DE2757628A1 - Edge-sealing two superposed plastics films together - and severing along the resulting seams, using smooth welding tool and contoured counter-tool - Google Patents

Edge-sealing two superposed plastics films together - and severing along the resulting seams, using smooth welding tool and contoured counter-tool

Info

Publication number
DE2757628A1
DE2757628A1 DE19772757628 DE2757628A DE2757628A1 DE 2757628 A1 DE2757628 A1 DE 2757628A1 DE 19772757628 DE19772757628 DE 19772757628 DE 2757628 A DE2757628 A DE 2757628A DE 2757628 A1 DE2757628 A1 DE 2757628A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
welding
tool
welded
contour
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19772757628
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE2757628C2 (en
Inventor
Heinz Hinterseer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KIEFEL HOCHFREQUENZ PAUL
Original Assignee
KIEFEL HOCHFREQUENZ PAUL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KIEFEL HOCHFREQUENZ PAUL filed Critical KIEFEL HOCHFREQUENZ PAUL
Priority to DE2757628A priority Critical patent/DE2757628C2/en
Publication of DE2757628A1 publication Critical patent/DE2757628A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2757628C2 publication Critical patent/DE2757628C2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
    • B29C65/028—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of inherent heat, i.e. the heat for the joining comes from the moulding process of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7441—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc for making welds and cuts of other than simple rectilinear form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0044—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined using a separating sheet, e.g. fixed on the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Welding has superposed plastics films together along a welding contour of any configuration and/or application of an embossment relief, e.g. a (cursive) inscription, comprises conveying the films to be welded, upon a heat-resistant (e.g. polyamide) belt and introducing the heat necessary for heating the weld seam to melting temp., using a continuously heated welding tool having a smooth surface, through a separating band into the material to be welded. During the welding step, the material being welded bears upon a cold or slightly heated counter-tool whose configuration corresponds to that of the intended welding contour. Mechanical and thermal stresses exerted upon the separating band are relatively low so that it need not be replaced very often. Cutting electrodes which allow severing of the welded films very close to the resulting seam can be used.

Description

PatentbeschreibungPatent description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verschweißen thermoplastischer Folien Zusatzanmeldung zur Patentanmeldung Nr. 26 23 005 vom 22.05.1976 In der genannten Anmeldung wird ein Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, speziell Polyolefinen, sowie die zur Ausführung des Verfahrens erforderliche Maschine beschrieben.Method and device for welding thermoplastic films Additional application to patent application No. 26 23 005 from May 22, 1976 in the above Registration is a process for welding foils made of thermoplastics, especially polyolefins, as well as the machine required to carry out the process described.

Dieses Verfahren arbeitet in der Preise, daß die beiden längs einer beliebigen Kontur miteinander zu verschweißenden übereinander liegenden Folienbahnen zwischen zwei umlaufenden Transportbändern geführt werden, von denen zumindest das obere aus hochhitzebeständigem Material, beispielsweise Polyimid, besteht und daß die zur Erwärmung des Folienmaterials auf Schmelztemperatur erforderliche Wärme mittels eines dauerbeheizten Schweißsteges, der die Form der gewünschten Schweißkontur besitzt, durch die hitzebeständige Schicht während einer kurzen Einwirkungszeit unter Druck herangeführt wird. Nach des Abheben des Schweißstempels von der hitzebeständigen Trennfolie werden die beiden zu verschweißenden Folien ohne gevenseltlge Relativbewegung zwischen den Transportbändern weitertransportiert, wobei die Abkühlung der Schweißnaht auf Erstarrungstemperatur erfolgt.This method works in the prices that the two along one Any contour to be welded to one another, one on top of the other, film webs between two circulating conveyor belts, of which at least that upper made of highly heat-resistant material, such as polyimide, and that the heat required to heat the film material to the melting temperature by means of a permanently heated welding bar that takes the shape of the desired welding contour possesses, due to the heat-resistant layer during a short exposure time is brought under pressure. After lifting the welding die from the heat-resistant one The two foils to be welded become separating film without any mutual relative movement transported further between the conveyor belts, with the cooling of the weld seam takes place at the solidification temperature.

Das beschriebene Verfahren hat zwei Nachteile: 1. Die mechanische und thermische Beanspruchung der hitzebeständigen Trennfolie ist verhältnismäßig hoch, so daß sie in regelmäßigen Abständen ersetzt werden muß.The method described has two disadvantages: 1. The mechanical one and thermal stress on the heat-resistant release film is proportionate high so that it must be replaced at regular intervals.

2. Das Verfahren gestattet lediglich die Herstellung einer beschränkten Zahl von Nahtformen, die Herstellung von Prägungen sowie der Einsatz von aus der Hochfrequenz-Schweißtechnik bekannten Schneidelektroden, die ein Ausreißen der geschweißten Teile aus den Folienbahnen unmittelbar neben der Schweißnaht gestatten, ist mit de genannten Verfahren nicht möglich.2. The method only allows the production of a limited one Number of seam shapes, the production of embossing and the use of from the High-frequency welding technology known cutting electrodes that tear out the welded Allow parts from the film webs directly next to the weld seam is with de mentioned procedure is not possible.

Die Aufgabenstellung bestand daher darin, das Verfahren so zu verbessern, daß die genannten Mängel vermieden werden.The task was therefore to improve the process in such a way that that the defects mentioned are avoided.

Das erfindungsgeiäße Verfahren arbeitet in der Weise, daß die beiden zu verschweißenden Folienbahnen auf der Oberseite der hitzebeständigen Trennfolie transportiert werden, während das zweite Förderband entfällt. An seiner Stelle steht im Bereich der Schweißpresse ein etwa auf Raumtemperatur gehaltenes Gegenwerkzeug, dessen Kontur der gew(lnschten Schweißkontur entspricht. Das dauerbeheizte Schweißwerkzeug, dessen Kontur der gew(lnschten Schweißkontur oder einer beliebig anderen Form, die die Schweißkontur einschließt, entspricht, ist unterhalb der Transportebene angeordnet und wird zum Schweißen an die Unterseite des wärmebeständigen Trennbandes angedrückt.The method according to the invention works in such a way that the two Foil strips to be welded on the top of the heat-resistant separating foil can be transported, while the second conveyor belt is omitted. In its place stands a counter tool in the area of the welding press that is kept at approximately room temperature, whose contour corresponds to the desired welding contour. The permanently heated welding tool, its contour of the desired welding contour or any other shape that the welding contour includes, corresponds, is arranged below the transport plane and is pressed against the underside of the heat-resistant separating tape for welding.

Wie Versuche gezeigt haben, kann durch eine entsprechende Profilierung des Gegenwerkzeuges eine große Anzahl von terschiedenen Schwelßnahtforsen sowie Prägungen hergestellt werden, insbesondere können Schne idkanten eingesetzt werden.As tests have shown, appropriate profiling the counter tool a large number of different Schwelßnahtforsen as well Embossings are produced, in particular cutting edges can be used.

Darüber hinaus bietet das beschriebene Verfahren die Vorteile, daß eines der Förderbänder eingespart werden kann und daß durch die glattflächige Ausbildung des Schweißsteppels eine wesentlich geringere echanische und thermische Beanspruchung der hitzebeständigen Trennfolie auftritt, wodurch diese ein längere Iabensdauer erhält als bisher.In addition, the method described offers the advantages that one of the conveyor belts can be saved and that by the smooth-surfaced training of the welding stitch a significantly lower mechanical and thermal stress The heat-resistant release film occurs, which gives it a longer service life received than before.

Is Verfahren kann auf der in der genannten Patentanmeldung hschriebenen Maschine durchgeführt werden. Es muß lediglich @s dauerbeheizte Schweißwerkzeuq an der Hubtischplatte der :hweißpresse und das Gegenwerkzeug an der feststehenden Oberatte befestigt und das untere Transportband aus hitzebestänger Folie ausgeführt werden, während das obere Transportband @tfällt.The method can be found in the cited patent application Machine. All that is required is a permanently heated welding tool on the lifting table plate of the: welding press and the counter tool on the stationary one Upper mat attached and the lower conveyor belt made of heat-resistant film while the upper conveyor belt @ t falls.

Claims (2)

Schutz ansprüche Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verschweißen zweier aufeinander liegender Folien aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, längs einer beliebigen Schweißkontur und/oder zur Anbringung einer Prägung, zum Beispiel eines Schriftzuges, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden zu verschweißenden Folien auf einem umlaufenden Band aus einem hochhitzebeständigem Kunststoff, beispielsweise Polyimid, transportiert werden, und daß die zur Erwärmung der Schweißnaht auf Schmelztemperatur erforderliche Wärme durch ein dauerbeheiztes Schweißwerkzeug mit glatter Oberfläche durch das Trennband hindurch in das zu verschweißende Material eingeleitet wird, das sich beim Schweißvorgang gegen ein kaltes oder temperiertes Gegenwerkzeug, dessen Kontur der gewunschten Schweißkontur entspricht, abstützt.Protection claims method and device for welding two superimposed films made of thermoplastics, along any Welding contour and / or to apply an embossing, for example a lettering, characterized in that the two foils to be welded on a circumferential Tape made of a highly heat-resistant plastic, such as polyimide, transported and that the necessary to heat the weld seam to the melting temperature Heat through a permanently heated welding tool with a smooth surface through the Separating tape is introduced through into the material to be welded, which during the welding process against a cold or tempered counter tool, its contour corresponds to the desired welding contour. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gegenwerkzeug, entsprechend der gewünschten Schweißnahtform profiliert ist und insbesondere mit einer Schneidkante versehen sein kann, die die Ausbildung von Trennähten gestattet, längs derer der geschweißte Artikel anschließend aus den Folienbahnen ausgerlssen werden kann.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter tool, is profiled according to the desired weld shape and in particular with a cutting edge can be provided, which allows the formation of separating seams, along which the welded article is subsequently released from the film webs can be.
DE2757628A 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Device for welding or embossing thermoplastic foils Expired DE2757628C2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2757628A DE2757628C2 (en) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Device for welding or embossing thermoplastic foils

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2757628A DE2757628C2 (en) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Device for welding or embossing thermoplastic foils

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2757628A1 true DE2757628A1 (en) 1979-06-28
DE2757628C2 DE2757628C2 (en) 1982-08-12

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ID=6027077

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE2757628A Expired DE2757628C2 (en) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Device for welding or embossing thermoplastic foils

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3703394C3 (en) * 1986-02-28 1993-09-30 Alkor Gmbh Method and device for welding flat plastic films, webs and / or blanks lying one on top of the other
DE3813102C1 (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-02-09 Paul Kiefel Hochfrequenz-Anlagen Gmbh, 8228 Freilassing, De Document file

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1074659A (en) * 1952-11-26 1954-10-07 Improvements in the means for assembling thermoplastic sheet materials
DE1479137A1 (en) * 1962-07-13 1969-05-08 Euclid Products Co Inc Press jaw arrangement
DE2244820A1 (en) * 1972-09-13 1974-03-21 Stiegler Maschf Felix Welding moving thermoplastic sheets - using vibratory welding bar to permit sliding of sheets between welding bars without sticking

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1074659A (en) * 1952-11-26 1954-10-07 Improvements in the means for assembling thermoplastic sheet materials
DE1479137A1 (en) * 1962-07-13 1969-05-08 Euclid Products Co Inc Press jaw arrangement
DE2244820A1 (en) * 1972-09-13 1974-03-21 Stiegler Maschf Felix Welding moving thermoplastic sheets - using vibratory welding bar to permit sliding of sheets between welding bars without sticking

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2757628C2 (en) 1982-08-12

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8110 Request for examination paragraph 44
8162 Independent application
D2 Grant after examination