DE2816213A1 - PROCEDURES FOR LUBRICATING CONTACT SURFACES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND / OR OXIDATION CONDITIONS AND LUBRICANTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents

Description

Method for lubricating contact surfaces at high temperatures and / or oxidation conditions as well as lubricants for carrying out the process.

It has been found and forms the basis of the present invention that compounds or materials of the formula MXY ₅ , wherein M is one of the metals Mg, V, Mn, Pe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn or Pb or a mixture of such metals, preferably Pe, Zn or mixtures thereof, in particular Zn, X is one of the pnictides phosphorus, arsenic or antimony or a mixture of such pnictides, preferably phosphorus, arsenic or mixtures thereof, in particular phosphorus, and Y is one of the chalcogenides sulfur or selenium or a Mixture of these chalcogenides, especially sulfur, is meant to be superior lubricants, resistant to oxidation and thermal degradation, having low friction, excellent anti-wear and long-term effectiveness. Surfaces coated with these compositions resist chafing and damage from adhesive or corrosion abrasion. They can be used as lubricants either dry or together with common lubricating oils and / or greases.

S. Soled and A. WoId describe in "Crystal Growth and Characterization of In ₂ /, PS," printed in Mat.Res.Bull., Volume 11, 6 66 6

Pp. 657-662 (1976) Pergamon Press, Inc., in the introduction

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various mixed anions containing anionenreiche compounds of metal pnictide and chalcogenide they refer a dissertation, University of Hohenheim from the year 1969 by W.Klingen that deal with the crystal growth of compounds M ¹¹ PX, (where M = P, Co, Ni, Zn , Mn, Cd, Sn, Hg or Pb; X = S or Se) by chemical transport in the gas phase (chemical vapor transport). They state in the following that these compounds are structurally related to the layer compounds CdIp and CdCl ₂ and contain closely packed sulfur layers, each other intermediate layer being filled with an ordered arrangement of metal atoms and phosphorus-phosphorus pairs connected by sigma bonds. The metal atoms are arranged in octahedral interstitials, and each phosphorus atom is bound to three sulfur atoms and one phosphorus atom in a distorted tetrahedron. Because of the large anion-anion interlayers that remain void (with a typical interplanar distance between two * sulfur atoms being 3.4 χ ), these compounds exhibit easy cleavage parallel to the crystal faces and lubricity.

However, it was not heretofore known that such compounds had this lubricity under oxidizing conditions and at relatively possess and maintain high temperatures and perform satisfactorily over time which far exceed the service life of conventional lubricants such as MoSp.

In SLE Transactions, Volume 14 (1970), page 62, Jamison and Cosgrove the lubricating properties of various transition metal disulfides and diselenides present as layered compounds measured. The coefficient of friction was determined using *, an experimental set-up consisting of a ball on a flat surface

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determined, which was loaded with a force of up to «Z50 g. That The static abrasive member was a steel ball 0.9525 cm in diameter. The lubricants were hand on one Polished brass disc, which served as a dynamic wear link.

For the transition metal compounds present as layer compounds, which were examined, three types of lubricating behavior were observed. Some connections were not contiguous Films; others formed films but could not carry a sliding load; still others made films that were heavy could carry sliding loads. This clearly shows that not all materials and in particular not all layered compound sulfides are effective as solid lubricants.

Using the compounds or materials of the formula MXY, in which M is one of the metals Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn or Pb or mixtures of two or more of these metals, preferably Fe, Zn or mixtures from it, in particular Zn, means, X represents one of the pnictides phosphorus, arsenic or antimony or mixtures thereof, preferably phosphorus, arsenic or mixtures thereof, in particular phosphorus, and Y represents one of the chalcogenides sulfur or selenium or mixtures thereof, in particular sulfur lubrication under different conditions, for example an oxidizing, reducing or inert atmosphere at temperatures up to about 450 ° C., preferably from about 310 to about 450 ° C., in particular from about 400 to about 450 ° C. and particularly preferably at temperatures from about 21 to about 45O ⁰ C can be reached.

Using these compounds, the abrasion can be greatly reduced as the lubricant is subject to disintegration due to the

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Ambient and temperature conditions, especially decomposition by oxidation and high temperatures, v; is formed. Therefore, as lubricants, these compounds are the known lubricants, such as MoSp, which decompose in an oxidizing environment at relatively low temperatures, are superior. Materials that decompose in this way ultimately allow high friction and damage to the surfaces, which they should protect, with the damage in the form of increased wear, milling, abrasion, scratching, corrosion etc. becomes recognizable.

The compounds MXY ,, where M, X and Y have the preceding meaning which act as lubricants are manufactured by various known methods. For example, the lubricating compounds through direct conversion of the elements in an evacuated sealed quartz tube with formation polycrystalline materials are produced.

Compounds of the formula MXY, in which M, X and Y have the above meanings, show a remarkable stability at temperatures up to 450 C, preferably -400 to 450 C, in particular from 310 to 450 ° C., very particularly from 21 to 450 ° C. different conditions, ranging from a reducing to an inert to an oxidizing environment, preferably under oxidizing conditions. It is the resistance of the connections or materials at elevated temperatures under oxidizing conditions and high stress, which makes these compounds excellent lubricants.

The compounds which can be used according to the invention can be the general Formula MXY, wherein M, X and Y have the above Have meanings. They can also be solid solutions with two or more mixed cations or anions, ie. the compound may contain more than one metal and / or more than one chalcogen »such as e.g.

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^Zn lq ^Pe q ^PS 3 ° ^{i q} " ¹

PePSe, "S ₇ O - Z - 3

^Zn lq ^Pe q ^PSe 3-Z ^S Z ° ^K - ^q - ¹

O ^ Z * 3

Such compounds with mixed metals and / or mixed Chalcogenides are included in the invention. Generally preferred Compounds are ZnPS ,, PePS and PbPS ,.

The compounds of the formula MXY can be used in any desired manner Lubricating greases are added. One possibility is the direct addition (suspension) of the finely divided compound MXY ,, while another possibility in the suspension of compounds MXY, made with the help of chemical or mechanical Agent brought to a fine particle size consists in lubricating oils. The latter procedure is briefly described in that the compound MXY, in a suitable medium, such as a low volume of natural or synthetic oils, which are preferably a small amount of one surfactant dispersant was added, dispersed. This dispersion is then used as an additive to the lubricating oil added in suspension. The grease or lubricant obtained by adding the material MXY, contains 0.1 to 20% by weight, Preferably 1 to 5 wt .- ^, of material of the formula MXY ,, where the remainder consists of lubricating oil or grease.

The lubricating oils or greases also include those in which a lubricating oil with salts, soaps, complexes of soap and salt or complexes of mixed salts, polymeric thickeners (e.g. polymers of monoolefins with 2 to k carbon atoms with molecular weights according to Staudinger of 10,000 to 200 000, such as polyethylene) and inorganic

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thickener !! (e.g. clay, soot, silica gel, etc.) thickened became. The method according to the invention is, however, special; Value in cases where the grease has been thickened with a metallic soap other than a sodium soap, where metal soaps of which the metal is polyvalent are particularly preferred, e.g., alkaline earth metals such as calcium or aluminum.

Generally, the lubricating greases contain a major proportion of a synthetic or natural lubricating oil, thickened with about 3 to 49% by weight, preferably 20 to 45% by weight , of a thickening agent. When a soap and salt or mixed salt thickening agent is used, this thickening agent is usually formed by combining different mixtures of high molecular weight carboxylic acids, for example fatty acids, and / or medium molecular weight carboxylic acid pitches. eg fatty acids or aromatic acids, con-neutralized with fatty acids with low molecular weight, eg fatty acids, in oil by a metal base with heating for the purpose of dehydration or removal of alcohol (if an alcoholate is used in the metal base).

Among the high molecular weight carboxylic acids used to form the soap, soap and salt or mixed salts Thickeners useful include naturally occurring or synthetic, substituted and unsubstituted, saturated and unsaturated, mixed and unmixed fatty acids with about 14 to 30, e.g., 16 to 22, carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of such acids include stearic acid, Hydroxystearic acid, e.g. 12-hydroxystearic acid, dihydroxystearic acids, Polyhydroxystearic acids and other saturated hydroxy fatty acids, arachidic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow acids, etc.

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Medium molecular weight carboxylic acids include aliphatic, aromatic, alkyl aromatic, etc., saturated _/ unsubstituted monocarboxylic acids with 7 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, e.g. capric acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, nonanoic acid, benzoic acid, etc.

The low molecular weight fatty acids include saturated ones and unsaturated, substituted, and unsubstituted aliphatic carboxylic acids having from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms. These include, for example, fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. Acetic acid or its anhydride are preferred.

Among the metal bases that are often used to neutralize the above Acids are used include the hydroxides, oxides, carbonates or alcoholates of alkali metals (e.g. lithium and sodium) or of alkaline earth metals (e.g. calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium) or other polyvalent metals commonly are used for the production of fats, e.g. aluminum.

Various other additives (e.g. 0.1 to 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the Lubricant), e.g., antioxidants such as phenyl-a-naphthylamine; Tackifiers such as polyisobutylene; Stabilizers such as aluminum hydroxystearate and the like.

The lubricating oil which can be used as such or for the production of lubricating greases in the process according to the invention can consist of customary natural oils or synthetic lubricating oils, the mineral lubricating oils being preferred. The synthetic oils include synthetic lubricating oils with a viscosity of at least 6.471 centistokes (30 SSU) at 37.8 ° C, such as esters of monobasic acids (e.g. esters of 0, -oxo alcohol with Cg-oxo acid, esters of C ₁₅ -OxOaIkOhOl with Octanoic acid etc.), esters of dibasic acids (e.g. * di-2-ethyl-

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hexyl sebacate, di-nonyl adipate, etc.), esters of glycols (e.g. C oxo acid diesters of tetraethylene glycol, etc.), complex esters (e.g. the complex ester formed by reacting 1 mole of sebacic acid with 2 moles of tetraethylene glycol and 2 moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, the complex ester formed by reacting 1 mole of tetraethylene glycol with 2 moles of sebacic acid and 2 moles of 2-ethylhexanol; (e.g. the ester formed by reacting 3 moles of the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol with 1 mole of phosphorus oxychloride, etc.), halocarbon oils (e.g. the polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene containing 12 recurring units of chlorotrifluoroethylene), alkyl silicates (e.g. methy! polysiloxanes, ethy! ! polysiloxanes, etc.), sulfite esters (for example that obtained by reacting 1 mole of sulfur oxychloride with 2 moles of the methyl ether of Ethylene glycol formed esters, etc.), carbonates (e.g. the carbonate formed by the reaction of Cg-oxo alcohol with ethyl carbonate to form a half ester and reaction of this half ester with tetraethylene glycol), mercaptals (e.g. the mercaptal formed by the reaction of 2-ethylhexyl mercaptan with formaldehyde), formals (e.g. the formal formed by the reaction of C ₁ -Z-OxOaIkOhOl with formaldehyde), synthetic oils of the polyglycol type (e.g. the compounds formed by the condensation of butyl alcohol with 1h units of propylene oxide, etc.) or mixtures of any of the above compounds in any proportions. In general, the mineral or synthetic oils should have a viscosity in the range of about 7.5005 to 42.86 centistokes (about 35 to 200 SSU) at 99 ° C and flash points of about 177 to 36 ° C. Lubricating oils with a viscosity index of 100 or above can be used.

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Experimental data

Various typical compounds of the formula MXY were examined under different conditions to reach the limits determine their applicability. They were subjected to high temperatures under one inert, one oxidizing and one reducing Subjected to atmosphere, the decomposition point (T min) was determined from thermal gravimetric experiments. X-ray analysis was used to identify the end product.

A. Thermal decomposition

ZnPS _{3 IÜ} § _ÜBr $ XdC-ZnS + Y / -ZnS + 1/4 P ₄ S ^ + 1/4 st (X + Y = 1) Tmin. «450 ⁰ C

^A _- ^ FeS + 1/4 P /, S ^ + T _min . = 590 ^° C

B. Oxidation

3ZnPS ₃ + 31/2 O ₂ / "Zn ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ + 9SO ₂ + - ^Λ

= 450 ⁰ C.

^{FePS3 + 5} ° ² TDWc ^ FePO _{4 + 3} SoJ

MoS ₂ + 7/2 O ₂ } MoO ₃ + 2SO ₂

Tmin .. - 310 ° C

C. Reduction

ZnPSo + 9/2 H ₂ * XdC-ZnS + Y ^ -ZnS + 3H ₂ S +

. ■ * * ^z 700 ⁰ C ^

(χ. + y - DT _min . - 450 ⁰ C

FePS ₃ + 7 / 2H _{2 iüü} ö ^ FeS + 3H ₂ St + PH ₃ *

- 540 ⁰ C

8098 ^ 3/0789 ^L.

FIG. I shows the thermogravimetric X curve for the oxidation of ZnPS and MoS ". The literature reports a significant increase in the coefficient of friction for MoS "at high temperatures, which is related to the onset of oxidation. The increased stability of ZnPS ₅ (T _Min = ⁰ C) and PePS ₃ (T _Min = 49O ⁰ C) compared to

₃ (T _min

310 ° C) under these realistic (oxidation) conditions shows their superiority as a lubricant under real ones Operating conditions.

In addition to the chemical stability of the MPS, phases at elevated temperatures, their compatibility with other chemicals was also investigated. These materials are stable to decomposition in HpO, CS ₃ and hydrocarbons, such as pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene, xylene and toluene. Furthermore react other organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone and chloroform, neither ZnPS or _FePS} still solve this. However, ZnPS, and FePS, react with strong acids and bases (ie with HCl, HNO ,, CH ₃ COOH, KOH and NaOH). The MPSj phases also react with Lewis bases, such as ammonia and pyridine.

The stability of the MPS, phases in solvents, especially hydrocarbons, is an important characteristic which is important for the synthesis of lubricating oil and grease dispersions is required and the need for these compounds MXY, increased as additives.

Tests were also carried out under various conditions using the ball-on-cylinder device with ZnPS ₃ as a dry lubricant (with a dry or moist, inert or oxidizing atmosphere; a running speed of 5 to 50 cm / sec. And a Load from 100 MPa to 750 MPa Hertz stress).

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Figure II is a schematic representation of the ball-on-cylinder device, which basically consists of a stationary ball, which is on top of a rotating Cylinder is pushed open. At the end of a lever system, a dead weight is attached, which in turn is the ball (made of steel 52100, R = 20 to 22) on the cylinder (made of steel 52100, R = 60 to 62) with a calculable initial Hertz load. As a result of using an engine

SO

the cylinder / can be rotated with variable speed so that different running speeds are obtained. The test device is provided with a transducer for recording the frictional force. Additional flexibility is achieved by surrounding the device with a gas-tight jacket, which enables various protective gas atmospheres to be investigated. The lubricant to be tested was applied to a cylinder, previously cleaned (with a mixture of 50% xylene and 50 % methanol), from a degreased, lint-free cloth, which had been provided with excess material xvar. The cloth containing the lubricant was pressed onto the cylinder under prescribed conditions of rotation speed with load and time (200 g force, 200 rpm and 15 minutes). In this way, reproducible films could be achieved.

Figure III shows typical results obtained using "realistic" conditions (moist air, running speed of 50 cm / sec. and 500 MPa Hertz load) became. The initial low friction obtained in the case of non-lubrication may be present of an oxide surface film. The fast one Increase and eventual failure corresponds to a progressive one Removal of the oxide on the surface. A visual examination of the wear surface after Showed failure in the absence of a solid lubricant

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a considerable milled area, which confirms an adhesive type wear mechanism. The drop in the coefficient of friction for both MoS "and ZnPS" in the initial part of the test is "similar to that observed with other solid, flaky lubricants. This "induction" or "run-in period" can be attributed to an orientation of the crystallites in the wear surface. It is clear from these data that the reduction in friction obtained using MoSp is better than that for ZnPS. However, the effective life of the MoS ₂ FiImS is considerably shorter than that which was observed when polishing with ZnPS.

In addition to recording the frictional property and effective life, a surface profile meter can be used the damage caused by abrasion can be determined. In Figure IV are the surfaces profiles which were obtained in various tests. For cylinders which are polished with ZnPS and in the presence of a base oil (commercial product Solvent I50N) can be a significant reduction in abrasion compared to using the base oil alone can be determined (see FIG. IVa). A comparison of the traces of wear on surfaces polished with ZnPS also shows with those of surfaces polished with MoS _, whereby in the latter case the tests were terminated before failure,

a considerable reduction in abrasion (see FIG. IVb). The visual examination of the traces of abrasion, polygons, on surfaces which _{were polished with ZnPS or MoS 2} , confirm a reduced abrasion. However, in the case of lubrication with MoS _2, the track was heavily milled and pitted. In contrast, in the case of ZnPS, the trace is smooth and shows little or no sign of milling.

In addition to the cup-on-cylinder test, the more common one also became 4-ball test carried out. These tests were the previously Cleaned balls made of steel 52100 are polished in by immersing them in excess solid lubricant for 1 hour 20 RPM rolled. By optically measuring the diameter of the abrasion ram (hereinafter referred to as WSD), the was generated on the 3 stationary balls, the abrasion was determined.

The following table I summarizes the data for the cases of a treatment with MoS ₂ and ZnPS, as well as without the use of a lubricant. In the case of MoS ₂ as well as ZnPS, a reduction in abrasion can be seen with respect to the case where no lubricant was used at all. In the tests with lubricants, the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere reduces the anti-wear effect. If, in the case of treatment with MoS_, one changes from an inert to an oxidizing atmosphere, a considerable increase in wear can be observed. A similar behavior is found with surfaces which are polished with ZnPS; however, the increase in wear is much less than in the case of the balls which had been treated _{with MoS 2.}

In Figure V, the results are shown which were obtained using the axle bearing test device. The application of ZnPS, by buffing it onto an operating pivot, resulted in a reduction in the coefficient of friction. The initial coefficient fell by 20 % and then slowly rose again over a period of 25 days. This particular test was conducted in the presence of and in conjunction with a base oil; it confirms the initial test carried out with the ball-on-cylinder device which showed a similar reduction in friction and increased anti-wear effect.

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Table I. Performance of dry lubricated systems in the 4-ball test

. Wear behavior

Lubricant inert

WSD ⁽¹⁾ (mm) V ⁽²⁾ (mm ³ )

oo without 1.30 2.2 χ ΙΟ " ¹

° MoS ₂ 0.40 2.0 χ 10 " ³

o ° ZnPS, ■ '0.41 2.2 χ 10 ~ ³

^ω '■ ■

ο Test conditions: 600 rpm, 15 min., 1440 MPa Hertz stress, 21 ⁰ C, steel 52100

» ^F

air (mm) V (mm ³ ) WSD 18.. 1, 5 x ΙΟ " ¹ i, OO 7, 7 x 10 " ² 1, 73 2, 2 χ ίο " ² O,

WSD.- Average diameter of the abrasion scratches on three stationary elements
'' V - volume of abrasion

Note: The abrasion speed can be calculated by dividing the abrasion volume by 15
Minutes can be obtained.

90 G 30th G 50 G 1742 G 6th G

example 1

4 g of ZnPS .., FePS, and MoSp each became 96 g of one Added to fat with an aluminum complex soap and a salt, which has been prepared from the following components was:

animal fatty acid

Benzoic acid

Isopropyl aluminum alcoholate (commercial product Kolate)

one non-extracted, naphthenic Mineral lubricating oil (hands product Coray 80/50) a commercially available antioxidant

(Commercial product UOP 225)

The fat was prepared by heating the mixture of acids and alcoholate in the oil, removing alcohol, forming the complex of aluminum with the fatty acid and benzoic acid, and adding the antioxidant. The materials to be tested, ie, ZnPS, FePS, and MoSp were each mixed into the fat components at room temperature, and the resulting formulations were ground so that the solid component was evenly mixed into the fat. In addition, 2 high-pressure formulations were produced and ground as comparison substances, which consisted of: base fat + 2 % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (commercial product Elco 114) or base fat + 3 % tricalcium phosphate + 1 % sulfurized polybutene. Each fat formulation was then their extreme pressure properties according to test method ASTM D 2596-69 was evaluated "which in 1974 approved again, namely the 4-ball method, tested. The diameter of the abrasion scratches (in mm) was measured in the case of the base fat and each formulation as a function of the applied load (in kg). It became the

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last, no plague-eating burden and the Spot weld was recorded and the Standard Stress-Abrasion Index was calculated. The results of these tests are summarized in Table II.

Table II

Results the * + 2 % Elco 114 (ASTM D 2596-69) \ -Ball high-pressure tests + 3 % Tricalcium phosphate Stress abrasion
index Description of the sample + 1 % sulfurized polybutene 20th Base fat + 4 % MoS ₂ 25th Base fat + 4 % PePS, 33 Base fat + H% ZnPS, 37 Base fat 39 Base fat 44 Base fat

From these results it can be seen that the addition of ZnPS, or PePS, to a grease with an aluminum complex soap improves the extreme pressure properties of the base grease as well as the standard extreme pressure formulations and that the performance of the grease with 4 % ZnPS, or FePS, is superior is, plural marriage has been established for a grease determined with an equivalent amount of the known solid lubricant MoSp.

Example 2

Prepared according to Example 1 to an aluminum complex soap grease, · has, in an amount of 4, 2 and 1 wt -% ZnPS added. ^. The fat formulations obtained were used to disperse the solid metal phosphorus trisulfide in the fat base

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ground mass. Each of these formulations along with the base grease were evaluated according to standard methods ASTM D 2596-69 and ASTM D25O9-73. The load abrasion index and pass or fail the Timken test are reported in Table III. These results demonstrate the efficacy of ZnPS, as an extreme pressure additive, even if this material in an amount of only 1 wt -% is present.. These fats were not compounded with finely divided particles; as a result, they are very crude test combinations.

Table III

Results of the high pressure test for formulations made from an aluminum complex soap grease with and without the addition of 2TnPS,

Description of the sample

Base fat

Base fat + 4 % ZnPS, base fat + 2 % ZnPS, base fat + 1 % ZnPS,

Stressful Timken Abrasion index (Pass / fail) 25.6 not tested 47.6 passed 43.8 failed 34.3 passed

Example 3

On a steel cylinder (AISI 52100; R = 20 to 22) with ZnPS was polished by hand to a diameter of 3.81 cm. The cylinder was placed on a shaft, which was his Rotation with a tangential speed of 50 cm / sec. with respect to a steel ball (AISI 52100; R = 50 to 62), which was fixed and had a diameter of 1.27 cm, made it possible (see Figure II). The cylinder turned in a tub filled with oil (solvent 150 N mineral oil), which is constantly covered with an oil film wetted. During the 30 minute duration of the test, the coefficient of dynamic friction between the cylinders

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and recorded the ball. During the execution of the test, no significant change in the dynamic coefficient of friction (ja ^ ranged from 0.10 to 0.12) with respect to the unpolished part of the cylinder was observed on the polished surface. However, a subsequent examination of the profiles of the abrasion scratches (cf. FIG. IV) using a profile measuring device showed a drastic reduction in abrasion on the polished compared to the unpolished surface.

For: Exxon Research and Engineering Company
Linden, NJ, V.St.A.

Dr H.J. Wolff Lawyer

8098 43/078 9

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: f1J Process for lubricating contact surfaces at high temperatures and / or oxidation conditions , characterized in that a compound of the formula MXY _ is used as the lubricant, in which M is one of the metals Mg, V, Mn, Pe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn or Pb or a mixture of such metals, X phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or mixtures thereof and Y mean sulfur, selenium or mixtures thereof. '2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that one the compound of the formula as an additive in a lubricating oil ■ or grease is used. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a lubricating grease is used which contains a thickener. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a carboxylic acid salt of a polyvalent is used as the thickener Metal used. 5. Process according to one of Claims 1 to ¹ J, characterized in that a compound of the formula in which X is phosphorus is used. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 _9, characterized in that a compound of the formula is used in which Y means sulfur. 7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that one uses as a compound of the formula ZnPS-, FePS, or PbPS. 809843/0789 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the lubricating effect is maintained at a high temperature in the range of about 310 to about 450 ° C. 9. Lubricant containing a major proportion of a lubricating oil and about 0.1 to 20 wt. a compound of the formula MXY ,, wherein M is one of the metals Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn, Pb or a mixture of such metals, X phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or mixtures thereof and Y sulfur, selenium or mixtures from it mean. 10. Lubricant according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains a fat thickener. 11. Lubricant according to claim 10, characterized in that it is a carboxylic acid salt of a polyvalent as a fat thickener Contains metal. 12. Lubricant according to claim 11, characterized in that it as a fat thickener, a complex compound of aluminum, a fatty acid having 14 to 30 carbon atoms and benzoic acid contains. 13. Lubricant according to claim 9, characterized in that it represents a flowable composition in which the compound of formula is dispersed. 14. Lubricant according to one of claims 10 or 13, characterized in that it contains _{ZnPS 5} or FePS _{3 as a compound of the formula.} 809843/0789