DE2817018A1 - DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF A SINGLE OR MULTI-PHASE FLOW - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF A SINGLE OR MULTI-PHASE FLOWInfo
- Publication number
- DE2817018A1 DE2817018A1 DE19782817018 DE2817018A DE2817018A1 DE 2817018 A1 DE2817018 A1 DE 2817018A1 DE 19782817018 DE19782817018 DE 19782817018 DE 2817018 A DE2817018 A DE 2817018A DE 2817018 A1 DE2817018 A1 DE 2817018A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- flow channel
- flow
- density
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Kernforschungszentrum ' Karlsruhe, den 17. April I978 Karlsruhe GmbH PLA 7815 Ga/rdNuclear Research Center 'Karlsruhe, April 17th, 1978 Karlsruhe GmbH PLA 7815 Ga / approx
Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dichte einer Ein- oder MehrphasenströmungDevice for measuring the density of a single or multi-phase flow
— i —- i -
9098U/01 199098U / 01 19th
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dichte einer Ein- oder Mehrphasenströmung mit der ftamnastrahl-Absorptionsriethode, wobei die Ein- oder I'ehrphasenströmung in einem Strömungskanal geführt und von Gammastrahlung durchdrungen v.rird, die nach der Durchquerung von einen oder mehreren Detektoren aufgenommen T.iird.The invention relates to a device for measuring the density of a single- or multiphase flow with the ftamnaststrahl-Absorptionriethode. r ird that T was added after the traversal of the one or more detectors .iird.
Die Dichte der Strömung wird mit der Gaminastrahl-Absorptionsmethode ermittelt. Das Meßprinzip beruht auf der unterschiedlichen Schwächung der Intensität der Gammastrahlung beim Durchgang durch Materie verschiedener Dichte. So wird die Intensität der Gammastrahlung stärker beim Durchsang durch die nur von Flüssigkeit durchströmte Meßstrecke herabgesetzt als beim Durchgang durch ein in der Meßstrecke befindliches Zweiphasengemisch, und sie wird am wenigsten geschwächt, wenn sich z.B. nur Dampf in der Meßstrecke befindet. Diese unterschiedliche Schwächung der Intensität wird als Maß für den Dampfanteil in der Meßstrecke bzw. für den volumetrischen Dampfgehalt herangezogen.The density of the flow is determined using the gas-jet absorption method determined. The measuring principle is based on the different attenuation the intensity of the gamma radiation when passing through matter different density. The intensity of the gamma radiation becomes stronger when passing through the only liquid flowing through it Measurement path reduced than when passing through a in the measurement path two-phase mixture, and it is least weakened if, for example, there is only steam in the measuring section. This different attenuation of the intensity is used as a measure for the vapor content in the measuring section or for the volumetric Steam content used.
Insbesondere sollen mit der Erfindung aufgabengemäß die Phasenverteilungszustände, wie Blasenströmung, Kolbenströmung, Schichtenströmung, Wellenströmung, Schwallströmung, Pfropfenströmung, Filmströmung und Nebelströmung, die für das Beispiel Gas-Flüssigkeits-Strömung im horizontalen Rohr in der Fig. la - h im Schnitt und Querschnitt in der gleichen Reihenfolge dargestellt sind, ermittelbar sein.In particular, the invention aims, according to the task, to the phase distribution states, such as bubble flow, piston flow, stratified flow, Wave flow, slug flow, plug flow, film flow and mist flow, which are used for the example of gas-liquid flow shown in the horizontal tube in Fig. 1a-h in section and cross-section in the same order are to be determined.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist so gekennzeichnet, wie es in den Merkmalen der Ansprüche beschrieben ist.The solution to this problem is characterized as it is described in the features of the claims.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Verwendung der Erfindung zur Messung der Dichte der Ein- oder riehrphasenströmung besteht darin, daß durch Benutzung zweier Dichtemeßvorrichtungen, die im Abstand bezüglich der Strömungskanalachse voneinander angeordnet sind, der Massenstrom ermittelbar ist.A particularly advantageous use of the invention for measuring the density of the Ein or Riehrphasenstrom is that by using two density measuring devices which are arranged at a distance from one another with respect to the flow channel axis, the Mass flow can be determined.
-H-9098U/0119 -H- 9098U / 0119
Für einfachere Phasenverteilungszustände als eingangs beschrieben, genügen auch weniger Strahlenkanäle als drei pro Quelle. Sollen die Heßergebnisse verfeinert bzw. ■ außerordentlich genau sein, so kann die Anzahl der Strahlenkanäle, und mit ihnen die Zahl der Detektoren, erhöht werden. Die in Ausführungsbeispiel angegebene Kombination mit zwei Quellen - jeweils drei Strahlenkanälen jeweils ein Detektor pro Strahlenkanal sowie die Winkelstellung der Strahlenkanäle zueinander und die Stellung der Quellen zueinander wurde für einen Durchmesser d = 50 mm des Strömungskanals experimentell und rechnerisch ermittelt bzw. optimiert. Das gleiche gilt für die Lage der Kreuzungspunkte der Strahlachsen der Strahlenkanäle im Strömungskanal.For simpler phase distribution states than described at the beginning, Fewer radiation channels than three per source are also sufficient. Should the measurement results be refined or ■ extremely precise, in this way the number of radiation channels, and with them the number of detectors, can be increased. The specified in the exemplary embodiment Combination with two sources - three radiation channels each one detector per beam channel as well as the angular position of the beam channels to one another and the position of the sources to one another was experimentally and computationally determined or optimized for a diameter d = 50 mm of the flow channel. The same applies to the position of the intersection points of the jet axes of the jet channels in the flow channel.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mittels der Fig. 2 näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment by means of FIG.
Die Dichtemeßanlage besteht im wesentlichen aus den beiden versetzt zueinander angebrachten Gamma-Strahlenquellen 1 und 2, die in Abschirmbehältern 20 und 21 transportierbar und von Kollimatoren 22 und 23 umgeben sind. Die Kollimatoren schließen an einen Strömungskanal 4 an, welcher einen kreisförmigen Innenquerschnitt und dessen Wandung außen einen quadratischen Querschnitt aufweist. Auf der den Quellen 1 und 2 bezüglich der Strömungskanalachse 3 gegenüberliegenden Seite sind pro Quelle jeweils drei Detektoren 9 bziir. 10 angeordnet. Sie sind von Abschirmungen 11, 12, 13 und 14 gegenüber Streustrahlung bzw. Strahlung aus der Umgebung geschützt, welche genau wie die Transportbehälter 20 und 21 und der Strömungskanal 4 auf einem verfahrbaren Gestell 15 befestigt sind. The density measuring system consists essentially of the two offset Gamma radiation sources 1 and 2 attached to each other, which are in shielded containers 20 and 21 are transportable and surrounded by collimators 22 and 23. The collimators connect to a flow channel 4, which has a circular inner cross-section and the wall of which has a square cross-section on the outside. on on the side opposite the sources 1 and 2 with respect to the flow channel axis 3, there are three detectors 9 for each source. 10 arranged. They are opposite of shields 11, 12, 13 and 14 Scattered radiation or radiation from the environment, which, like the transport containers 20 and 21 and the flow channel 4, are fastened on a movable frame 15, is protected.
Von den punktförmigen Gamma-Strahlenquellen 1 und 2 führen jeweils drei enge Strahlenkanäle 5 bzw. 6 fächerförmig zum Strömungskanal 4 hin und bilden somit zwei Strahlenbündel 19 bzw. 17 aus, welche den Strömungskanal li in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Strömungskanalachse 3 durchqueren. Sie schneiden sich untereinander in Kreuzungspunkten 18. Nach der Durchquerung des Strömungskanals 4 dringen sie in weitere Strahlenkanäle 7 und 8 ein, die mit den Detektoren 9 bzw.From the point-shaped gamma radiation sources 1 and 2, three narrow radiation channels 5 and 6 each lead in a fan shape to the flow channel 4 and thus form two bundles of rays 19 and 17, which traverse the flow channel l i in a plane perpendicular to the flow channel axis 3. They intersect one another at intersection points 18. After crossing the flow channel 4, they penetrate into further radiation channels 7 and 8, which are connected to the detectors 9 or
mm £ mm mm £ mm
909844/0119909844/0119
10 verbunden sind. Zur Messung der Dichte bzw. des Massenstromes, wobei svfei Dichtemeßvorrichtungen hintereinander bezüglich der Strömungskanalachse 3 anzuordnen sind, werden die beiden Gammaotrahlenquellen 1 und 2 aus den verschließbaren Abschirmbehältern 20 und 21 in die Kollimatoren 22 und 23 gefahren. Diese bestehen aus Blei oder einem anderen Werkstoff mit guter Abschirmwirkung gegen Gammastrahlen und sind in ihren Abmessungen so ausgelegt, daß nicht nur die Strahlenbelastung in unmittelbarer Nähe gering bleibt und Streustrahlung, die die Messung stören könnte, weitgehend vermieden wird, sondern auch die Gammastrahlung durch Kollimatorbohrungen bzw. Strahlenkanäle 5 bis 8 gebündelt den Strömungskanal· 4 durchstrahlen. Zur v/eiteren Elimination von Streustrahlung dient die weitere Abschirmung 12 bis 14.10 are connected. To measure the density or the mass flow, where svfei density measuring devices one after the other with respect to the Flow channel axis 3 are to be arranged, the two gamma ray sources 1 and 2 moved from the lockable shielding containers 20 and 21 into the collimators 22 and 23. These exist made of lead or another material with a good shielding effect against gamma rays and their dimensions are designed so that not only the radiation exposure in the immediate vicinity is low remains and scattered radiation, which could interfere with the measurement, largely is avoided, but the gamma radiation is also bundled through collimator bores or radiation channels 5 to 8 and radiate through the flow channel 4. For further elimination of scattered radiation the further shielding 12 to 14 is used.
Um die Anlage auch bei höheren Temperaturen des Strömungsmediums oder der Umgebung einsetzen zu können, ist für die temperaturempfindlichen Teile eine Kühlung mit V/asser, Luft oder einem anderen Kühlmittel vorgesehen.To the system even at higher temperatures of the flow medium or the environment is for the temperature sensitive Share cooling with water, air or another coolant provided.
Als Gamma-Strahlenquellen 1 und 2 werden vorzugsweise Ir-192-oder Cs-137 Isotopenpunktquellen verwendet. Ein bestimmter Anteil der von der Strahlenquelle 1 bzw. 2 ausgesandten Gammaquanten trifft auf die Stirnseiten der Detektoren 9 bzvr. 10 und löst dort in einem Szintillationskristall Lichtblitze aus. Nach bekannter Art und V/eise werden diese Impulse elektronisch verstärkt und analog v/eiterverarbeitet bzw. registriert.The gamma radiation sources 1 and 2 are preferably Ir-192 or Cs-137 isotope point sources used. A certain proportion of the The gamma quanta emitted by the radiation source 1 or 2 strikes the end faces of the detectors 9 or vr. 10 and solves there in one Scintillation crystal flashes off. In a known manner, these impulses are electronically amplified and processed analogously or registered.
Durch die bereits erwähnte Hintereinanderschaltung zweier Mehrstrahldichtemeßanlagen ist es möglich, zusätzlich zur Dichte- und Phasenverteilung auch die Laufzeiten der einzelnen Phasen durch Korrelation der Dichtesignale zu ermitteln. Hierzu wird ein Analogkorrelator eingesetzt (nicht dargestellt). Aus Geschwindigkeit und Dichte wird dann der Massenstrom der Ein- oder Mehrphasenströmung im Ctrömungskanal 4 bestimmt.By connecting two multi-jet density measuring systems in series, as already mentioned It is possible, in addition to the density and phase distribution, also to correlate the transit times of the individual phases to determine the density signals. An analog correlator is used for this purpose (not shown). From speed and density the mass flow of the single or multiphase flow in the flow channel 4 is then determined.
909844/01 19909844/01 19
LeerseiteBlank page
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2817018A DE2817018C2 (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1978-04-19 | Device for measuring the density of a single or multi-phase flow |
| SE7902964A SE438210B (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1979-04-03 | DEVICE FOR SATURING PHASE DISTRIBUTION CONDITIONS IN A ONE OR MULTIPLE PHASE FLOWING BY THE GAMMASTRAL ABSORPTION METHOD |
| GB7911773A GB2019558B (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1979-04-04 | Measuring fluid stream density |
| US06/028,671 US4282433A (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1979-04-10 | Apparatus for measuring the density of a multiphase stream |
| FR7909668A FR2423770A1 (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1979-04-17 | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF A ONE OR MORE PHASE FLOW |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2817018A DE2817018C2 (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1978-04-19 | Device for measuring the density of a single or multi-phase flow |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2817018A1 true DE2817018A1 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| DE2817018C2 DE2817018C2 (en) | 1985-12-19 |
Family
ID=6037434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2817018A Expired DE2817018C2 (en) | 1978-04-19 | 1978-04-19 | Device for measuring the density of a single or multi-phase flow |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4282433A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2817018C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2423770A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2019558B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE438210B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0032061A1 (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-07-15 | Texaco Development Corporation | Apparatus for measuring the percent quantity of water in crude oil |
| WO1998023931A1 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-04 | Schlumberger Limited | Gas flow rate measurement |
| GB2335271A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1999-09-15 | Schlumberger Ltd | Gas flow rate measurement |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4371977A (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1983-02-01 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for detecting solidification in a mixed phase container |
| US4506541A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1985-03-26 | Mount Isa Mines Limited | Measurement of bulk density of particulate materials |
| US4520677A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1985-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Solids mass flow indication with radiation |
| US4464330A (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1984-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Apparatus for irradiating a continuously flowing stream of fluid |
| US4562584A (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1985-12-31 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for measuring void ratios by using radiation |
| US4618939A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1986-10-21 | Halliburton Company | Nuclear densometer |
| US4515896A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-05-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Fluorescent additives for the determination of condensed and vapor phases in multiphase systems |
| GB2168150B (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1988-12-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Pipeline inspection |
| GB8430701D0 (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1985-01-16 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Pipeline inspection |
| US4618975A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-10-21 | At&T Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing a porous nonhomogeneous cylindrical object |
| GB8521287D0 (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1985-10-02 | Frith B | Flow measurement & imaging |
| US4683759A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-08-04 | Texaco Inc. | Characterization of two-phase flow in pipes |
| US4850001A (en) * | 1987-07-20 | 1989-07-18 | Shell Oil Company | Orifice blockage detection system |
| AU618602B2 (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1992-01-02 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Measurement of flow velocity and mass flowrate |
| US5315117A (en) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-05-24 | Texaco Inc. | Volume meter system |
| AU7834000A (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2001-04-30 | Ohio University | Determining gas and liquid flow rates in a multi-phase flow |
| US20060254093A1 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2006-11-16 | Springboost S.A. | Dorsiflexion shoe |
| NO328909B1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2010-06-14 | Roxar Flow Measurement As | Compact gamma-based density grinding instrument |
| FR2909766B1 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2009-01-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES OF A DIPHASIC FLOW, AND METHOD USING SUCH A DEVICE |
| FR2925144B1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2015-08-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR DETERMINING DIPHASIC FLUID FLOW REGIME. |
| GB2513679B (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2016-01-06 | Iphase Ltd | Method of defining a mulitphase flow comprising three phases |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2298942A (en) * | 1940-11-30 | 1942-10-13 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Biplanar fluoroscopic and radiographic equipment |
| US3635082A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1972-01-18 | United States Steel Corp | Apparatus for measuring mass flow of fluidborne solids |
| DE2304618A1 (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1973-08-09 | Gossen Gmbh | Mass flow and speed measurement - by correlometer using nuclear radiation |
| DE2642064C2 (en) * | 1976-09-18 | 1982-04-22 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Density measuring device for flowing media based on the radiation principle |
-
1978
- 1978-04-19 DE DE2817018A patent/DE2817018C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-04-03 SE SE7902964A patent/SE438210B/en unknown
- 1979-04-04 GB GB7911773A patent/GB2019558B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-10 US US06/028,671 patent/US4282433A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-04-17 FR FR7909668A patent/FR2423770A1/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NICHTS-ERMITTELT * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0032061A1 (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-07-15 | Texaco Development Corporation | Apparatus for measuring the percent quantity of water in crude oil |
| WO1998023931A1 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-04 | Schlumberger Limited | Gas flow rate measurement |
| GB2335271A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1999-09-15 | Schlumberger Ltd | Gas flow rate measurement |
| GB2335271B (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2001-01-24 | Schlumberger Ltd | Gas flow rate measurement |
| US6216532B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 2001-04-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Gas flow rate measurement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE438210B (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| SE7902964L (en) | 1979-10-20 |
| GB2019558A (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| FR2423770B1 (en) | 1984-11-23 |
| US4282433A (en) | 1981-08-04 |
| FR2423770A1 (en) | 1979-11-16 |
| GB2019558B (en) | 1982-11-17 |
| DE2817018C2 (en) | 1985-12-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |