DE2760388C2 - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for central locking or unlocking of several locking devices devices according to the characteristics of the waiter Concept of claim 1.

Such devices are becoming increasingly popular Dimensions built into modern automobiles by means of a central operating switch for all vehicle doors and lock the trunk lid if necessary or to be able to unlock. They are already central doors locking devices known in which as Ver locking or unlocking element each a Ma magnetic coil is used. Because the current draw of this magnet spool is relatively high and because it comes from cost it makes sense to set up these solenoids not for permanent use To interpret operation, is at a known facility via the operating switch one out of two Triggered pulse generators, at whose outputs the Ma solenoids are connected.

In a device of this type according to the US-PS 40 13 930 two monostable timers are used det, so regardless of the duration of the Operating switch the solenoids only for a defi excited duration of time. When running after DE-OS 26 26 778, however, two timers with astable behavior used to the fixed contacts of the operating switch designed as a changeover switch are closed and can be activated alternately. In the pulse triggered by these astable timers as a result, the pulse time is significantly smaller than the pau time between two pulses, so that even at length actuation of the operating switch and thus one corresponding to the long duration of the pulse train, the Ma the magnetic coil is not overheated. With these known Executions are therefore two timers (impulse ge ber) required, which reduces the expenditure of electronic Components becomes very large.

In DE-OS 19 55 239 a device for zen Central locking or unlocking of vehicle doors described, in which the control time by a for the Locking elements and the unlocking elements common timer with monostable behavior be is bordered. Compared to the previously mentioned device The expense of electronic construction is thereby reduced sharing significantly reduced. This timer has certain measured two inputs, which can be operated separately drive switches are controllable. Between company scarf ter and timer therefore two lines are required which requires a certain amount of circuitry calls, because the operating switches are usually at such devices in the motor vehicle doors builds while the central control unit with this time link is often housed in the engine compartment.

In these known designs, the operation switch to a neutral position in which no timer is activated is controlled. Such execution is possible if the operating switch, for example via the closing cycle is operated by a motor vehicle door lock, which after opening or closing again in its neutral position springs back. However, the up construction of an operating switch with three switch positions relatively complicated and such an operation switch can also not be used in all cases the.

In the older DE-OS 27 30 387 a lock proposed device at which the operating switch is coupled to the internal locking button and consequently has only two switching positions. The This simplifies the structure of the operating switch and due to the operation of the operation switch You can now also use the internal locking button the doors from the vehicle interior ent or ver be locked. With such an execution now but in every switch position of the operating switch  Timer controlled and there is therefore a risk that this timer in the event of changes in the company triggering and then unintentionally the Ent- or locking elements are controlled.

In particular, there is this risk when creating the Operating voltage and because of the then occurring ho electricity, it is not uncommon for the system to fail accepted.

The present invention is therefore the object based on such an execution with an in controlled every switching position of the operating switch tem timer with simple means wrong switching excluded as far as possible.

This task is inventively with the kenn Drawing features of claim 1 solved.

The invention is based on the idea that a manual switch-off of the timer is not inconsiderable is essential if you go through a protective scarf tion ensures that when switching on the operation voltage (connecting the battery) no control im pulse is triggered.

The basic idea of the invention is in execution conditions with one timer each for the locking element and the unlocking element applicable. With a be preferred development of the invention, however, is intended in order to reduce the effort for electronic Components the control time for the locking elements te and the unlocking elements by a single ge common timer with monostable behavior be be limited.

The triggering of the timing element is such Execution via one of the firm's contacts switch triggered, its movable contact on Mass lies. In principle, there is only one time the capacitor is necessary, but care must be taken be that this before the switchover time of Operating switch is discharged. This can be done through the Achieve measure according to claim 5. Another two capacitors are provided, one of which can discharge itself while the other others are charging. This measure according to An saying 6 will ensure that the after switching condenser driven by the operating switch is discharged.

So that the response time of the timer as un as possible depending on the temperature differences and loading voltage fluctuations, you become an off leadership according to the features of claim 7 with a two-stage, feedback amplifier choose. This triggers the timing element as a result of voltage drops due to the measure Claim 8 effectively avoided. A quick discharge of the time-determining capacitor is determined by the Measure ensured according to claim 9. This out leadership also has the advantage that according to An say 11 the trigger signal from the operation switch on the output of the timer acts so that decoupling can be omitted.

A reliable device with a manual only adjustable in two switch positions switch is also with the features of the claim 14 created, in which the operating switch electro is magnetically reset to a neutral position. This version also has a response protection given when applying the operating voltage, whereby now the protective circuit on the Be drive switch acts and the known version manual reset of the operating switch in  replaced a neutral position.

The invention is illustrated below in the Exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings described. In these block diagrams there are components le, which is only used as interference protection or to stabilize the Tensions are necessary for reasons of over Visibility not shown.

It shows

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram in which the timer is triggered by the fixed contacts of the operating scarf ters of an embodiment, with a protection circuit,

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment according to Fig. 1 with another protection circuit and a circuit addition for rapidly discharging the zeitbe tuning capacitors,

3 shows a further basic circuit diagram in which the time-determining capacitor through a switching element will load ent., Which is turned on at the beginning of switching the operation switch,

Fig. 4 a schematic diagram of processing of a first embodiment with a two-stage amplifier and protective circuit,

Figure 5 is a second embodiment of a zweistu-stage amplifier, in which the time-determining capacitor Kon which is controlled by the end of the response time is discharged through a switching element.,

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram in which the trigger signal is applied to the output of the timing element of an embodiment,

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the operating switch is reset to its neutral position via the timing element and

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for a locking or unlocking element driven by a rotationally reversible electric motor.

In Fig. 1, an embodiment is shown in which the operating switch 11 is designed as a changeover switch, but in practice never assumes a stable neutral switching position. It can be assumed that this operating switch 11 is coupled to the bolt of a motor vehicle door lock and thus does not trigger a pulse in practice but a continuous signal. The movable contact 14 of this operating switch 11 is at a fixed potential, namely at the ground potential and the timer 10 is triggered via the fixed contacts 12 and 13 respectively.

In the timer 10 , three resistors 40 , 41 and 42 are connected in series, this series connection via the parallel connection of two time-determining capacitors 43 and 44 in series with elements working as coupling diodes 45 and 46 with the fixed contacts 12 and 13 of the operating switch 11 is. The voltage drop across the resistor 40 serves as a control voltage for a power transistor 35 , at the collector of which two relays 17 and 18 are connected in parallel. These relays 17 and 18 are also connected via diodes 47 and 48 to the fixed contacts 12 and 13 of the operating switch. To discharge the two time-determining capacitors 43 and 44, the resistors 49 and 50 and the diode 51 .

The circuit works as follows: It is assumed that in the switching position of the operating switch 11 shown, the capacitor 44 is discharged via the diode 51 and the resistor 49 . If the operating switch is now switched to the other switching position, the capacitor 44 is charged via the resistors 40 , 41 , 42 and the diode 45 and the movable contact of the operating switch 11 . During this charging time, a voltage drops across the resistor 40 , which is sufficient to control the power transistor 35 . So that the relay 17 he stimulates, one of which is connected via the switching path of the power transistor 35 to the positive potential and whose other connection via the diode 47 and the operating switch is at ground potential. The associated magnetic coil 16 is also excited and closes the motor vehicle door for example. After a response time of, for example, 100 ms, the capacitor 44 is charged and the charging current flowing through the resistor 40 has decayed to the extent that the power transistor 35 blocks again. The monostable switching operation is now complete.

It is essential to this circuit that two Zeitbe voting capacitors 45 and 46 cooperate with a Transi stor 35 . Compared to the known version with two separate timing elements, this results in substantial savings. It is also essential that one time-determining capacitor can discharge while the other is charging. The circuit has a very short readiness time.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the timer is permanently connected to the operating voltage because the operation switch has no neutral position. It has now been shown that the timer is also triggered when, for example after completing any repair work on the motor vehicle, the battery voltage is reconnected. This is particularly disadvantageous when many locking elements on the motor vehicle are controlled, because then the inrush current with a current of more than 100 amperes could destroy the battery. The timer is therefore assigned a protective circuit 60 which prevents the triggering of a pulse when the operating voltage is applied. The protective circuit 60 has a capacitor 61 which is connected in series with two resistors 62 and 63 between the plus potential 19 and the ground 22 . The voltage drop at the counter 63 was used as a control voltage for a transistor 64 , the collector of which is connected to the common circuit point of the two resistors 41 and 42 in the timing element 10 . The capacitor 61 can discharge via the diode 65 and the resistor 66 , the resistor 66 also being a consumer in the motor vehicle, for example. It is therefore only shown in dashed lines.

This protective circuit works as follows: When the battery voltage is applied, the capacitor 61 charges up very quickly via the control path of the transistor 64 and the resistor 62 . At the first moment when the supply voltage for the timing element 10 is switched on, the transistor 64 is conductive. This means that practically the plus potential is at the common circuit point between the two resistors 41 and 42 , so that the transistor 35 remains safely blocked. Only when the capacitor 61 has charged, the transistor 64 blocks and the timer 10 works in the manner described above. The Ladespan voltage of the capacitor 21 thus serves during the charging time as a blocking voltage for a transistor, namely the power transistor 35 , the timing element. The arrangement must of course be switched so that the function of the timing element 10 is not affected after the capacitor 61 has been charged. This is just achieved by the transistor 64 then blocked.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the timing element is constructed in accordance with the embodiment in FIG. 1, but the discharge circuit for the time-sensitive capacitors 43 and 44 via additional decoupling diodes 53 and 54 as well as series resistors 55 and 56 and the contact sets 57 and 58 of relays 17 and 18 is closed.

From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the relay 18 was driven in the switching position of the operating switch 11 shown . This means that the contact set 58 was closed and thus a circuit via the resistor 56 and the diode 53 and the diode 51 was closed to discharge the capacitor 44 . During the response time of the timer 10 , ie during the charging time of the capacitor 43 , the other time-determining capacitor 44 was discharged from the contact set of the controlled relay 18 .

In addition, Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the protection circuit 60. The capacitor 61 is charged very quickly via the resistor 62 when the operating voltage is applied. Via the diode 67 , the voltage drop across the resistor 62 is coupled during the charging time to the common circuit point of the resistors 41 and 42 , so that the transistor 35 in turn remains blocked. As soon as the capacitor 61 is fully charged, the diode 67 is blocked, so that the protective circuit 60 can no longer influence the timing element 10 .

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the circuit of the actual timing element corresponds to the embodiments already described. For this reason, corresponding reference numerals have been used for the individual electronic components. However, now only a time-determining capacitor 43 is seen before, which is connected via the two decoupling diodes 45 and 46 to the fixed contacts 12 and 13 of the operating switch. It must now be ensured who the that this capacitor quickly discharges during the switching time of the operating switch 11 , so that a new pulse is triggered immediately when the movable contact 14 is switched to the other fixed contacts. Via the series connection of two resistors 70 and 71 , the potential at the common connection point of the time-determining capacitor 43 and the two decoupling diodes 45 and 46 is scanned and fed to a control transistor 72 . The transistor 72 controls a further transistor 76 via the resistors 73 , 74 and 75 , the working resistor 77 of which is connected to the one terminal of the time-determining capacitor 43 . In conducting Tran sistor 76, this capacitor 43 may ode via the di 51 and very rapidly discharge the switching path of the transistor 76 and the low-resistance load resistor 77th

As long as the operating switch 11 rests on one of the two fixed contacts 12 and 13 , the transistor 72 and thus also the transistor 76 is blocked. As soon as the movable contact 14 lifts from one of the fixed contacts 12 or 13 , the potential at the circuit point 78 becomes positive and the transistor 72 conducts and thus controls the transistor 76 . It is therefore essential in this embodiment that when the operating switch begins to switch, a discharge circuit for the capacitor 43 is closed via a switching element, namely the transistor 76 , which has a very low impedance. This low-resistance discharge circuit is blocked again immediately if the movable contact 14 of the operating switch is switched to the other fixed contact. The protective circuit according to FIG. 2 now influences the transistor 76 in FIG. 3. Namely, while the capacitor 61 is charging, the transistor 76 is turned on , so that the discharge circuit for the capacitor 43 is closed. This means that it cannot charge itself, so that the timer is not triggered until the charging voltage at capacitor 61 blocks transistor 76 .

In the embodiments according the previously-described NEN Fig. 1 to 3, the response time of the timing circuit voltage and temperature dependent. This could of course be corrected by suitable voltage stabilizer circuits and appropriate diodes for temperature stabilization. However, the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is better, in which the timing element 10 contains a two-stage amplifier with the transistors 80 and 81 . The collector of transistor 81 is coupled to the base of transistor 80 via a resistor 82 . The Ar beitsistor 83 of the transistor 80 is connected to the common connection point of the two decoupling diodes 45 and 46 . The charging voltage of the time-determining capacitor 43 is fed to the control input of the transistor 80 as a control voltage via a series resistor 84 . In addition, the control voltage of this transistor 80 is still affected by the voltage drop at a low-resistance measuring resistor 85 , via which the operating current of both transistors 80 and 81 flows. A resistor 86 connects the control input of transistor 80 to the plus potential.

The circuit described works as follows: In the idle state, the capacitor 43 is charged and thus the transistor 80 is conductive. The conductive transistor 80 blocks the power transistor 81 . If the movable contact 14 is now lifted off the fixed contact 12 , the entire circuit becomes dead. The capacitor 43 can now discharge very quickly via the low ohmic resistors 84 and 86 . As soon as the movable contact 14 rests on the other fixed contact 13 , the capacitor 43 charges over the opposing stand 42 and the diode 46 again. During this charging time, transistor 80 is blocked and transistor 81 is thus conductive. The relay 17 responds and switches the corresponding solenoid. It is essential in this circuit that the resistor 82 works as a feedback resistor, because as soon as the Transi stor 81 begins to conduct, a voltage increasing in the positive direction is applied to the control input of the transistor 80 , so that this transistor quickly blocks. Because of the feedback resistor 82 , a very clean switching behavior is achieved. The function of the resistor 85 is also essential. This resistance ensures that the time limb is not triggered unintentionally in the event of voltage dips in the vehicle electrical system. This resistor 85 effects the following coupling process: If the supply voltage drops in the idle state, the operating current through the transistor 80 also becomes lower. This also reduces the voltage drop across this resistor 85 , with the result that the emitter of the transistor 80 becomes more negative, but not to the same extent as the base of this transistor 80 . This ensures that transistor 80 remains conductive and thus blocks transistor 81 .

The resistor 85 also has a significant influence when the timer is triggered by the operating switch.

Because the operating current through the transistor 81 and the relay 17 flows through this resistor 85 , the emitter of the transistor 80 becomes more negative, so that this transistor 80 is reliably blocked. The resistor 85 thus has a double function and it must be pointed out that this circuit measure can also be used with such devices if two timing elements for actuating the unlocking or locking elements are used.

Also, the circuit of FIG. 4 has a protective circuit with the capacitor 61 and the resistor 62 which are connected between the control input of the transistor 80 and ground. When the operating voltage is applied, a charging current flows into the capacitor 61 via the control path of the transistor 80 and the resistor 62 , so that the transistor 80 is controlled to be conductive. As soon as the capacitor 61 is charged, the function of the timing element is no longer influenced, because the charging voltage of the capacitor 43 is effectively transferred via the voltage divider from the resistors 84 and 62 to the control input of the transistor 80 .

In the circuit of Fig. 4, it has been found that the time interval during switching of the operation switch for discharging the capacitor 43 is not sufficient under certain circumstances. In the embodiment of Fig. 5 is therefore the capacitor, a low discharge circuit associated with a switching element connected to the end of the response time of the timer is Runaway controls. The transistor 90 serves as the switching element, the control input of which is connected to the collector of the transistor 81 via the resistor 91 . The switching path of this transistor 90 is parallel to the condenser 43 , where a current limiting resistor 92 may be used. In addition, the circuit according to FIG. 5 differs from that according to FIG. 4 by the fact that instead of the decoupling diodes 46 and 45, the four resistors 93 occur.

The rapid discharge of the capacitor 43 works as follows: As long as the transistor 81 is blocked, the transistor 90 is conductive because a current can flow to ground via its control path and the resistor 91 and the winding of the relay 17 . The capacitor 43 can now discharge over the switching path of the transistor 90 . At the control input of transistor 80, however , because of the voltage division across resistors 84 and 82, such a voltage is present that transistor 80 is conductive.

If the operating switch is now reloaded into a different switching position, the entire circuit is briefly de-energized. As soon as the movable con tact 14 of the operating switch is connected to a fixed contact 12 or 13 , the time-determining capacitor 43 is charged via one of the resistors 93 , but in the first moment of switching the operating switch the transistor 80 is immediately blocked and thus the transistor 80 is immediately turned on so that there is almost positive potential in the collector of transistor 81 . The transistor 90 is then not turned on.

Also in this circuit of FIG. 5, a protection circuit with the capacitor 61 is necessary when the operating switch has no neutral shift position and is Untitled from the latches of the motor vehicle door lock betae. The circuit of FIG. 6 corresponds to the essential functions of the circuit of FIG. 5, but with the difference that now the Trig is switched gersignal over the fixed contacts and the winding of the two relays 17 and 18 directly to the output of the timer. As a result, decoupling diodes or the resistors 93 in FIG. 5 can be omitted. This initiation of the trigger pulses to the output of the timing element is possible because the time-determining capacitor 43 is short-circuited via the switching path of the transistor 90 and therefore a renewed pulse is only triggered after the operating switch has been switched over.

Finally, Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the timer does not act on the solenoid coils, but le lelich has the task of resetting the movable contact 14 of the operating switch after the pulse time. For this purpose, an electromagnet 95 is provided, the armature of which acts on the movable contact 14 . This movable magnet 95 is driven by the timing element with the time-determining capacitor 43 and the power transistor 35 . This very simple circuit works as follows:
The movable contact 14 of the operating switch 11 is coupled to the latch of the motor vehicle door lock. In practice, this means that the movable contact 14 is carried along by the bolt, but then bumps against one of the fixed contacts 12 or 13 and is thereby released from the bolt, so that it can also be withdrawn, although the bolt initially switches its switch position maintains. As soon as the charging voltage of the capacitor 43 reaches the threshold voltage of the Zener diode 98 , the transistor 35 is turned on via the resistor 99 . This switching state is reached after about 100 msec, that is, exactly after the period of time sufficient to excite the magnetic coils 15 and 16 of the locking or unlocking elements. After this period, the electromagnet 95 switches the movable contact 14 back to its neutral switching position and the switching process is ended. The exporting tion of FIG. 7 is therefore particularly advantageous since the magnetic coil 15 and 16 is controlled directly through the switch and interlocked because in this switch, the timer can be integrated directly. This results in particularly simple wiring. The resistors 93 serve as decoupling elements and can optionally also be replaced by diodes.

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment in which an electric motor 100 reversible in the direction of rotation serves as a drive for a locking or unlocking element which can be connected directly to the operating voltage via a reversing switch 101 . In the example shown in the drawings embodiment, the polarity reversal switch on ser 101 has two sets of contacts 102 and 103 which are actuated by the relay 17 and 8 l depending on the switching position of the operating switch. 11 To control these relays 17 and 18 , the timers described above can be used. The timing element shown in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that each capacitor 43 or 44 has its own charging resistor 42 or 42 'and its own discharge circuit via the diode 51 or 51 '. This saves two components compared to the imple mentation of FIG. 1.

The operation of the electric motor 100 via a in the pulse-controlled pole-reversal switch 101 has the particular advantage that mechanical or thermal overload overloads are not necessary, since this electric motor is switched off again after a short period of operation. The reversing switch can also be reset in accordance with the embodiment according to FIG. 7. Finally, it is also conceivable to equip the pole-reversal switch with an inhibitor mechanism or a spring mechanism, so that it is automatically reset. The electrical timer can then len.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, individual components can be exchanged for one another. In some cases, an electric motor can be used as the drive instead of the electromagnets. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, on the other hand, instead of the electric motor, a magnetic coil could be controlled which works together with a magnetized magnetic core.

The Ausführungsbei shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 play each have only one timer, said timer, both the response time of the Verrie gelungsmagnetspulen as well as the Entriegelungsma gnetspulen limited. The amount of components is therefore reduced compared to the known circuit, each with a timer for the locking or unlocking element.

The circuits are characterized by a large loading drive safety and are partly due to the ver used decoupling diodes absolutely polarized. Dar in addition, these circuits also work in wall-free when the switching operation switch is done very quickly. They are also sturdy Tension-proof, because even connecting and disconnecting the bat terie does not trigger any impulses because the corresponding Protection circuits are used.

Claims (19)

1. A device for central locking or unlocking a plurality of locking devices, in particular for doors in motor vehicles, with a loading operating switch via which the locking elements are controlled in one switch position and the unlocking elements are controlled in the switch position, the activation time being controlled by a timer is limited, the operating switch controls a timer in all switching positions, characterized in that the timer ( 10 ) is assigned a protective circuit ( 60 ) which triggers a trigger pulse for the locking and unlocking elements ( 15 , 16 ) prevented for a certain period of time after applying the operating voltage ( 19 , 22 ). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuation time is limited by a for the locking elements ( 15 ) and the unlocking elements ( 16 ) only common timer ( 10 ) with monostable behavior, which is triggered when the operating switch is actuated. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the operating switch ( 11 ) is a switch, via whose fixed contacts ( 12 , 13 ) the locking elements ( 15 ) and the unlocking elements ( 16 ) are controlled and the timer ( 10 ) is triggered while the moveable contact ( 14 ) is connected to a fixed potential, preferably ground ( 22 ). 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that on the fixed contacts ( 12 , 13 ) of the operating switch ( 11 ) via decoupling elements ( 45 , 46 ) a time-determining capacitor ( 43 ) is closed, which in the control circuit of a transistor ( 35 ), which closes the operating circuit ( 11 ) leading to the locking or unlocking elements ( 15 , 16 ) indirectly or directly via the operating switch ( 11 ). 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the time-determining capacitor ( 43 ) is associated with a low-resistance discharge circuit with egg NEM switch element, preferably a switching transistor ( 76 ) which is controlled by the start of switching the operating switch ( 11 ) and so that the discharge circuit for the capacitor ( 43 ) closes. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that via decoupling elements ( 45 , 46 ) to each of the fixed contacts ( 12 , 13 ) one of two time-determining capacitors ( 43 , 44 ) are connected, which in the control circuit of the same ben transistor ( 35 ) are connected, the operating circuit ( 11 ) leading circuit for the locking or unlocking elements ( 15 , 16 ) controls, the discharge circuit of each capacitor ( 43 , 44 ) via a contact set ( 57 , 58 ) leads, which is closed during the charging time of the other capacitor ( 44 , 43 ). 7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the timing element ( 10 ) contains a two-stage amplifier ( 80 , 81 ), the control voltage of the first transistor ( 80 ) from the charging voltage of the time-determining capacitor ( 43 ) is derived and wherein the output voltage of the second transistor ( 81 ) is fed back to the control input of the first transistor ( 80 ). 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the control voltage of the first Tran sistor ( 80 ) is influenced by the voltage drop at a Wi resistor ( 85 ) over which the Be operating currents of both transistors ( 80 , 81 ) flow. 9. Device according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the time-determining capacitor ( 43 ) is discharged via a switch element, preferably before a switching transistor ( 90 ) which is controlled by the end of the response time of the time element ( 10 ). 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the time-determining capacitor ( 43 ), the switching path of a transistor ( 90 ) is connected in parallel, the control input of which is influenced by the output voltage of the timing element ( 10 ). 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the trigger signal from the operating switch ( 11 ) via the fixed contacts ( 12 , 13 ) acts on the output of the timer ( 10 ). 12. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the operating switch ( 11 ) is actuated via the locking bolt of a motor vehicle door lock. 13. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective circuit ( 60 ) has a capacitor ( 61 ), the charging voltage during the charging time serves as a blocking voltage for a transistor of the timing element ( 10 ). 14. Device, in particular according to at least ei nem of the preceding claims, characterized in that the operating switch (11) is carried along can be released via the locking bolt of a motor vehicle door lock and activates the timer of a magnet (95), of the operation switch (11) in its Neutral position resets. 15. Device according to at least one of the previously outgoing claims, characterized in that the locking or unlocking element of a voltage-reversible electrical machine is driven with a pole reversal switch Zero position directly on the operating voltage is closable. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized ge indicates that the pole reversal switch by two Relay is controlled, this relay from the common timer can be controlled. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized ge indicates that the pole reversal switch as mecha nically self-resetting timer is. 18. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the electroma is an electric motor. 19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the electroma shine through a magnetic winding and a ma gnetized magnetic core is formed.