DE2745360A1 - DEVICE FOR EXTRACTION OF OVERHEATING HEAT FROM A SOLAR SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

2 V 4 ^l . 3 6 O

BROWN, BOVERI & CIE. AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT [^ ^ J ^ MANNHEIM BROWN BOVEΠ!

Mp.no. 623/77 Mannheim, October 6, 1977

ZFE / PI-Wg / Bt.

Device for the removal of overheating from a solar system.

The invention relates to a device for removing overheating from a solar system which has at least one solar collector through which a heat transfer medium flows .

In solar systems, the solar heat absorbed by the solar collectors is mostly circulated in a circuit Heat transfer medium supplied to the heat consumers. If there is no heat from the heat consumers, e.g. due to a lack of demand removed and / or circulation disturbances occur in the heat transfer circuit, e.g. due to failure of circulation pumps, so there is a risk that the heat transfer medium in the solar collector is heated to undesirably high temperatures and / or the Pressure in the heat transfer circuit rises to an undesirably high fourth.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an operationally reliable and to specify a simple and thus inexpensive device of the type mentioned at the outset, with which the aforementioned undesired operating conditions can be avoided, i.e. with the protection of the solar system against undesired

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high temperatures and system pressures can be carried out. In addition, the device should at least largely be maintenance-free and be able to cope with the operating conditions that arise.

The solution to this problem is characterized according to the invention by at least one automatically dissipating overheating heat from the V / thermal carrier to the environment in the event of overheating Heat exchanger. Since the heat exchanger switches on automatically in the event of overheating, these are undesirable operating states safely avoided, especially since the dissipation of the overheating j to the environment does not pose any technical problems brings. The heat exchanger is switched on preferably

wisely without the use of external aids, such as electrical energy.

A particularly simple and safe dissipation of the overheating is given when the heat transfer medium flows through it Heat exchanger can be discharged to the environment via a liquid coolant, preferably cooling water, and the coolant supply to the heat exchanger from the temperature of the solar collector or the solar collector flow controllable is.

The heat exchanger can advantageously be separated from the solar collector and designed as an independent component, However, it is easier for the construction if the heat exchanger and the heat absorber of the solar collector are one Form unit. This results in a very simple design if the heat absorber at least in some areas, preferably on the back, can be cooled. The rear side of the heat absorber advantageously has at least this

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a channel for the flow of the coolant. The channel can be formed by the back of the heat absorber (see FIG. 3) or consist essentially of at least one tube with any cross-section attached to the back, which is in good heat-conducting contact with the back.

For the control of the coolant, it has proven to be useful if a thermostatic multi-way valve is arranged in the coolant supply line, the sensor of which is arranged in the solar collector or in the solar collector flow line acts on the multi-way valve in such a way that when the overheating temperature is reached, the coolant flow from a coolant source to the heat exchanger is released, if the temperature falls below this, on the other hand, it is shut off and at the same time the coolant supply line is connected to an outlet for emptying the higher-lying heat exchanger. From the multi-way valve, the flow of coolant to the heat exchanger is controlled depending on the overheating temperature and at the same time when the heat exchanger is not in use, the coolant and the associated coolant supply line are emptied from the coolant, the control being effected, for example, by the expansion of the medium provided in the sensor. This prevents the coolant from freezing in winter operation of the system and ensures operational safety, because overheating of the solar collectors can also be expected in winter operation. There is no risk of freezing for the heat transfer medium circulating in the solar collector, since this heat transfer medium is protected against freezing by appropriate selection, for example a water-glycol mixture.

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To be independent of a coolant supply and around

to avoid the risk of freezing from the outset, |

it is advantageous if the overheating of the '

Heat exchanger through which heat transfer medium flows via cooling air j

can be discharged to the environment. To increase the heat

discharge, it is recommended that the heat exchanger j

Arranged on the cooling air side in the lower area of a shaft! which is in contact with the ambient air below and above

stands. Due to the buoyancy of the heat exchanger in the shaft

heated cooling air is due to the chimney effect of the shaft ₍

creates a very strong air flow and thus the heat!

output of the heat exchanger increased. Preferably j

the heat exchanger on the cooling air side with the heat transfer ^!

enhancing agents such as ribs, pins, or nubs;

Mistake. j

In the simplest case, the heat transfer medium can be supplied to the heat exchanger by connecting the heat transfer medium connections of the heat exchanger to the solar collector flow
are. That means, both connections of the heat exchanger are

to the solar collector in the upper, hottest area or _;

i connected to the solar collector flow line. |

i Better flow through the heat exchanger due to thermal

siphoning is advantageously achieved in that the \ first heat transfer medium connection of the heat exchanger to the solar collector lead and the second terminal connected to the solar collector i-return pipe is connected.

In order to prevent heat emission during normal operation,

'It has proven that a thermostatic control element is switched on in at least one of the heat transfer connections
is automatic when the overheating temperature is reached

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opens and closes automatically if the value falls below the limit. Of the The heat exchanger is therefore only removed from the heat transfer medium in the event of overheating of the solar collector circuit flows through. Since that

thermostatic control element preferably without external energy; works is very high, independent of external circumstances Operational safety given. Such control organs work e.g. on the principle of fluid expansion and are known in the art. The sensor of the control element can be separated from the actual control element and in the hottest area of the solar collector or in the solar collector flow, but it is just as possible to integrate the sensor in the control element itself, so that the control element is controlled by the V / heat carrier flowing through.

Another recommendable further development of the invention can consist in the fact that the heat exchanger is used as a heat pipe (Heat pipe) is formed, which in addition to the equipment with a partial filling of one at the temperatures that occur non-condensing gas, such as air, is provided so that at temperatures below the superheating temperature the heat-emitting area of the heat pipe is filled with gas, in this case the inflow of the evaporated operating medium of the heat pipe and thus prevents the release of heat, but the gas when the overheating temperature is reached compressed as a result of the temperature-related increase in pressure and thus at least the heat-emitting part of the heat pipe is largely released for the supply of the evaporated operating medium and thus overheating can be dissipated.

The heat exchanger designed as a heat pipe allows the overheating to be increased in an elegant and very reliable manner Way without any moving parts of valves or

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Control organs are discharged from the solar collector. The partial filling of the non-condensing gas prevents heat from being released from the system in the normal operating state of the system Heat pipe, in which it fills the heat-emitting part of the heat pipe and thus prevents heat transfer. j If the gas is now compressed by the operating medium evaporating in the heat-absorbing area as the temperature rises, so the heat-emitting area of the heat pipe is released; and acted upon by the evaporated operating medium and the ι Heat transport starts, i.e. the overheating heat is. j discharged.

For a safe mode of operation of the heat pipe, it is advantageous here if at least one receiving space is located on the heat pipe is arranged for the compressed gas. This receiving space is preferably at the highest point of the heat pipe provided above the heat-emitting area.

It is easiest if the heat-absorbing area of the heat pipe, preferably with the insertion of a thermal paste, such as copper paste, is pressed onto the outer surface of the heat absorber.

However, better heat dissipation can be achieved if the heat-absorbing area of the heat pipe is in the preferably arranged extended solar collector flow line is and advantageous the heat-emitting area in the lower part of an approximately vertical shaft ends, its upper and lower section with the ambient air communicates. In this way, the heat transfer from the heat transfer medium to the heat-absorbing area is achieved of the heat pipe and advantageously the heat dissipation of the heat-emitting area of the heat pipe is decidedly improved.

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It is advantageous here if the heat pipe is U-shaped and with its approximately horizontal heat-absorbing area in the solar collector flow line ' ends, whereas the heat-emitting area is ribs and / or 1 Has pins. The solar collector supply line can be used for j

the inclusion of the heat-absorbing area advantageously have an expansion.

The heat pipe does not need to be designed as a pipe in the classic sense of the word, but rather a special one A preferred development of the invention can consist in i that the heat-absorbing area of the heat pipe has a:

separate flow and return are connected to the heat-emitting area to form a circuit. is.

Further advantages of the invention are evident from the following Description of exemplary embodiments in connection with the schematic drawings. Show it:

1 shows a section of a solar system with two solar collectors and a separate water-cooled one Heat exchanger,

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 1 with regard to the heat transfer medium connection of the heat exchanger,

3 shows a horizontal cross section through a solar collector with an integrated heat exchanger,

4 shows a section from a solar system with two solar collectors and an air-cooled heat exchanger according to the invention,

Fig. 5 shows the detail of a solar system with two Solar collectors and one associated heat pipe serving as a heat exchanger Dissipation of overheating,

FIG. 6 shows the subject matter of FIG. 5 in an embodiment variant with regard to the heat pipe and FIG

7 shows a further variant of the heat pipe.

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ι The same parts are in the individual figures with the same; Provided with reference numerals.

Figure 1 shows a section of a solar system. This section includes two e.g. on a roof next to each other arranged, plate-shaped solar collectors 10, 12 of approximately rectangular shape. These are at their highest point Solar collectors 10, 12 to the solar collector supply line 14 connected, whereas the lowest point of these solar collectors 10, 12 each with the solar collector return line 16 is connected so that the solar collectors are connected in parallel on the heat carrier side. Solar collector inlet; .f- and return line lead to a not shown Heat consumer, e.g. a heat storage unit. In the solar collector return line 16 a circulation pump 18 is also switched on. Under the solar collector supply line is that Understand line that removes the heated heat transfer medium from the solar collector.

A heat exchanger is arranged above the solar collectors 10, 12. This heat exchanger 20 is designed as a surface heat exchanger for a liquid coolant, such as, for example, cooling water. In the present exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 20 is designed as a countercurrent heat exchanger with an inner tube 22, the ends of which, as can be seen from the drawing, are connected to the solar collector flow line 14 via heat carrier connections 24 and 26. The inner tube 22 is surrounded by a coolant space 28, at the opposite ends of which a coolant supply line 30 and a coolant discharge line 32 are connected. The refrigerant discharge pipe 32 extends with gradient to a lower-lying free outlet 34 which opens in a funnel ^r. Any heat exchangers for liquid media can be used as heat exchangers in the present case. ,

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The coolant supply line 30 also runs with a gradient to a connection of a lower arranged multi-way valve 36 with three connections. The other two connections this multi-way valve are provided with a source for the coolant, e.g. a cold water line 38 and a free one Outlet 40 connected, v / elcher also opens into the funnel. The free discharge funnel can namely the process can be observed.

The arranged in the upper, hottest area of the solar collector 10 sensor 32 of the multi-way valve 36 is via a

Capillary 43 with the adjusting body of the multi-way valve ver j

bound. The selection of the multi-way valve is so '

made that when reaching and exceeding a presettable \ temperature at the sensor 42, which with the over-

heating temperature is identical, a compound of the j Cold water line 38 to the coolant supply line 30! is set, whereas the free outlet 40 is blocked. On the other hand, when the temperature falls below the overheating temperature the cold water line 38 is shut off, and the coolant supply line 30 connected to the free outlet 40.

Arises during operation of the solar power plant, an operating condition in which \ are the solar collectors 10, 12 overheats, that is, that it comprises a predetermined limit temperature; reach or exceed, then coolant is conducted in the manner described above from the multi-way valve 36 to the heat exchanger 20, where it absorbs overheating and via the! Coolant discharge line 32 flows into the sewer system. Here, the heat transfer medium of the solar system circulates through the heat transfer medium connection 24, the inner pipe 22 of the heat exchanger

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and the heat transfer medium at the end 26. The circulation is started as with gravity hot water heating through a thermosiphon effect If the overheating heat is dissipated and the heat transfer medium of the solar system has cooled down, the multi-way valve 36 is accordingly influenced by the sensor 42 and the cold water line 38 is blocked. Simultaneously the coolant supply line 30 is connected to the free outlet 40. Since the coolant supply line 30 and If the coolant discharge line 32 is laid with a gradient to the outlets 34 and 40, these drain together with the heat exchanger

automatically from the coolant. If necessary, j The aforementioned method not only dissipates the overheating, but also cools the solar system down to ambient temperature are activated by setting the reusable! valve 36. j

The present embodiment of Figure 1 represents; represents a solar system, the solar collectors 10 and 12 <are located above the heat consumer. The ^preparatory: however, required removal of the superheat is also applicable to solar energy systems, solar collectors which are disposed lower than the heat consumer. The adaptation to such systems does not present any difficulties to the person skilled in the art working in the field of Sonnenheizg, so that there is no need for a special embodiment. The same also applies to the following further exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant of FIG. 1 with regard to the heat carrier connections 24 and 26 of the heat exchanger 20. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the first heat carrier connection 24 is here with the solar collector flow line 14 connected, while the second

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Heat transfer connection 26 with the interposition of a back ^! flow preventer 44 is connected to the lower-lying solar collector return line 16. This arrangement has the advantage that, in the event of overheating, the circulation of the heat carrier and thus the dissipation of the overheating heat is improved. Because the differences in height between the connections of the first heat carrier connection 24 to the solar collector flow line 14 and the second heat carrier connection 26 to the solar collector return line 16 bring about an increased gravitational movement of the heat carrier through the heat exchanger. The backflow preventer 44 prevents incorrect circulation \

i lations during normal operation of the system. !

I Figure 3 shows a variant of a heat exchanger 20, which is combined with a solar collector 46 to form a structural unit. FIG. 3 shows a horizontal cross section through such a solar collector 46. This confirms, as is known, from a heat absorber 48, optionally subdivided into individual tubes, the front side 50 of which absorbs the solar heat I (arrow 54) radiated through a glass cover 52. To avoid heat loss, the whole thing is surrounded at the rear with insulation 56 ..; On the rear side 58 of the heat absorber 48, a cavity 60 is formed which, if necessary, is divided into individual, for example by collectors, connected to one another by partition walls . for example vertical channels 62 can be divided. This cavity 60 replaces the inner tube 22 in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, ie the coolant is passed directly through this cavity 60. Since the cavity 60 directly adjoins the heat absorber 48, simple and reliable dissipation of the overheating heat is achieved with little construction effort. Here it is not necessarily

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required the entire rear side 58 of the heat absorber to apply coolant. Under certain circumstances, it may also be sufficient to only partially, preferably, the rear side to cool in the hottest part of the heat absorber. Likewise, cooling tubes can be arranged in the heat absorber, the can be flowed through by the coolant.

In Figure 4, an embodiment with an air-cooled, separate heat exchanger 20 is shown. This Heat exchanger 20 is, for example, in the form of horizontally extending tubes 64, particularly with vertical outer fins or pins 66 above the solar collector supply line arranged in the lower region of an approximately vertical shaft 68. The shaft 68 is at its lower and upper end in connection with the ambient air, so that As a result of the chimney effect, there is a strong flow of cooling air and the heat dissipation from the heat exchanger is enlarged. The vertical height of the shaft 68 must be matched to the respective case, as a rule should Minimum heights of 0.5 to 1 m are sufficient. J

In the V / heat exchanger connections 70, 72 are thermostatic Shut-off elements 74 switched on, which are arranged via a capillary with a in the upper region of the solar collector 10 Sensor 78 are connected. These shut-off devices 74 are opened as a function of the temperature at the sensor 78 j and closed, so that the shut-off devices in the event of overheating 74 are open and the heat transfer medium of the solar system through the heat exchanger to give off heat to the im Shaft 68 flowing cooling air can circulate. The control of these shut-off devices 74 takes place in accordance with the,

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Embodiment according to Figure 1. On two shut-off devices 74, as shown in the present exemplary embodiment according to FIG.

can be omitted if it is certain that!

i that through the V / heat exchanger connection, there is no shut-off!

organ up / down, an internal circulation from the solar collector supply line 14 in the heat exchanger 20 is avoided. i This can prevent such undesired circulation that the heat exchanger connection is designed in the form of a loop that prevents circulation. Such Loops are known in hot water heating systems.

The sensor 78 can also be in the solar collector supply line H. be arranged, it is just as well possible to design the thermostatic shut-off elements 74 in such a way that they can be influenced made directly by the heat transfer medium flowing through; i.e. there is no external sensor 78.

I in the embodiments according to Figures 5 to 7 is the heat exchanger 20 is each designed as a heat pipe 80 (heat pipe). !

As can be seen on the right in FIG. 5, the heat pipe 80 is straight and vertically attached to the solar collector 12. For this purpose, the lower heat-absorbing area 82 is possibly below Interposition of a thermal paste pressed onto the upper outer region of the heat absorber 48, so that a good Heat transfer takes place. The upper, heat-emitting area 84 of the heat pipe is in the ambient air and is provided with external pins to increase the heat emission. As a working medium is in the heat pipe one at the occurring Temperatures of the solar collector or heat transfer medium

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filled with steaming medium. In order to avoid heat dissipation under normal operating conditions of the solar collector avoid, there is also a gas that does not condense at the temperatures occurring, such as air, brought in. Due to the buoyancy, this gas is always in the upper area of the heat pipe and blocked thus at normal operating temperatures the access of the evaporated working medium to the heat-emitting area of the heat pipe. However, if the temperature rises up to the specified limit value, the pressure of the also rises evaporated working medium in the heat pipe and compresses the gas so far that the heat-emitting area 84 of the Heat pipe is at least largely free of gas and thus the usual heat transport from the heat-absorbing area to the heat-emitting area 84 begins in a known manner. Around the exothermic area 84 from the non-condensing To be able to free up gas here, a receiving space 86 for the compressed gas provided. Since in the present embodiment the heat pipe is arranged vertically and thus the condensed working fluid automatically runs back into the heat-absorbing area 82 are on the operating fluid side of the heat pipe, no capillary structures are required for the return transport of the liquid operating medium.

The left solar collector 10 of Figure 5 is with a variant a heat pipe 80 equipped. The differences compared to the heat pipe of the solar collector consist in that the heat-emitting area 84 is angled and extends approximately horizontally, the receiving space 86 adjoining in the vertical direction. Of course can also here, as in the embodiment of Figure 4, '

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the heat-emitting area 84 in a vertical shaft be arranged to improve the cooling air circulation. As in the case of FIG. 4 or 7, however, this is not essential necessary.

Figure 6 shows a variant of the heat pipe This is U-shaped and with its heat-absorbing Area 82, which forms one horizontal leg of the heat pipe, in a container-shaped Extension 88 of the solar collector supply line 14 is arranged. The heat-emitting area 84, which the other, also represents approximately horizontal legs of the heat pipe, is outside and above the extension 88 provided. This area carries outer fins or pins and is just like the heat exchanger after 4 arranged in the lower region of a shaft 68. The end of the heat absorbing area 84 is finally also provided with an upwardly pointing receiving space 86 for the compressed gas. The flow of cooling air is as indicated by arrows 90 in the other figures.

Finally, FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant of the The heat pipe of FIG. 6. The difference is that the heat-absorbing region 82 of the heat pipe 80 and the heat-emitting area 84 by means of operating medium supply lines arranged approximately at the ends of these areas. and return lines 90 and 94 connected together so that the operating fluid can circulate in the circuit. At the highest point of the heat-emitting area a receiving space 86 for the compressed gas is also provided here.

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Claims (1)

2 7 4 ', 3 6 G ΓΓΐϊΐ BROWN, BOVERI lTciE · AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT MANNHEIM BROV / N BOVtRI Mp.no. 623/77 Mannheim, October 6, 1977 ZFE / P1-Wg / Bt Claims Device for removing overheating from a
Solar system that has at least one of a heat carrier
having flowed through solar collector, characterized by at least one in the event of overheating automatically overheating tion heat from the heat carrier to the environment
discharging heat exchanger (20). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the overheating from the heat carrier flows through; Heat exchanger (20), via liquid coolant preferential \ cooling water discharged to the environment and · coolant supply to the heat exchanger (20) from the temperature
the solar collector (10, 12) or the solar collector \ Forward is controllable. (Figures 1 and 2) J. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized marked j shows that the heat exchanger (20) from the solar collector: gate (10, 12) is separated. j 4. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that j indicates that the heat exchanger (20) and the heat; absorber (48) of the solar collector is a structural unit form. (Fig. 3) j 909816 / 0H9 6.1Q. 1977 623/77 - ² - 27AS360 5. Einrichtimg according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat absorber (48) at least partially is coolable. 6. Device according to claim 5 »characterized in that the. Back (58) of the heat absorber at least has a channel (62) for the flow of the coolant. 7. Device according to one of the claims 2 to 6, thereby characterized in that a thermostatic multi-way valve (36) is arranged in the coolant supply line (30), its sensor (42) arranged in the solar collector or in the solar collector supply line the multi-way valve (36) has the effect that when the overheating temperature is reached, the coolant inflow of ι a coolant source (38) to the heat exchanger (20) | released, if the temperature falls below I. on the other hand, shut off and at the same time the coolant supply line (30) is connected to an outlet (40) is used to drain the higher-lying heat exchanger (20) including lines (30, 32). (Fig. 1) 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the over hit zungswärme from the heat transfer medium flowing through j Heat exchanger (20) can be discharged to the environment via cooling air. (Fig. 4) Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the heat exchanger (20) on the cooling air side is in the lower Area of a shaft (68) is arranged, which is below and above in connection with the ambient air. (Fig. 4) 909816 / OUfl Zi L / f '4 F 1 (C7CMG00 / KC) JkJlO .J. 977 62V77 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Wärmeträgeranschlüsee (24, 26; 70, 72) of the heat exchanger with the solar collector flow are connected. (Fig. 1 and 4) 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first heat carrier connection (24) of the heat exchanger (20) with the upper area of the solar collector (10, 12) and the second heat carrier connection (26) is connected to the lower area of the solar collector. (Fig. 2) 12. Device according to claim 8 and one of the claims 10 or 11, characterized in that dtß in at least one of the heat transfer connections (70, 72), a thermostatic control element (74) is switched on, the opens automatically when the overheating temperature is reached and closes automatically when it falls below the temperature. (Fig. 4) 13. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger is designed as a heat pipe (80), which in addition to the operating medium with a Partial filling of a gas that does not condense at the temperatures that occur, such as air, provided: is, so that at temperatures below the overheating temperature of the heat-emitting area (84) of the heat pipe is filled with gas, in this case the inflow i of the evaporated operating medium of the heat pipe is shut off and thus prevents the dissipation of heat, but when the overheating temperature is reached, the gas does compressed due to temperature-related pressure increase and thus the heat-emitting part (84) of the The heat pipe is at least largely released for the supply of the evaporated operating medium and thus Overheating can be dissipated. (Figures 5 to 7) j __1 .._- * JL J S09816 / 0U9 October 6, 1977 623/77 14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one receiving space (86) on the heat pipe (80) is arranged for the compressed gas. (Fig. 5 to 7) 15. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that the heat-absorbing area (82) of the heat pipe preferably with the insertion of a thermal paste, such as copper paste, pressed onto the outer surface of the heat absorber (48) of the solar collector is. (Fig. 5) 16. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in ^ that the heat-absorbing area (82) of the heat pipe in the preferably expanded solar collector flow line (14) is arranged and in front. part of the heat-emitting area (84) in the lower Part of an approximately vertical shaft (68) ends, the upper and lower sections of which with the Ambient air is in communication. (Fig. 6) 17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that that the heat pipe (80) is U-shaped and with its approximately horizontally extending heat-absorbing Area (82) in the preferably expanded solar collector flow line (14) ends and the heat-emitting Area (84) has outer ribs and / or pins. (Fig. 6) 18. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized characterized in that the heat-absorbing area (82) of the heat pipe has a separate operating medium flow and return (92, 94) interconnected with the heat-emitting area (84) to form a circuit is. 909816 / 0U9 7Γ1-7Γ ' Λ I I |' i / i.'i (iO'p U ι