00 issued on. Secondary class B 23 B size 5/28 secondary class B 23 Q size 7/04

Patent 28 22 990 has been partially declared null and void by a final judgment of the Federal Patent Court of October 2nd, 1986, that claims 1 and 4 are given the following new wording:

V ^ Loading device for the loading of vertical lathes with railway wheels, consisting of at least one loading device arranged outside the magazine with at least one gripping arm, with at least one workpiece receiving device and at least one magazine, which is in operative connection with the loading device, for receiving several processed or unprocessed railway wheels, thereby It is shown that each magazine (16, 17, 18, 19, 70) has several partial magazines (20, 21) arranged around a common center point for receiving several similar railway wheels (25) in mutual contact, which are designed to be rotatable on a common Support plate (22, 23) are arranged and are designed to be rotatable in predetermined angular positions about an axis (26, 27, 28, 29) running vertically through the common center point.

4 ^ device according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the Part magazines (20, 21) are arranged in a star shape on the support plate (22, 23),

and the reference back to claim 6 in "1, 2 and 4" is corrected.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention can be found in sub-appeals 4 to 7.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, which only show exemplary embodiment c will. It shows

F i g. 1 processing system with loading device in front view,

Fig. 2 Processing system with loading device in plan view,

Fig. 3 Height-adjustable magazine with radially adjustable Part magazines,

F ί g. 4 vertical lathes and loading device, each with a magazine for input and output,

F i g. 5 arrangement as in FIG. 4, but with only one Magazine for input and output.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a wheel manufacturing system is shown, consisting of 2 Vertical lathes 1 and 2, each with a loading device 3 and 4 for the on and Removal of the wheels are in operative connection. Each loading device 3 or 4 is via a trolley 5 or 6 movable, which runs on rails arranged overhead. The gripping arm 8 or 9 of each Loading device 3 or 4 has opposite workpiece receiving devices 10 and 11 or 12 and 13 on. In these workpiece receiving devices 10, 11, 12, 13, the workpiece can be rotated by 90 ° or 180 ° are rotated about an axis 10a or 11a or 12a or 13a running radially through the workpiece. Everyone Gripping arm 8 or 9 is rotatable about its vertical axis 14 or 15 and in the direction of the vertical axis 14 or 15 arranged to be movable. Each charging device 3 or 4 is in operative connection with at least one Magazine 16 or 17 or 18 or 19.

In the following, the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings will now be described in more detail explained.

In Fig. 5, a magazine 16 is shown in which A plurality of partial magazines 20 are arranged in a star shape on a support plate 22. The part magazines 20 are Lö: bar connected to the support plate 22 via bolts 31. The support plate 22 is supported by a bearing 32 on a Base plate 34. The support plate 22 is located over the outer ring 33 of the bearing 32, which has a toothing rotatable via the geared brake motor 35. The base plate 34 is via a flange 36 with the Piston rod 37 of a pressure medium cylinder 38 is connected. The base plate 34 is protected against rotation a slide flag 41 secured in a mounted on the outside of the pressure cylinder 38 Groove strip 40 slides The slide flag 41 is located on a console 42 which supports the geared brake motor 35 The pressure medium cylinder 38 is supported on the foundation 39 from. One of the individual magazines 20 is with unprocessed workpieces 25 - in the exemplary embodiment with Railway wheels - loaded. The workpieces 25 are disk-shaped and are essentially perpendicular in mutual contact. The workpieces 25 are the Loading device 3 offered, which is moved laterally on the rails 7 via the trolley 5, until the gripping arm 8 can grasp the first workpiece 25 via the workpiece receiving device 10. After this this first workpiece 25 is grasped the entire gripper 8 of the loading device 3 is raised so far, that the workpiece 25 in the horizontal position on the chuck of the vertical lathe 1 by turning of the gripping arm 8 can be pivoted about the vertical axis 14. Before such When pivoting takes place, the workpiece 25 is first pivoted about the axis 10a into the horizontal position After the workpiece 25 has been picked up, pivoted to the horizontal and lifted the loading device 3 moves back sideways to its starting position. Simultaneously, before or after the gripping arm 8 is pivoted about the axis 14 by 90 ° such that now in the starting position of ίο loading device 3 the workpiece over the clamping device the vertical lathe 1 then floats the workpiece from the loading device 3 through Lowering the gripping arm 8 in the clamping device of the vertical lathe I has lowered before if a finished workpiece is found there, see above this was previously done by the workpiece receiving device 11 from the clamping device of the vertical lathe 1 taken. After the situation described so far, the gripper 8 is now perpendicular to Representation in FIG. 5 and the workpiece receiving device 11, soft a finished workpiece in horizontal position protrudes from the plane of the picture. The workpiece holding device 10 is now released from the workpiece and the gripping arm 8 moves upwards again, so that the workpiece receiving device 10 is released from the workpiece. The gripping arm 8 is then pivoted again by 90 ° in the same way Sense of rotation, so that;, and more the workpiece holding device 11 in the direction of the magazine 16 shows the workpiece is now about the axis Ua in the Vertical swiveled and the loading device moved sideways into the storage position. Before the charger 3 moves into the storage position, however, the gear brake motor 35 is actuated and the support plate 22 is actuated and thus the magazine part 20 arranged on this rotates until the workpiece receiving device 11 an empty partial magazine 20 or one capable of receiving machined workpieces is opposite This position is reached by a camshaft

The 43 determined when actuated by the cam 44 switches off the geared brake motor 35. There are four such magazines 20 in a cross shape on the support plate 22 arranged so two magazines can be filled with blanks and the other two part magazines can be left blank for the inclusion of finished workpieces. This is how the Lathe a large number of workpieces to be machined available, which - in the smallest of spaces housed - depending on the scope of work even the

in this way, the working time of an entire shift can be taken up. The machine can therefore handle the entire Working day without intermediate loading or unloading, since the corresponding ones are also used Storage spaces are available.

If 20 workpieces with different diameters are used the next time the individual magazines are loaded (in F i g. 5 the largest possible workpieces are shown), the center position of these workpieces is lower. The gripping arm 8 of the loading device 3 must then go down to pick up a workpiece wetter than by default. The downward bob for the workpiece pick-up then also differs from the downward jack for the workpiece storage in the machine. To be repetitive, unnecessary Stroke paths of the gripper arm 8 - which mean loss of energy and loss of time - are therefore to be avoided According to the invention, the support plate 22 and thus all of the individual magazines 20 arranged on it in the

Embodiment raised so far until the old center position of the workpieces is reached again To achieve this, the valve 47 is brought into switching position 1 and from the pump 45 via the line 46 through the releasable check valve 48 and further over the line 49 into the cylinder chamber 50 of the Cylinder 38 pressurized oil is pumped as a result of the piston 54, the piston rod 37 and thus the magazine 16 moved upwards The base plate 34 connected to the piston rod 37 via the flange 36 is on attached to the underside a cam ledge 51, on which cams 52 are arranged, the distance between them the various possible workpiece diameters are taken into account The switching of the valve 47 in switching 1 is activated by inputting the workpiece throughput into the system control 59 causes, whereby the cam 52 assigned to the entered workpiece diameter is activated at the same time - that means for the cam switch 53 made recognizable - is so that if during the upward stroke of the magazine 16 of the corresponding activated cam 52 actuates cam switch 53, valve 47 returns to switching position 0 In this way, the position of the center line of the workpieces can be switched back independently always be kept at the same height by the workpiece diameter. This allows the stroke of the Greifannes 8 of the loading device 3 are minimized, so that time, energy and control costs are saved can be. If a workpiece diameter is entered into the system control 59 that is greater than that previous workpiece diameter - this can be recognized by the system control - so it must Magazine 16 can be lowered accordingly. For this purpose, the system control, the valve 47 is in the Switching position 2 is switched, as a result of which the pressurized oil supplied by the pump 45 via the lines 46 and 56 is passed into the cylinder space 57. At the same time, the pressure of the pressurized oil unlocks in the Line 56, the releasable check valve 48, so that the oil from the cylinder chamber 50 via the line 49 through the releasable check valve 48 and through valve 47 via the flow control valve 55 back into the Tank 58 can flow. The resistance of the quantity register 55 simultaneously ensures that in the line 56 a sufficiently high pressure to unlock the check valve 48 is always maintained.

The production output of such a system can, however, be increased significantly when using two magazines 16 and 17 per vertical lathe 1. This is the following with reference to the example of FIG explained in more detail

The structural design of the magazine 17 is identical to that of the magazine 16, which in the Description of Fig.5 has already been explained. That Same good for the loading device 3 and the vertical lathe 1. Also the functionality of loading device 3, vertical lathe 1 and magazine 16 or 17 is as already described. Only changes when using two magazines 16, 17 for each vertical lathe 1 the workflow. Therefore, this modified workflow will now be described in more detail.

It SOD must first be assumed that the Workpiece is to be finished on both sides on the vertical lathe machine 1, a division of labor between several machines is not carried out. It continues for the sake of simplicity assumed that the loading device 3 is in the position shown in Figure 4, in the Vertical lathe 1 there is a workpiece that has been finished on one side and the workpiece receiving devices 10 and 11 of the gripping arm 8 are empty. It is also assumed that all part magazines 20 of the magazine 16 are filled with unprocessed workpiece blanks and an empty one on the other side Magazine 17 of the same type is available

The loading device 3 first moves to the left until the workpiece receiving device 10 has a workpiece 25 can accommodate. The workpiece 25 is picked up, raised by the gripping arm 8 and around the axis 10a pivoted 90 "into the horizontal. At the same time, the loading device 3 is moved back into the starting position.

The gripping arm 8 now swivels to the left (turning points of the gripping arm are always viewed from above valid) and takes with it the workpiece that is located in the vertical lathe 1 and has been finished on one side of the workpiece receiving device 11. The gripping arm 8 is now pivoted back to the right by 90 ° and at the same time the workpiece located in the workpiece receiving device 11 by 180 ° around the Axis 11a turned Now the gripping arm 8 pivots 90 ° back to the left and places the turned Re-insert the workpiece into the vertical lathe 1. After finishing the processing of the second side the gripper arm 8 pivots again 90 ° to the left and picks up the finished workpiece. Thereafter the gripping arm is swiveled 180 ° to the right so that the workpiece blank picked up at the beginning can now be inserted into the machine 1 from the workpiece pick-up side. This is followed by a 90 ° pivoting of the gripping arm 8 to the left with a simultaneous 90 ° pivoting of the finished workpiece, which is located in the workpiece receiving device 11 around the Axis 11a The loading device 3 moves to the right to the magazine 17 and places the finished workpiece in a partial magazine 20 of the magazine 17 and moves back into the starting position shown in Figure 4. Of the The work cycle starts again.

It can of course vertical lathes with loading devices according to the type of Figure 5 or Fi g 4 can be put together in groups. In Fig. 1 such a compiled system can be seen in the front view, which is like a system according to Fig.5 works It is according to Fig. 1 to each Vertical lathe 1 or 2 only assigned one magazine 16 or 18. The magazines 16 and 18 are, like in the description of FIG. 5 already described, rotatable about the vertical axis 26 and 28, so that the Loading device 3 or 4 always the required partial magazine 20 can be offered. In Fig. 2 is the Top view of a system according to FIG. 1, but magazines 17 and 19 are also used here Such a system can work in the manner just described for FIG. 4, but it can a division of labor between vertical lathes 1 and 2 can also be made, that every vertical lathe can only be machined on one or the other side of the Workpiece carries out In this way, the loading times can be reduced and thus the overall cycle time shortened. A system according to Figure 2 in The division of labor works faster than two plants that are simply placed next to one another

according to Fig. 4. The workflow in division of labor at a system according to Figure 2 will be described in more detail below. The initial requirement is the same requirement as already described for FIG. The charging devices 3 and 4 lead the same movement sequences, which, however, can be shifted against each other in time. Starting from In the initial situation described, the loading devices 3 and 4 move to the left until the workpiece receiving devices 10 and 12 remove a workpiece from the Magazine 16 or 18 can be removed. A workpiece is removed, lifted and taken at the same time Return movement of the loading devices 3 and 4 to their starting position about the axes 10a and 12a by 90 ° in pivoted the horizontal position. Thereafter, the gripping arm 8 or 9 is pivoted 90 ° to the left and The machined workpiece is removed from the vertical lathe 1 and 2 via the workpiece receiving devices U and 13, respectively. After that, the Gripping arm 8 or 9 pivoted through 180 ° to the right and that in the workpiece receiving devices 10 and 12, respectively The workpiece located in the vertical lathe i or 2 is then rotated Gripping arms 8 or 9 by 90 ° to the left with simultaneous pivoting of the in the workpiece holding device 11 or 13 located workpiece by 90 ° around the axis 11a or 13a in the vertical position. Then drives the loading device 3 or 4 from the trolley 5 or 6 moves to the right and places the workpiece on a free space in the magazine section 20 in the magazine 17 or 19 away. The loading device 3 or 4 then moves back to the starting position and the work cycle is repeated themselves. If a removal part magazine is empty or a receiving part magazine is empty, the relevant Magazines 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 rotated about the vertical axis 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 until an empty or full partial magazine is in the working position. In each magazine there is 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 a part magazine in the working position, the remaining part magazines can be undisturbed by the workflow of the entire system can be loaded or unloaded. They are easily accessible and keep their position for a long time Time at.

In a system according to FIG. 2 it can be beneficial instead of the two magazines 17 and 18 with partial magazines in a 3-way arrangement, a single magazine To be used with part magazines in a cross-shaped arrangement of 4. With this arrangement, a decanting Partially machined workpieces from magazine 17 to magazine 18 are omitted because there is only one pivoting of the magazine with partial magazines in a cross-shaped manner Arrangement by 180 ° is required to offer partially machined workpieces to the right system and the left Create a new, still empty partial magazine. At tincr in A system that works with a division of labor can have such a magazine with partial magazines arranged in a cross shape Simplify the workflow because reloading is no longer necessary

The use of movable loading devices is also structurally complex. The use of stationary charging devices can in many cases be quite desirable. This can also be achieved with a slight change in the magazines, in of the kind as in FIG. 3 shown A magazine of the type shown in Figure 3 is shown in more detail below explains the basic function of the magazine according to FIG. 3 with regard to the rotary movement and the possibility of Lifting is described, including the associated control, as well as for Fig. 5. At a Magazine according to Figure 3, however, the support plate 22 is exchanged for a support plate 23, which radially extending guides 24 has for receiving the

s also changed individual magazines 21. The individual magazines 21, which are held in the guides 24 and Are displaceably guided, have a drive device 30 with which the individual magazines 21 along the guides 24 can be moved radially.

ίο The size of the displacement is determined by Cam 61, which are arranged on a cam bar 60 at a distance from one another that corresponds to the corresponds to the desired displacement path, the cams 61 being controlled by the system control 59

ts can be and the controlled cam when approaching the cam switch 62 actuates this cam switch 62, which a corresponding switching of the Valve 63 triggers A valve 63 can be used provided that the drive means 30 is a piston-cylinder unit If the individual magazine 21 is caused to move outwards, the valve 63 is moved into the switching position 1 for this purpose, as a result of which the pressure oil supplied by the pump 45 through the Check valve 64 via line 6> flows into the cylinder space 66 Since the piston and piston rod of this cylinder mi. the support plate 23 connected are, sict * thereby moves the relevant individual magazine 21 until the system control 59 controlled cams 61 actuate the cam switch 62 and thereby the valve 63 into the switching position 0 is switched back. The oil displaced from the cylinder chamber 67 flows via the line 68 via the Quantity regulator 69, with which the Verfahrgeschwindig speed can be adjusted, back to the tank 58. Desired the direction of movement of the individual magazines 21 be reversed, then only the valve 63 is in the Switch position 2 to switch. The check valve 64 is to prevent the cylinder 38 inadvertently the

Drive device 30 influenced

The respective workpiece to be picked up can be transferred to a stationary loading device via the drive device 30 and the controller connected to it be met. The loading device must so no longer pick up the workpiece. The one for this The effort required is obviously much less than the effort required for movable loading devices. The cam ledge 60 provides in conjunction with the cam 61 and the cam switch 62 in

So cooperation with the system control 59 for the corresponding step-by-step, radial further transport of the single magazine 21 from workpiece to workpiece. Of course, this can also be achieved if the disc-shaped workpieces in the individual magazines 20 and 21 are not essentially vertical, but are sorted horizontally as a column on top of one another. In this case, the phased transport, the now has to take place upwards, taken over by the cylinder 38, the upward movement of the on the cam bar 51 arranged cams 52 in cooperation with the cam switch 53 and the System control 59 is controlled. The magazines can be used with stationary as well as with movable loading devices are used, allow both a vertical and a horizontal arrangement of the disc-shaped workpieces are without interruption of the work process loadable and unloadable and easily accessible and

have a greatly increased storage capacity despite the small amount of space required. You are in theirs Execution form by adding, omitting or Exchange of standardized components and assemblies for a wide variety of operating conditions in easily adaptable.

See S sheet drawings

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Loading device for vertical lathes, consisting of at least one charging device and at least one, in operative connection s with the loading device standing magazine for receiving several disc-shaped, machined or unprocessed workpieces, in particular railway wheels, characterized in that that each magazine (16, 17, 18, 10, 70) has a plurality of partial magazines arranged around a common center point (20, 21) for holding several disk-shaped workpieces of the same type (25), these sub-magazines about a vertical through the common center point '5 extending axis (26, 27, 28, 29) are designed to be rotatable in predetermined angular positions. 2 device according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial magazines (20,21) together and / or are arranged individually adjustable in height. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partial magazines (20, 21) designed to be radially displaceable independently of one another in relation to the common vertical axis are. 4. Device according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the partial magazines (20, 21) a common, rotationally drivable support plate (22, 23) are arranged in a star shape. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the support plate (23) extending radially Has guides (24) for each partial magazine (21) and which are arranged on the support plate (23) Part magazines (21) with drive devices (30) for displacement along the guides (24) are equipped. 6. Device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the part magazines (20) are radially immovable, but releasably connected to the support plate * ° (22). 7. Device according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the support plate (22, 23) can be driven in rotation is mounted on a rotatably arranged base plate (34) and the base plate (34) with a Lifting device is equipped