DE2818155A1 - Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmium - Google Patents
Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmiumInfo
- Publication number
- DE2818155A1 DE2818155A1 DE19782818155 DE2818155A DE2818155A1 DE 2818155 A1 DE2818155 A1 DE 2818155A1 DE 19782818155 DE19782818155 DE 19782818155 DE 2818155 A DE2818155 A DE 2818155A DE 2818155 A1 DE2818155 A1 DE 2818155A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- metal
- immersion
- preheated
- resistance heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0034—Details related to elements immersed in bath
- C23C2/00342—Moving elements, e.g. pumps or mixers
- C23C2/00344—Means for moving substrates, e.g. immersed rollers or immersed bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
- C23C2/004—Snouts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
verfahren zum Überziehen von Metallbändern mit Metallschich-process for coating metal strips with metal layers
ten in einem entsprechenden schmelzflüssigen Metallbad" Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überziehen von Metallbändern mit Metallschichten in einem entsprechenden schmelzflüssigem Metallbad, bei dem das Metallbad nach einer Entfettungs-, Beiz-, Spül- und einer Flußmittelbehandlung vor dem Eintauchen in das Bad erwärmt wird. Es handelt sich dabei um Verfahren zum sogenannten Feuerverzinken, Feuerverbleien, Feuerkadmieren usw. th in a corresponding molten metal bath "The Invention relates to a method for coating metal strips with metal layers in one corresponding molten metal bath, in which the metal bath after degreasing, Pickling, rinsing and a flux treatment heated before immersion in the bath will. These are processes for so-called hot-dip galvanizing, hot-dip lead, Fire Cadmia, etc.
Bei diesen bekannten Verfahren wird das Band, beislielsweise ein Stahlband, in der Regel einer Entfettungs-, Beiz- und einer anschließenden Spülbehandlung unterzogen. Danach kann eine Flußmittelbehandlung erfolgen, wenn nicht das Bandrnaterial in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre behandelt wird. Zur Vorwärmung wird das Stahlband beispielsweise bei einem Feuerverzinkungsverfahren in einem elektrisch-, gasoder ölbeheizten Ofen auf eine Temperatur von 2000 C vor dem Einlaufen in das Bad gebracht. Bei der relativ langen notwendigen Aufheizzeit können höhere Temperaturen des Bandes nicht verwirklicht werden, da die üblichen Flußmittel den höheren Temperaturen über eine längere Zeitdauer hinweg nicht widerstehen. Nach der Ilauptbehandlung durchläuft das Bad bei geforderten engen Toleranzen der Beschichtung Abstreifeinrichtungen und anschließend eine Kühleinrichtung.In these known methods, the belt, for example a steel belt, usually subjected to a degreasing, pickling and subsequent rinsing treatment. Then a flux treatment can be carried out if not that Tape material is treated in a reducing atmosphere. Is used for preheating the steel strip, for example, in a hot-dip galvanizing process in an electrically, gas or oil heated furnace to a temperature of 2000 C before entering the Bath brought. With the relatively long heating time required, higher temperatures can occur of the tape can not be realized because the usual flux the higher temperatures not withstand for a long period of time. After the main treatment passes through the bath with the required tight tolerances of the coating wiping devices and then a cooling device.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bei einem Verfahren der genannten Art ohne Glühbehandlung des Bandes die Vorerwärmung zu vereinfachen.The object of the invention consists in a method of the above Kind to simplify preheating without annealing the strip.
Zur lösung dieser Erfindungsaufgabe wird das Band direkt durch eine elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung erwärmt, wobei das zu beschichtende Band über eine Stromleitwalze in das an Masse gelegte Bad geführt ist.To solve this problem of the invention, the tape is directly through a heated electrical resistance heating, the tape to be coated over a Stromleitwalze is performed in the ground bath.
Infolge der durch diese Beheizung relativ kurzen Aufheizzeit und dem darauf sofort erfolgenden Eintauchen in das Beschichtungsbad kann das Band erfindungsgemäß auch nach der Flußmittelbeschichtung auf Temperaturen oberhalb der Badtemperaturen erwärmt werden. Innerhalb dieser kurzen Zeit tritt eine nennenswerte Schädigung der Flußmittelschictlt nicht auf.As a result of the relatively short heating time and the Immediately following immersion in the coating bath, the tape can according to the invention even after the flux coating to temperatures above the bath temperatures be heated. Within this short period of time, a notable one occurs damage the flux does not open.
Zusätzlich kann der widerstandsbehexte Bandabschnitt vor dem Eintauchen in das Bad durch einen isolierenden Schutzkanal, vorzugsweise mit einer Schutzgasatmosphäre, geführt werden.In addition, the resistance-capped tape section can be removed prior to immersion into the bath through an insulating protective channel, preferably with a protective gas atmosphere, be guided.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt darin, daß eine einseitige Beschichtung des Bandes ermöglicht wird, in dem das Metallband nach dem Überlaufen der Stromleitwalze an einer Seite miteiner die Metallbeschichtung sperrenden, flüssigkeitslöslichen Isolierschicht und an der anderen Seite mit einer Flußmittelschicht beschichtet wird. Nach dem Durchlaufen des Bades ist nur eine Seite des Bandes mit einer Metallschicht beschichtet. Die Isolierschicht kann in einfacher Weise wieder gelöst werden. Als Isolierschicht eignet sich beispielsweise bei Zinkbeschichtungen Wasserglas und verschiedene Öle.A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that that a one-sided coating of the band is made possible in which the metal band after overflowing the current guide roller on one side with one of the metal coating blocking, liquid-soluble insulating layer and on the other side with a Flux layer is coated. After going through the bath there is only one Side of the belt coated with a metal layer. The insulating layer can be in can easily be solved again. A suitable insulating layer is, for example in the case of zinc coatings, water glass and various oils.
Sowohl die Flußmittelschicht als auc die Isolierschicht können mit sogenannten Rollcoatern aufgebracht werden. Die Isolierschicht verhindert mit Sicherheit die Benetzung der nicht mit Metall zu beschichtenden Seite in der Metallschmelze. Da diese Bandseite nur kurze Zeit erhitzt wird und keine mechanischen Bandführungselemente berührt1 genügen einfach aufzubringende Isolierbeschichtungen.Both the flux layer and the insulating layer can with so-called roll coaters are applied. The insulating layer certainly prevents the wetting of the side that is not to be coated with metal in the molten metal. Because this side of the tape is only heated for a short time and no mechanical tape guide elements simply applied insulating coatings are sufficient.
Die erfindungsgemäße Widerstandsbeheizung erfordert lediglich den Einsatz ansich bekannter Stromleitwalzen und die elektrische Masseverbindung des Beschichtungsbades. Die bisher üblichen Öfen entfallen, wodurch sich nicht unerhebliche Reduzierungen der Investitionskosten für derartige Anlagen ergeben.The resistance heating according to the invention only requires the Use of current conducting rollers known per se and the electric Ground connection of the coating bath. The ovens customary up to now are no longer necessary, which means that there are not inconsiderable ones Reductions in investment costs for such systems result.
Anhand eines abgebildeten Verfahrensschema wird die Erfindung im folgenden näher erläutert.The invention is described below with the aid of an illustrated process scheme explained in more detail.
Das beispielsweise zu verzinkende von einem Coil ablaufende Stahlband 12 durchläuft zunächst die Entfettungsanlage 1, dann eine Beizeinrichtung 2 und wird nach evtl. Spülbehandlungen in einer Station 3 getrocknet. Über eine als tJmlenkrolle dienende Stromleitwalze 4, die in ihrem Abstand vom Metallbad 11 einrichtbar sein kann, wird das Band durch eine Flußmittelauftrageinrichtung 5,6, in der gegebenenfalls Isolierschichten auf einer Seite aufgetragen werden können, in das schmelzflüssige Metallbad 11 geftihrt und läuft dort über die umlenkende Tauchrolle 8 aus dem Bad heraus zu einer Abstreifeinrichtung 9.The steel strip to be galvanized, for example, running off a coil 12 first passes through the degreasing system 1, then a pickling device 2 and is dried in a station 3 after any rinsing treatments. About a steering role Serving current conducting roller 4, which can be set up in their distance from the metal bath 11 can, the band is through a flux application device 5,6, in which optionally Insulating layers on one side can be applied into the molten liquid Metal bath 11 and runs there over the deflecting immersion roller 8 out of the bath out to a stripping device 9.
Über die in das Bad 11 eingebrachte Masseelektrode 10 aus geeignetem widerstandsfähigen Material und der den Gegenpol bildende Stromleitwalze 4 wird jeweils der Bandstreifen zwischen Bad und Stromleitwalze von einem entsprechend hohen Strom durchflossen und bildet daher eine direkte Widerstandsbeheizung, durch die da Band auf die notwendige Vorwärmtemperatur gebracht wird, welche in der Regel etwas oberhalb der Bsdtemperatur liegt. Im Erwärmungsbereich wird der Bandabschnitt von einem gegebenenfalls in das Bad 11 eintauchenden Schutzkanal 7 umgeben, der wärmeisolierend wirkt, und in dem eine Schutzgasatmosphäre aufrechterhalten werden kann.About the introduced into the bath 11 ground electrode 10 made of a suitable resistant material and the current conducting roller 4 forming the opposite pole each of the tape strips between the bath and the conductive roller by one accordingly high current flows through it and therefore forms a direct resistance heating the tape is brought to the necessary preheating temperature, which is usually is slightly above the base temperature. The band section is in the heating area surrounded by a protective channel 7 which may be immersed in the bath 11, the heat insulating acts, and in which a protective gas atmosphere is maintained can be.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782818155 DE2818155A1 (en) | 1978-04-26 | 1978-04-26 | Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782818155 DE2818155A1 (en) | 1978-04-26 | 1978-04-26 | Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmium |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2818155A1 true DE2818155A1 (en) | 1979-11-08 |
Family
ID=6037981
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782818155 Withdrawn DE2818155A1 (en) | 1978-04-26 | 1978-04-26 | Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmium |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2818155A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4714626A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1987-12-22 | Tecnor | Process for treating conductive profiles, particularly metallic conductive wires, the installation for carrying said process into effect, and treated profiles so obtained |
-
1978
- 1978-04-26 DE DE19782818155 patent/DE2818155A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4714626A (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1987-12-22 | Tecnor | Process for treating conductive profiles, particularly metallic conductive wires, the installation for carrying said process into effect, and treated profiles so obtained |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2007124781A1 (en) | Hot dip coating process for a steel plate product made of high strengthheavy-duty steel | |
US2093238A (en) | Plating of wire | |
DE1446194B2 (en) | DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING OF A STEEL PIPE | |
DE68912019T2 (en) | Method of making an annealed steel strip. | |
DE2629109C2 (en) | Method and device for hardening and hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel goods | |
DE2818155A1 (en) | Hot dip coated steel strip - is preheated by electric resistance heating prior to immersion in molten zinc, lead or cadmium | |
DE2339916C3 (en) | Process for coating iron wire, strip or braid with metal | |
EP1203106B1 (en) | Method and installation for hot dip galvanizing hot rolled steel strip | |
EP2807280B1 (en) | Method for refining a metal coating on a steel strip | |
DE1621338B2 (en) | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING TIN OR TIN ALLOY COATINGS | |
EP3511430A1 (en) | Method for a continuous heat treatment of a steel strip, and installation for dip coating a steel strip | |
US4714626A (en) | Process for treating conductive profiles, particularly metallic conductive wires, the installation for carrying said process into effect, and treated profiles so obtained | |
EP0026757B1 (en) | Process for hot galvanizing iron and steel articles | |
DE945424C (en) | Process for melting the tin layer of galvanically tinned iron strips or sheets | |
US2304225A (en) | Method of electrically heating wires and the like and apparatus therefor | |
DE4208577A1 (en) | METHOD FOR THE MULTI-LAYER COATING OF STRAND-SHAPED GOODS | |
DE19633615C2 (en) | Process for applying a solderable metallic outer coating to an aluminum alloy wire | |
DE702976C (en) | Process for the continuous hot-dip galvanizing of elongated objects made of iron or steel | |
EP0640152B1 (en) | Process for enamelling steel strip | |
DE3035000A1 (en) | Continuous zinc coating plant for steel strip - having hot dip and vapour deposition units for one-side or two-side coating | |
US1495175A (en) | Apparatus for heat treating metal-coated materials | |
DE2456377A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING GALVANIZED STEEL STRIPS | |
DE1271492B (en) | Process for the production of matt tinplate by electroplating | |
DE2141663C3 (en) | Method and device for coating steel strips with aluminum | |
DE3050505C1 (en) | Method and device for manufacturing brass-shaped elongated products |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |