DE277594C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE277594C DE277594C DENDAT277594D DE277594DA DE277594C DE 277594 C DE277594 C DE 277594C DE NDAT277594 D DENDAT277594 D DE NDAT277594D DE 277594D A DE277594D A DE 277594DA DE 277594 C DE277594 C DE 277594C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hexanitroethane
- trinitrotoluene
- explosives
- mixture
- nitrocellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexanitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Centralite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000182341 Cubitermes group Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251729 Elasmobranchii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014995 Nitroglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetranitromethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 lets it cool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000802 nitrating Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVMQQEKACUHBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1,1,1,2-tetranitroethane Chemical compound [K].[O-][N+](=O)CC([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O QVMQQEKACUHBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/36—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitroparaffin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
,pent, pent
ISERLICHESISERAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
- JVl 277594 KLASSE 78 c. GRUPPE- JVl 277594 CLASS 78 c. GROUP
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sprengstoffen. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 23. August 1913 ab.Process for the manufacture of explosives. Patented in the German Empire on August 23, 1913.
Schon seit Jahren ist man bemüht, sehr sauerstoffreiche Nitrokörper aufzufinden, um die hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Beständigkeit nicht immer befriedigenden Salpetersäureester, Nitrozellulose, Nitroglyzerin, Nitrostärke usw. ganz oder auch teilweise durch die stabileren Nitrokörper zu ersetzen. Trinitrotoluol, Tetranitromethylanilin und ähnliche Substanzen, deren relativ große chemische Beständigkeit und verhältnismäßig geringe Sensibilität gegen Stoß und Reibung sie als geeignete Ersatzmittel erscheinen läßt, ermangeln für manche Zwecke einer genügenden Menge gebundenen Sauerstoffs. Ein Fortschritt wurde erst erzielt durch Nutzbarmachung des Tetranitromethans; doch steht die große Flüchtigkeit dieses flüssigen Körpers seiner allgemeinen Verwendung als Bestandteil von Treibmitteln, Sprengmitteln und Zündmitteln hindernd im Wege.For years, efforts have been made to find very oxygen-rich nitro bodies in order to the nitric acid esters, which are not always satisfactory in terms of their chemical resistance, Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, nitro starch etc. in whole or in part due to the more stable ones Replace nitro bodies. Trinitrotoluene, tetranitromethylaniline and similar substances, their relatively high chemical resistance and relatively low sensitivity against shock and friction makes them appear as suitable substitutes for lack some purposes a sufficient amount of bound oxygen. A progress was made only achieved through the utilization of tetranitromethane; but there is great volatility this liquid body of its general use as a component of propellants, Explosives and detonating agents in the way.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß das Hexanitroäthan C2 (N O2) 6 den gestellten Anforderungen weit besser genügt, da es eine feste, wenig flüchtige Substanz ist, von weißem kristallinischen Aussehen, neutraler Reaktion, nicht brennbar, beständig gegen Wärme und Feuchtigkeit. Hexanitroäthan ist für sich allein durch heftigen Stoß oder durch Reibung nicht zur Explosion zu bringen, wohl aber durch Vermittelung einer Sprengkapsel. Zweckmäßigerweise mischt man es mit verbrennlichen Substanzen, die auch selbst explosiv sein können und gewinnt so, je nach den Mischungsverhältnissen und der Art der Bestandteile, besonders kräftige Treibmittel, Sprengmittel oder Zündmittel.It has now been found that hexanitroethane C 2 (NO 2 ) 6 meets the requirements far better because it is a solid, less volatile substance, white, crystalline in appearance, neutral reaction, non-flammable, resistant to heat and moisture. Hexanitroethane cannot be caused to explode on its own by violent impact or friction, but by means of a detonator. It is expedient to mix it with combustible substances, which can also be explosive themselves, and thus, depending on the mixing ratios and the nature of the constituents, obtain particularly powerful propellants, explosives or ignition agents.
Den bisher bekannten Nitrozellulose- oder Nitroglyzerinpulvern zugesetzt, gestattet es, deren ballistische Leistungsfähigkeit wesentlich zu steigern. Ein kräftiges Geschützpulver besteht z. B. aus 68 Nitrozellulose, 16 Hexanitroäthan, 9 Trinitrotoluol, 7 Diäthyldiphenylharnstoff. Die Bestandteile werden zunächst feucht innig gemischt, dann durch Anwendung von Wärme miteinander gelatiniert, getrocknet und schließlich mit Hilfe von geheizten Walzen oder Pressen in die gewünschte Form gebracht.Added to the previously known nitrocellulose or nitroglycerine powders, it allows to significantly increase their ballistic performance. A powerful gun powder consists z. B. from 68 nitrocellulose, 16 hexanitroethane, 9 trinitrotoluene, 7 diethyldiphenylurea. The components are first thoroughly mixed while moist, then gelatinized with one another by the application of heat and dried and finally brought into the desired shape with the help of heated rollers or presses.
Als starkes Sprengmittel, welches in seiner Wirkung die Sprenggelatine übertrifft, eignet sich eine Mischung von 36 Trinitrotoluol mit 64 Hexanitroäthan. Man schmilzt das Trinitrotoluol, löst das Hexanitroäthan in dieser Schmelze auf, läßt erkalten, körnt und patroniert die Masse. Die Mischung von 55 Trinitrotoluol mit 45 Hexanitroäthan ist noch weniger stoßempfindlich als Trinitrotoluol, dennoch aber von weit größerer Energie, eignet sich also besonders gut zur Füllung von Granaten, Minen »und Torpedos.As a strong disintegrant, which is more effective than the disintegration gelatine, is suitable a mixture of 36 trinitrotoluene with 64 hexanitroethane. One melts the trinitrotoluene, dissolves the hexanitroethane in this melt, lets it cool, granulates and patronizes the crowd. The mixture of 55 trinitrotoluene with 45 hexanitroethane is even less sensitive to shock than trinitrotoluene, nevertheless but of far greater energy, so it is particularly suitable for filling grenades, mines and torpedoes.
Die vorgenannte Masse kann schon mit einer sehr geringen Menge Knallquecksilber detoniert werden und vermag dann andere Sprengstoffe vollständig zur Detonation zu bringen; sie eignet sich daher auch zur Füllung von Sprengkapseln (an Stelle von Tri-The aforementioned mass can be achieved with a very small amount of fumed mercury are detonated and can then completely detonate other explosives bring; it is therefore also suitable for filling detonators (instead of tri-
nitrotoluol oder Tetranitromethylanilin), von denen eine besondere kräftige Initialwirküng verlangt wird.nitrotoluene or tetranitromethylaniline), of which a particularly powerful initial effect is required.
Das Hexanitroäthan wird durch Nitrierung des von Scholl dargestellten Tetranitroäthankaliums (siehe Ber. d. D. ehem. Gesellschaft 31, S. 647) gewonnen. Als Nitrierungsmittel dient ein Gemisch von rauchender Salpetersäure vom spez. Gew. 1,52 und Schwefelsäure vom spez.The hexanitroethane is obtained by nitration of the potassium tetranitroethane presented by Scholl (see Ber. d. D. former Society 31, p. 647). Serves as a nitrating agent a mixture of fuming nitric acid from spec. Weight 1.52 and sulfuric acid from spec.
Gew. 1,84. Die Nitrierung vollzieht sich glatt to bei etwa 60 ° in üblicher Weise.Weight 1.84. The nitration takes place smoothly at about 60 ° in the usual way.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE277594C true DE277594C (en) |
Family
ID=533675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT277594D Active DE277594C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE277594C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2560439A (en) * | 1947-02-14 | 1951-07-10 | Borg Warner | Liquid explosive consisting of a nitroparaffin and n-dodecane |
US3042559A (en) * | 1948-06-01 | 1962-07-03 | Purdue Research Foundation | Propellants |
-
0
- DE DENDAT277594D patent/DE277594C/de active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2560439A (en) * | 1947-02-14 | 1951-07-10 | Borg Warner | Liquid explosive consisting of a nitroparaffin and n-dodecane |
US3042559A (en) * | 1948-06-01 | 1962-07-03 | Purdue Research Foundation | Propellants |
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