DE2753600A1 - FLIGHT CONDITION DISPLAY AND SIGNAL SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

Flight status display and signal system

The invention relates to further developments of a display and signal system described in the main patent and in two additional patents.

With such a system the goal is pursued, the pilot of an aircraft to provide information relating to the behavior or control of the aircraft, namely in such a way that the pilot does not have to interrupt his external observations.

It is known that in the case of a rotary wing aircraft, this information is useful in ordinary information Flight status display or a display of runway guidance or the flight itself exist.

In general, the indicating and signaling systems of this type essentially comprise at least:

- a converter that converts the analog or numerical information, which correspond to the information that one would like to provide the pilot with, in corresponding light or Light signals transformed;

- a transmission part through which the luminous characters can be channeled and transmitted to an image forming part} and

- a projector part (or lens) through which the thus obtained Images are projected on the windshield, preferably in the axis of the pilot's visual field.

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In particular, it is the aim of the invention to provide a further developed To create unity through the performance of the display and optical systems, as above set, is improved.

A first development according to the invention pertaining to the mode of transmission and the shaping of the images. The purpose of this is, on the one hand, to provide a better final display of the images is achieved and on the other hand at least two adjacent or interpenetrating Images are created.

In order to achieve this, the following devices are used according to the invention for the transmission of light signals by means of optical fibers suggested:

1) At the level of the transmitter and the receiver, the fibers are combed and mutually precisely aligned in parallel, so that the incident light beam at the receiver is approximately perpendicular to the end cross-section of each fiber and the out the light beams emitted from the ends of the transmitter side of the fibers are precisely aligned in parallel.

2) The arrangements of the ends of the transmitter side of this optical Fiber bundles that are used to generate the images (objects) must represent geometrical shapes that have a Allow sequencing, especially when symbols are to be generated that are shifted on a scale will.

3) The distribution of the arrangements in the focal plane is shown that a mutual penetration in one and the same zone several with different information loaded bundle groups is possible.

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Another further development according to the invention aims to solve the problems with regard to the mixing of different Dissolve information on a same area of the windshield with one and the same lens should be thrown.

To achieve this object ^v essentially three ROPOSALS be made according to the invention:

A first proposal for a solution consists in the use of several imager parts, which are connected to an optical mixer, which has as many channels as there are image former parts.

His second solution is instead of a single one Several mixers connected in series are added to the sweeping channel mixer that have a limited number of channels, e.g. a number of several two-channel mixers with partially reflective or multicolored mirrors.

Another improvement of the present invention relates to the control of the imager part and more particularly to the problem with regard to the multiplexing of the information supplied by the computing part in the form of numerical electrical Signals that are to be converted into light or luminous symbols in the object focal point area of the lens.

The invention proposes a simple solution to this problem by using the known properties the persistence of the retinal image, i.e. the sluggishness of the eyes, and the remanence and inertia of luminous or light sources can be used.

Thus, instead of a simultaneous formation of several

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Objects in the focal planes of the lens the objects formed successively with a frequency such that the successive interruptions are not visible to the eye are perceptible, which is why the various objects are continuously visible to the eye of the beholder on the windshield and appear at the same time.

Another problem that is solved by the invention is that due to the fact that the from Objectively outgoing bundles, or at least those that are reflected from the windshield, parallel run, is necessary to obtain an image of the desired size, to use lenses as objective lenses, which have dimensions corresponding to the size of the image. If one wants a picture of considerable size, then it is accordingly required to use optical systems of appropriate dimensions.

In addition, it is known that these optical systems in the free spaces behind the instrument panel of the Filoten should be accommodated. Due to the very narrow space that generally exists here, it is not possible to accommodate space-consuming optical systems, which is why no images with large dimensions can be created.

Thus, it is object of the invention to eliminate this disadvantage, it is therefore proposed a system by which the dimensions of the projected the ^w indschutzscheibe the airplane image be increased without increasing the space requirement proportional.

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The system according to the invention has at least two parallel mirrors, at least one of which is partially reflective is. The mirrors are brought into the light beam emitted by the lens in such a way that the beam is initially hits a partially reflective mirror where it is at least partially reflected to the windshield, in order to create a first image, and partly transferred to the second mirror, which, if it is fully reflective is, this part of the beam is reflected to form a second image identical to the first image, wherein take the mirrors in such a position that the images appear lined up, preferably vertically above or horizontally next to each other.

It goes without saying that the image form should be carefully chosen in order to achieve a good juxtaposition got to.

In the aforementioned display and signal systems, it is an absolute prerequisite for achieving good visibility the information thrown on the windshield, that the beam of light rays reflected back from the iron of the windshield run parallel.

In order to achieve this, when using a flat windshield it is sufficient for all projection parts to be optical To use a system or lens that infinitely collimates the image provided by the forming part of an image.

It is clear that such an optical system cannot be used with a curved windshield,

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because the rays running parallel at the exit of the lens after reflection from the windshield converge, which is why the characters thrown on the windshield are difficult to see.

This disadvantage is also eliminated by the invention. For this purpose, the .Erfindung in the optical system mentioned provides a correction device through which the Deficiency with regard to the parallelism of the light rays of the reflected beam is at least partially compensated for will.

According to a feature of the invention, the correction device consists of a lens, the shape of which has been appropriately chosen, so that the rays of the bundle of rays emitted by the lens diverge by an angle that corresponds to each other corresponds to the angular spacing of the reflected beam resulting from the shape of the windshield.

It must be emphasized in this regard that due to the relatively complex shape of the windshield, which is mostly the shape of a cone sector with elliptical Has basis, and due to the fact that the projection is not on an axis of symmetry or starting from a Center of symmetry is made, it is practically impossible to create a lens or a set of lenses through which or that all angular deviations can be compensated for regardless of their direction.

To simplify the formation of lenses or lens sets, it is proposed according to the invention that each bundle be corrected to be carried out only in the preferred level.

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Accordingly, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lens used is cylindrical - cylindrical Lens, which is why the correction is mainly in the parallel, perpendicular to the generatrix of the Lens gradient planes is performed.

A further development of the invention relates to the projection part of the projection system (or lens) that is thereon aims to maximize the field of the projection system so that the pilot can see all of the projected images can take note, even if he is to the side of the system.

It is known that the dimensions of the field of the optical system are a function of the distance from the eye to the perforated disk of the objective (whereby this plane can also be that of a lens or a part of the objective whose mode of operation is similar to the perforated disc).

According to the invention it is therefore proposed that the optical To shorten the distance from the lens to the projection zone on the windshield as much as possible, namely by opening the exit lens at the level of the level of the upper part of the canopy (auvent) is arranged to the extent that this level is the lower Represents delimitation of the normal downward field of view of the pilot.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 shows a way of arranging the optical fibers in height of the image forming part in an object focal surface of the Lens;

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a schematic representation of the exposure system of the ends on the receiving side of the optical fibers;

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an optical Mixing stage in which a series of mixers in series with two channels are used,

Figure 4- is a theoretical block diagram of the control system of the Image forming part with the data supplied by the computer;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a partial Longitudinal section of the front part of the aircraft cabin, which is equipped with a display and signal system having means for enlarging the image projected on the windshield;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the final result by lining up the two from the same output beam originating images obtained image;

FIG. 7 shows a partial longitudinal section of the front part of the cabin, which is equipped with a display and signal system for curved Windshields is equipped;

FIG. 8 is a partial view along the line A-A of FIG. 7, which shows the type of correction carried out by a correction device consisting of a cylindrical lens unit in the perpendicular a plane extending to the generatrices of the lens is obtained;

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Figure 9 is a simplified theoretical scheme from which the optical path of the light rays emitted by the lens can be seen;

Figures 10 and 11 theoretical diagrams of the beam path, from which the problems to be solved by the invention can be seen, and

FIG. 12 is a schematic partial view in section of an aircraft cabin, from which the preferred position the exit lens of the objective can be seen in the surface of the upper part of the canopy.

In the example of Figures 1 and 2, there is the transmission part, through which the light bundles are channeled and given to an image forming part, from a bundle of optical fibers, which form several subgroups, and each consist of several optical fibers, the receiving ends of which are at least lie on a controllable light source and its transmitter ends on the plane of the image forming part of the desired one Display the corresponding arrangement in the picture.

Around the ends of several subsets of the optical fiber bundle to superimpose, without causing an inaccuracy of the created images, must be done in such a way, that the arrangements of the transmitter ends of the optical fibers of each subgroup adopt a geometric shape that precise and rather easy to implement.

Here, the basic shape, the rectangular shape (or rod shape), which is obtained by superimposing a ^UE kala, an arrangement of the each degree of dividing a subset of the op-

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tables, formed by a fiber bundle connected to a discrete light source.

^r igur 5 zei ^ t, is determined by the rectangular shape of which a series of graduations 10, 11, 12 and 13 enables in the object focal plane of the lens, namely, a horizontal partition 10 and three vertical partitions 11, 12 and 13. FIG.

If a fixed symbol is to be generated, the geometry is of little importance and can be of any type.

It is generally used to achieve beneficial uniformity of the light in the projected objects required to comb the optical fibers of each bundle and attach them align the transmitter and receiver ends precisely in parallel, with maximum reception when the straight section of the - ^ end of each fiber perpendicular to the Rays of light passes.

The light signal transmitted to each of the subsets of the optical fiber bundle can be from a separate light source These light sources consist e.g. (Fig. 2) from miniature lamps 15, which are in the recesses or shafts 16 are used. The receiver ends of the optical fibers 17 of the corresponding subgroups are perpendicular above this arranged.

The representation of the images comprising 4 movable indexes on four different divisions according to the example of ^{FIG. 11} IgUr 1 is achieved by lining up the various arrangements of the optical fibers 14 in the image forming part.

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This result could also be achieved by mixing several discrete images using several different Image former parts were obtained. Bas mixing can be done with a conventional optical, e.g. used in color televisions Mixers happen.

But it is also possible to mix by a series connection perform several mixers with two inputs 18 and 19 (Fig. 3).

Should an image forming part be desired, in which a mutual Penetration of the objects happens, i.e. when the light sources and the corresponding arrangements with several Objects are loaded, the problem concerns the control of the light sources, as well as the multiplexing in the Transmission of the control signals.

Each light source can be controlled by addressing, i.e. each light source corresponds to an as Address made, serving binary number, whereby a commutator circuit turns on the light source when they receives the corresponding address.

If you only want to create a single moving object that stands for a variable size, the connection is made from Computer to the decoder part, through which the light sources are controlled, made by a bundle (bus), the connections in a number that corresponds to the bits used in binary number addressing.

However, it should be desirable to simultaneously create several moving objects for different greetings standing, the problem becomes much more intricate.

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The invention solves the problem simply by that one uses the well-known properties of the eye inertia: instead of the addresses at the same time as the commutator circuit to transmit, which concerns the control of the light sources, v / ground them according to the invention one after the other transmitted, with such a frequency that due to the i-eye inertia (as well as the inertia of the light sources) the Switchovers are imperceptible.

According to FIG. 4, the computer 21 transmits the numerical signals corresponding to several objects (a), (b), (c), (n) to a selector 22, which passes these signals one after the other to a transmission line 23 with limited conductors, which is connected to a decoder 24 controlling the light sources (block 25).

According to the description, the multiplex system can be similar to a Shaper part of an image that was created by means of a liquid crystal array is used here takes on the role of an electrically controlled shutter.

In the display system according to FIG. 5, “which is located in the canopy J1 located below the windshield, only the lens 32 and the system are shown, which is a magnification of the image projected on the windshield. It was deliberately based on a detailed description of the lens 32 waived, here a more conventional lens Construction is through which the ^ end side of the molding part of a picture 3 ^ set to infinity as in the main patent become canoe.

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

The bundle 35 carries parallel rays emanating from the lens are emitted and directed to two parallel mirrors 36, 37, which in the sequence a partially reflective mirror 36 and a fully reflective one Mirror 37 are. These mirrors are arranged so that the bundle 35 successively a partial reflection on the Mirror 36 and a total reflection for the part of the beam on the which is transmitted through the mirror Mirror 37 finds out.

The position of both mirrors 36 and 37 and their dimensions are such that the mirrors are completely contained in the field of the objective 32 and the two reflect successively Bundles 38 and 39 are next to each other that on the V / indshield 33 of the aircraft two lined up Pictures arise, namely pictures 41 and 42 or 43 and 44 of Figure 6 (Figures 43 and 44 show the possible Shift direction of the image in the field of the optical system).

In Figure 6, the pike corners 45 and 46 represent the field of consisting of the objective 12 and the two mirrors 16 and 17, respectively optical system.

In order to achieve an overlay of both fields and the images 41, 42, and 44, it is necessary, on the one hand, that the Image moves from one side of the field to the other and that on the other hand there is a correspondence between the upper ones Edges 47 and the lower edges 48 of the image so that it juxtaposes the lower surface 48 of the image 41 and the upper surface 47 'of the image 42 can come.

To achieve an appropriate uniformity of the image

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a partially reflective mirror 16 should be chugged so that the transmitted intensity is slightly is above the reflected intensity, so that the light intensity or luminosity of both images is approximately the same.

Of course, the number of partially reflective Mirrors and consequently the> \ nnumber of pictures shown next to each other are not limited to two, because by means of one almost punctiform image it would be possible to use an image to get linear progression.

According to FIG. 7, below the V / indschutzscheibe under the canopy 51 52 employed optical system 53 in addition to the conventional objective represented by the lenses 5 ^Z · has - is reproduced »55» 56 and by that alone, the image obtained from the Bildformerteil 57 can be collimated infinitely, another cylindrical lens 58, which lies between the lens 5 ^ 551 56 and the part 57 and is changed by the light radiation emanating from the part 57 in such a way that instead of at the exit of the lens 5 ^, 55 »56 a bundle of light with parallel rays is obtained, a slightly diverging bundle of light 59 is obtained which, after being reflected on the windscreen 52, is converted into a bundle of rays 60 with parallel rays, the angle of each individual ray with the optical j .axis of the lens coincides and depends on the shape of the lens, so that the angle deviation due to the shape of the windshield 52 is compensated.

By using a cylindrical lens 58 the correction is only carried out in the planes running perpendicular to the generatrix of the lens, on the other hand

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in the parallel to the axis or one of the generatrices of the Lens 58 containing planes (FIG. 8) with regard to the structure of the windshield 52 no correction instead of. For many purposes, however, this omitted correction does not represent a burden Display and signal system as a front-to-back Cte'te haute) Flight status display is used to guide the ground and that the image visible on the '' »indshield consists of a vertical, horizontally shifting rod, It follows, of course, that the correction that becomes necessary is a correction that is horizontal Profile of the "indschutzscheibe 52 has to be considered. In contrast, a correction that the vertical frofile taken into account, turn out to be superfluous.

In the systems described above, at least the optical part behind the instrument panel remains free Incorporated space, which, however, is generally very limited.

For this reason, because of the space required, the light beam was guided in such a way that it was between the image shape judgment and the windshield follows a curved path by means of reflecting mirrors.

In practice, however, it has been shown that these systems have a serious disadvantage, which is that the pilot can see practically the entirety of all objects thrown on the windshield only when it is located on the axis of the rays reflected from the windshield.

It turned out that this part of the wall is mainly

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borrowed on the length of the optical path between which the Iolle of a shutter (or iris) playing lens part and the »» protective washer is to be returned.

To shorten this path in order to eliminate this disadvantage, the invention makes use of deflectors restricted and proposed an optical system, which can be seen in FIG.

Then the lens shown schematically consists of a converging lens L ^, whose .. axis 62 after the Reflection on the windshield 64 with the axis 63 of the field of view coincides with the purple G'-uge O). Thus, this optical system behaves exactly like a classic collimation system.

The object images 65 are never supplied by the image former are shown infinitely and can be seen by the pilot be without daf. he has to interrupt his view of the outside world.

In this case, the field Ab of the optical system is limited only by the size of the lens L * , which lies approximately perpendicular to the axis 63 like a shutter L ^. behaves.

This means that when the pilot approaches the windshield (.. eye G), the field of view Δ'Β ¹ within the optical system is considerably expanded. In addition, it can be seen from FIGS. 10 and 11 that when an object is viewed through a shutter L ", as the eye C approaches the object, the angle (distance Δ ^ &') at which the entirety of the object can be seen through the shutter can observe, wi rd.

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Accordingly, it is useful that the pilot is in the
The practice cannot get closer to the windshield,
to bring the shutter L ¹ ^ closer to the pilot's eye # Accordingly, the only solution is to bring the lens as close as possible to the windshield.

According to the invention, it is suggested that the exit lens 66 of the lens 67 on the upper side of the canopy 68 in the cabin according to FIG. 12 to the extent that as corresponds to the lower limit of the pilot's normal forward field of view.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (12)

- PATENT AGENCY OFFICE ERLIN - MUNICH PATENT LAWYERS DIPL-ING. W. MEISSNER (BLN) DIPL-INQ. P. E. MEISSNER (MCHN) DIPL-ING. H.-J. PRESTING (BLN) HERBERTSTR. 22, 1000 BERLIN 33 Your sign Your letter from Uneen "Sign Berlin, 29th NO". 19 »» 41.358 / 11/2 + 11/3 SOGIETE PRiUiCAISE D'E ^ UIFELENTS FOUR LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE (S.P.E.N.A.) France Claims Display and signal system consisting of at least one Converter that works according to the information that one wants to make the pilot aware of analog or numerical information converted into corresponding light signals, one for channeling and transmitting this Light signals on at least one transfer part used and a projection part (lens), by which the images obtained in this way are projected onto the windshield of the aircraft, preferably in the axis of the pilot's field of view, the transmission part having at least one optical fiber bundle, characterized in that on the transmitter and On the receiver side, the fibers are combed and aligned exactly parallel to each other, with the transmitter ends - 2 -809822/1007 BORO MONKS: TELEX: TELEGRAM: PHONE: BANK ACCOUNT: CHECK ACCOUNT: ST. ANNASTR. 11 1-86644 INVENTION BERLIN BERLIN 31 W. MEISSNER, BLN-W 8000 MONKS 22 INVEN d BERLIN 030/891 8037 BERLINER BANK AG. 122 82-109 TEL .: 009/22 35 44 030/193 2312 3695716000 of the optical fiber bundles have geometric shapes that allow them to be strung together. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized by a plurality of shaped image parts (57)> which are connected to an optical mixer which has as many channels as Image moldings are present. 3. System according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by several image forming parts and by the fact that instead of a single mixer stage with several channels several series mixers with a limited number of channels can be used. 4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that as Mixers with a limited number of channels Mixers that have two channels are used, which by means of partially reflecting mirrors (16.17 »36.37) or multi-colored reflectors were created. 5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that for the simultaneous formation of several objects in the focal surface of the lens devices are provided by which the objects are created one after the other with a frequency that the successive Interruptions for the human eye, in particular due to the sluggishness of the eyes and the light remanence and inertia are not recognized. 6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when generating the images by arranging the ends of the optical fibers of several optical fiber bundles and when connecting the receiver ends 809822/1007 21 ^ 3600 each of these bundles of discrete light sources controlling each of these light sources by addressing them is made. 7. System according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that it comprises a selector (22) which is separate numeric by a computer ^ü ignale receives corresponding to a plurality of objects, and those signals having a parallel conductor successively transmission line ( 23), which is due to a decoder (24) that controls the switching on of the light sources. 8 · System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device through which the dimensions of the thrown onto the windshield window of the aircraft Image are enlarged, this device having at least two parallel mirrors (36, 37), one of which is at least partially reflective, the mirrors in the lens (54,55,56) emitted light beams are placed in such a way that the reflected beams lie next to each other and the images formed on the windshield (52) by the bundles are preferably vertical or horizontal appear lined up 9. display and signal system according to claim 8, characterized in that that the system increases the size of the image appearing on the windshield two mirrors i.e. one partially reflective mirror (36) and one fully reflective Having mirror (37), the partially reflecting mirror being such that the transmitted light intensity slightly above the reflective 809822/1007 - 4 - 27536UÜ so that the luminosity of both images is approximately the same, 10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a curved windshield a Ko correction device which is arranged between the image forming part and the projection part, the deficiencies in the parallelism of the light rays of the reflected from the windshield beam by the correction device at least be partially compensated and the correction device has a generally cylindrical lens. 11. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the optical path lying between the exit lens of the objective is in the lower limit r area of the normal field of view of the pilot is arranged. 12. Display and signal system according to claim 11, characterized in that that the output lens of the objective at the level of the plane of the upper part of the canopy (31 »5Ό insofar is arranged as this plane represents the lower limit of the normal field of view of the pilot. 809822/1007