DE2732173C2 - Method and device for processing solid and viscous plastic and polymer material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing solid and viscous plastic and polymer Material by means of an annular channel that guides the material and surrounds a rotor and is located in a housing rotates together with the rotor and transports the material from an inlet opening to an outlet opening which it is fed from the ring channel and where it is also dammed. It also affects the Invention a device for carrying out this method with a ring channel guiding the material, which surrounds a rotor and rotates in a housing with the rotor and the material of a Inlet opening to an outlet opening which transports it out of the annular channel by means of a channel block is forwarded.

The single screw press is currently the most important machine for processing plastic and polymer material. The term "processing" refers to one or more of the following: Treatment, transport and compression of particulate solids, melting and plasticizing of Solids; Transport, pressing or pumping of liquid or molten substances; Mixing, dispersing and homogenizing the material and various liquid or solid additives; Free the Material of volatile constituents, production of a microscopic or macroscopic structural change in the material through chemical reactions such as polymerisation, cross-linking and swelling or on another way to modify, change or improve some property. It's on this technical field known that the ordinary screw extruder for processing plastic and polymeric material generally being flatter stationary channel leading from the tip of the worm thread and the threads and a fourth Wall passing through the inner surface of the cylinder moving with respect to the stationary channel is limited (see, for example, Z. Tadmor and I. Klein, "Engineering Principles of Plasticating Extrusion". Van Nostrand Reinhold Book Co., New York, 1970).

The relative rotation of the barrel and the extruder screw pulls material in both the form of particulate solids as well as in the form of a viscous liquid after the end of the discharge Cylinder and against a thread turn and thus causes a transporting, pressing and pumping action on solids and viscous liquids and mixes, disperses and homogenizes the viscous liquids. The thermal energy from the cylinder creates along with the generation of Frictional heat and the generation of viscous heat form a relatively thin film of a melt on the Cylinder surface that is dragged along by the relative movement after a thread turn, where it is is scraped off and produces an effective melting and plasticizing effect

Material at the tip of the worm thread and on the threads of the worm cannot are scraped off and the walls, which are stationary in relation to the material being processed, do not exercise dragging or dragging effect in the direction of the discharge end of the cylinder to the Transport the pressing or pumping of solids

ίο and to facilitate the viscous material, yet they facilitate the mixing, dispersing and homogenizing process. In the screw press is therefore the only one Surface, namely that of the cylinder, alone the means for processing the material.

In addition, the device mentioned at the beginning has become known from DE-AS 11 29 681, in the case of the production of wide webs from thermoplastics the rotor as cylindrical The roller is designed to move relative to a cylindrical housing surrounding it Form surface '. The so formed,., -. Before becomes an annular canal via an inlet opening in the housing and over an outlet opening empties the material fed in from the moving surface of the roller is taken. In front of the outlet opening, the material carried along is uniform in an arc lifting scraper provided, from which the material arrives in a storage space, where it is placed on the required Ziehdnjck dammed up in front of a slot nozzle will. There is an intensive mixture of the material to be processed along the moving surface not possible, especially because of the material flow largely undisturbed by the scraper, which lifts the material in the sheet evenly from the roller leaves shallow channel. With the known device, therefore, the function is as mentioned above Single screw press not possible.

The invention is based on the object of a method and a device for processing to create solid and viscous plastic and polymer material, with or with the one of the Single screw press compared to improved efficiency in terms of energy saving, degree and time of homogenization and a shorter and more compact one Construction is achieved.

Based on the device described above, this is done in that the material guided as a strand with a width smaller than its radial height, and through a damming effecting control of the discharge within the strand a counter-rotating movement to the rotational movement Reflux is generated.

By designing the material flow as a strand m .. compared to its radial height of smaller width together with the damming control of the discharge results in the surprising effect, that the material located in the ring channel also flows in the opposite direction to the rotational movement a particularly strong mixing effect is achieved.

This requires the relatively large radial height compared to its width. The strand is mainly carried along by the side walls of the channel, whereby more material is fed to the side walls at the outlet opening vc-n than can flow out through the outlet opening, so that finally the direction of flow in the annular kahal is partially reversed, which is due to the special radial height of the strand is favored.
The procedure is expediently designed in such a way that

that the material adjacent to the walls of the ring channel is transported in the form of a molten film advancing in relation to the main mass of the material in the ring channel and by means of a damming-up control of the discharge an accumulation of molten material is created before it leaves the ring channel. As a result of this procedure, there is a constant supply of molten material, whereby the accumulation is fed, in which the reflux is then made possible. An additional mixing effect can advantageously be achieved in that the strand is passed over a resistor located in front of the outlet opening in the direction of rotation. The resistor provides the further advantage that the material flows behind it through a free space from which gases formed by the material can be drawn off or in which additives can be added to the material. In this way it is avoided that with the withdrawal of the gases material f- »n / * k aiiflAn σρίαησί

In the damming effecting control of the discharge you can go so far that the discharge of the Material is blocked from the outlet opening, whereby a batch processing of the Material results. After the batch has been processed, the material is then discharged from the outlet opening opened again.

It has been found to be advantageous if the ring channel is rotated at a speed of about 10 to Turns 500 rpm.

With the method it is also possible to carry out processing in which a material or a mixture of materials that results in the formation of a viscous, liquid plastic or polymeric material of temperature, pressure, rate of discharge of the material from the channel, rate of movement and surface the opposite walls reacts, is introduced into the ring channel. It can also be act as a component of a material mixture that forms a viscous, liquid plastic or polymeric material reacts, and the in the annular channel between the inlet opening and the outlet opening to Mixing and is introduced to act on the material in the annular channel.

The device for performing the method described above is based on a das Material-leading ring channel that surrounds a rotor and rotates in a housing with the rotor and that Material transported from an inlet opening to an outlet opening, which it out by means of a channel block is fed to the ring channel.

Such a device can be found in the already mentioned DE-AS 11 29 681, in which, however, how already stated, only wide belts are transported with the cylindrical roller provided there. The reflux of the material generated in the process described above Ring channel is therefore not possible with the known device.

To achieve this effect and to implement the other process steps described above, is the annular channel between disks protruding from the rotor with opposite to its radial Height of smaller width and for damming the material in the direction of flow after the outlet opening a shaping device is provided for controlling the discharge of the material from the outlet opening.

Another possibility is the ring channel

between disks protruding from the rotor and having a width that is smaller than its radial height to form and for damming up the material one or more projections protruding into the annular channel to be provided.

Due to the combination of this design of the ring channel with the deliberate damming of the material in the ring channel only the aforementioned reflux is forced, which is necessary for the operation of the Method and device is crucial.

As such, there is an annular channel between disks protruding from the rotor with radial disks opposite to it Height of smaller width from DE-AS 12 30 341 known. The device described in this publication serves as an extruder for ceramic Masses, whereby it is important to keep the strand as homogeneous as possible in its cross-section. It lies So in the known device exactly the opposite direction as in the invention. Accordingly, the strand from the known device is by an in the bow to the Rotor brought away scraper, which is similar to the scraper in connection with the mentioned DE-AS 11 29 681 acts and also accordingly is trained. A reflux can and should therefore with the known device according to DE-AS 12 30 341 cannot be achieved.

Finally, it was also referred to DE-AS 23 64 024, which is an extruder for is plastic substances, which is constructed in principle as the extruder according to the above DE-AS 12 30 341. has the difference that in the extrusion press according to DE-AS 23 64 024 instead of disks protruding from the rotor radial individual segments are provided, so that when several annular channels are arranged next to one another the material pass through the spaces between the individual segments from ring channel to ring channel can. In addition, it is important in this known extrusion press not to back up the to produce processed material, whereupon in the document in connection with underlying State of the art is expressly pointed out. Accordingly, this known extrusion press again a scraper approaching the rotor in an arc. of the material like that Stripper in the extrusion press according to DE-AS 12 30341 or like the scraper according to DE-AS 11 29 681 as evenly as possible from the rotor to the outlet without creating any turbulence inside the material. So it is also missing from the Extrusion press according to DE-AS 23 64 024 the 'shre, deliberately to achieve a damming that a reflux of the material.

The device for carrying out the method according to the invention can be expediently through cylindrical surface parts of the rotor on the outer edges of the ring channel for rotation with the ring channel shape, wherein the inlet opening leads into an entry chamber having a surface which against the cylindrical surface parts of the rotor is inclined to form a gap improved material supply in the ring channel

Furthermore, one or more mixing projections can be provided, which protrude from the annular Surface part of the housing are worn and partially in the annular channel at a point between the Inlet opening and outlet opening into ragea

This allows the mixing effect of the device to be increased.

For degassing the material to be processed, a ventilation opening can advantageously be provided in the housing on the rear side of the projection. It is possible to attach the projection for movement into the channel and out of the channel, whereby the distance from the channel walls for controlling the mixing can be adjusted.

The channel block can be designed so that it has a limited distance between the scratching areas and the sidewalls, thereby allowing a limited amount of material to pass through the Ring channel is made possible. This then results in multiple processing of the relevant material. In addition, it is also possible to move the canal block into and out of the canal to be arranged, whereby its distance from the duct walls can be adjusted. This allows also influence the mixing effect.

The device can also be designed so that the outlet opening for an annular channel for discharging processed material is connected to another ring channel for further processing. In this case This results in a series connection of several ring channels with correspondingly intensive processing of the material.

A change in the space between the discs can be achieved by making them adjustable on the Shaft to be attached. In this way, the device can be adapted to different processing Adjust criteria and materials.

Several of the devices described above can also be combined into one Combine overall device, which then has several ring channels, separate material feeds and separate Inlet openings to separate ring channels or combinations of ring channels and separate ones Has discharge openings from the separate ring channels or ring channel combinations, which the material feeds and inlet ports are associated.

The invention is explained below with reference to the figures, the two exemplary embodiments of the invention Show device. In the figures shows

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device, the individual parts in exploded Illustration are shown.

2 shows the perspective view, partly in Section, the device according to FIG. 1,

F i g. 3 is a developed sectional view of an annular channel along a chamber radius showing the movement of the material within a ring channel makes it clear

FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a second exemplary embodiment the device along the line IV-IV according to Figure 5 parallel to the axis and along the Axis of rotation of the rotor of the device,

F i g. 5 shows a cross section of the device according to FIG. 4 along line V-V of FIG. 4 perpendicular to Rotation axis of the rotor and

F i g. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between channel width and channel diameter for given Procedural conditions is recorded

A device suitable for carrying out the method (see FIGS. 1 and 2) contains a rotor 10, the a number located at a distance from each other

SniiaiUon fO <i .. £ nrair- * Alt * qi, (tstnoi- \ X7aI1o ΛΛ - »._ t» lH.lLT \ * II Ι.Λ. UUl rrV.101, UtW UUl Vlllbt »» WIlC XT tUl

Rotation are mounted within a housing 16, the shaft 14 in end plates 18 of the housing 16 is stored. The rotor 10 is provided with circular, in particular cylindrical, surface areas 20 and designed with at least one circular ring channel 22, the spaced from each other opposite Has side walls 24 on each side of the channel with the surface area 20. The housing has a annular, in particular cylindrical inner surface 26, which is coaxial with the surface areas 20 of the rotor and

ίο are arranged in close proximity to with to form the ring channel or channels 22 one or more ring-shaped closed passages.

An inlet port 28 is provided in the housing 16 to plastic or polymer material for

la processing from a feeding device, which as Funnel 30 is shown to be introduced into the annular channel or channels 22. Needless to say, that suitable feeding devices for plastic or polymer material are used, the simple, the

jo funnel utilizing gravity, as shown, or a screw press, a piston feed device, a disk extruder with preheating in Depending on the type of plastic or polymer material and the difficulty of its supply to control the ring channels 22 can be.

The channel blocks 32 mounted in the housing 16 extend into each ring channel 22 at one circumferential position at least a larger area of a complete revolution of the rotor 10 away from the inlet opening 28, around an end wall 34 for the annular channel 22 and scraper areas in closer To form proximity to the side walls 24 of the channel. The channel block 32 has a shape that is complementary to the annular channel 22 and fits tightly in the channel in which it extends and the end wall, which lies opposite the annular channel 22 can be arranged radially or at another suitable angle, which depends on the material and the desired treatment. Adjacent to channel block 32 and in An outlet opening 36 through the housing 16 is provided in front of it in the direction of movement.

During the operation of the processing device, plastic or polymer material is in solid or liquid state supplied by the feed device, which the material through the inlet opening 28 on the annular channels 22 distributed. When the rotor 10 rotates, the bulk of the material is carried by the End wall 34 of channel block 32 held so that side walls 24 are relative to the bulk of the material move and the opposite side walls 24 of the annular channel 22 adjacent material the sidewalls is torn forward toward the end wall 34 of the karal block 32, wherein a pressure builds up which has a maximum value at the channel block 32, where it is discharged.

The melting process is shown schematically in FIG. 3 shown where the material is in the form of granular Solid is present As shown, the granules are due to the relative movement between them rotating side walls 24 of the annular channel 22 and the solid bodies within the channel compacted if necessary the side walls 24 can be preheated; in each case produces the relative motion Frictional heat and forms a film of molten Plastic or polymer material on the side walls 24 of the channel. The molten one thus formed Film moves with the sides of the 24 and 'becomes by a relative movement to the main mass of the

The plastic or polymeric material in the channel is subjected to violent shear, which further Warming caused by energy consumption due to viscosity. The effect of the side walls 24 of the annular channel 22 is that the Vorwärtsrei-Beri of the material progressively on its surface a pressure along the way on the side walls ■ is built up, which reaches a maximum value at the channel block 32. The channel block 32 scratches the viscous liquid Material that is fed through the side walls of the channel off and collects and piles this material in the form of a liquid accumulation sweeps up the end wall of the channel block emerging from the Channel can be discharged through the built-up pressure.

As shown schematically in Fig. 3, a continued replenishment of material being torn forward through the canal walls, a strong one circulating motion in the accumulation of molten material and this circulating Movement creates violent mixing. Similar vigorous mixing can occur with liquid-fed material can be achieved by a suitable choice of process control.

When treating plastic and polymeric material with similar properties, such as B. Material, which is usually processed in screw presses • nd that represents a highly viscous liquid or becomes in the course of processing, enables process control of the device and method, the processing, d. H. the transport and that Pressurizing solids, melting or plasticizing solid material, transportation, that Pressurizing or pumping liquid or molten material, mixing, blending, Dispersing and homogenizing the material, the removal of volatile components, and a combination these process treatments of solid material or viscose material or a combination of To suffer. The method and the device can be upstream of various molding tools, such as t. B. Foil and profile forming devices, cross-head drawing nozzles, cable and wire-coating devices, Tablet making molds and many other downstream processing equipment. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, such a molding device 38 can be attached directly to the Outlet opening 36 may be arranged.

Furthermore, the method and the device can be used for this purpose, microscopic or macroscopic Causing structural changes in the material to one or the other property of the material by chemical reaction, such as B. Polymerization of Prepolymers and monomers that lead to viscous polymeric liquids, cross-linking, chain breakage, Modify, change or improve foaming etc.

Changes in machine design factors or construction numbers include the geometry of the Ring channels, the type of feeding device, the dimensions and location of the inlet opening (s), the shape of the channel block or blocks and the dimension and location of the Outlet opening (s).

The geometry of the annular channel 22 must achieve a compromise between the various purposes for which the channel serves. Since the side edges 24 of the ring channel are a main machining tool, a narrow and deep ring channel 22 is used in which the channel depth is at least as great and preferably several times greater than the width of the channel. The cross-section of the channel must be of suitable shape and the space between opposing side walls 24 must be large enough for material fed to reach the bottom of the channel and directly fill the channel; one factor to be considered in balancing ₍ is that the ability of the annular channel 22 to pump or pressurize is kept close to optimum and not made so far that the ability to pressurize is decreased The melting, mixing, pumping and pressurizing effect increases as the rate of passage of the duct wall surface past the material increases, but the ratio of duct wall area to duct volume must be balanced so that when the solid Material is fed into the channel, it fills an area of the channel in order to achieve a desired

2ö th rate of melting and that the molten material fills a sufficiently large area of the channel to produce the desired mixing and pumping of the material or its pressurization for discharge. The linear velocity of portions of the channel walls increases directly for a given rotational speed with the radial distance of the wall portion from the axis of rotation, and it has been found that the change in machining effect due to the difference in radial distance from the axis by increasing the width H between the channel walls can be compensated in relation to the distance R from the axis so that H / R is a constant. In a simple arrangement, the channel walls are designed as truncated cones at a distance from one another, the apices of which essentially coincide with the axis of rotation.

Channels as defined by opposing side walls 24 of discs 12 which are adjustable in spacing a shaft 14, are formed, as shown in FIG. 1, are used for processing polymers Materials. This construction also has advantages for the experimental analysis of the machining of various viscous and solid materials.

Namely, the space between opposing surfaces of the disks can be easily removed by using Different spacers can be changed and the depth of the channels through opposite faces can be limited by using

so annular spacers with different diameters can be changed. The number of channels can can be changed by removing or adding discs to allow operation with different material, different power consumed, different processing speeds, etc. by choosing the Dimension for an operation in line. Because of the simple relationships in the procedure and the device according to the exemplary embodiments, values obtained with devices that have channels with rectangular cross-sections formed by discs, to more complicated ones Devices can be transferred with good reliability. Furthermore, the disks do not necessarily need to be even. Wedge-shaped or fin-shaped Slices can be useful for certain functions. On the other hand, the channels can also be saved as annular recesses can be formed in a driven rotor.

Il

The feeding device 2: for feeding the plastic or polymer material into the processing channel is trained for the treatment of the respective material and material state, if the to be processed Plastic or the polymeric material is granular, the feed device is designed so that it the Ensure that the ring canals are filled from the bottom to the top, around the working surfaces of the canals to use effectively. A simple funnel through the inlet port can get gritty on some Material be usable, while with other material it may be important to have a mechanical feed, such as B. to have a feed with a screw or a piston. If that's to be processed Materia! If a viscous liquid is present, the feed device can a line through which the liquid flows into the annular channel, or a pump, such as. Legs Screw or gear pump to get the material at the desired rate and at the desired rate Apply pressure.

The outlet opening 36 through the housing 16 is at least a major portion of a complete revolution of the rotor 10 from the inlet port 28 remotely positioned to receive machined material reaching channel block 32 and carry out. Control of the rate at which machined material is being ejected from the duct is an important factor in determining the extent to which the material must be machined and the outlet port 36 is constructed and arranged to provide this outlet control. the Control or control can be by the size of the opening or by a throttle valve or another Device can be effected in the outlet opening. The discharge rate can also be controlled in that one the outlet opening with a further processing stage, such as. B. a molding device 38 or something similar that creates the desired resistance to flow and the rate of discharge controls the outlet and the amount of processing of the material in the channel. If there is a change a device according to the embodiment, which has more a's an annular channel, the outlet of a channel passed through a line to the inlet of another channel for further processing will. This arrangement is particularly valuable because the series of pressure generating and pumping effects ron successive processing channels is cumulative, so that easily a high outlet pressure is established. It should be emphasized that successive ring channels have different geometries can wait to process the supplied material. It can also contain material that is in an or a given number of channels that work in parallel, are processed and removed from it, another ring channel or a suitable number of ring channels that work in parallel, fed will.

Separate feed devices and inlet openings can be used for feeding plastic or polymer Material can be provided on each ring channel or any combination of ring channels; The material can be the same or different from the material, which is another or a combination is fed by channels. Different material from separate channels or channel combinations processed can be discharged through separate outlet openings and can be separate Extrusion nozzles or a nozzle for coextrusion, e.g. B. with a material for the Karn- ufid one material other than coating.

Effective processing of plastic or polymeric material is achieved by having the Rate of addition and the discharge of the material to the processing channel (s), the temperature control and the speed of the channel walls in relation to the properties of the material and the geometry of the Channel adapts and coordinates.

The material that can be treated and processed according to the method and the device according to the exemplary embodiments includes any plastic and any polymeric material that is usually liquid or converted into the viscous liquid or deformable state by means of heat or mechanical energy or a diluent and which has sufficient stability not to be seriously degraded under the treatment conditions. Such material includes thermoplastics, thermosetting and elastomeric polymers, such as. B. Polyolefins (e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene), polyvinyl chlorides (e.g. PVC), fluorine-containing polymers, polymers based on polyvinyl acetate, polymers based on acrylic, polymers based on styrene (e.g. polystyrene), polyamides (e.g. B. nylon types), polyacetals, polycarbonates, plastics based on cellulose, polyesters, polyurethanes, phenolic and amino plastics, epoxy resins, silicone and inorganic polymers, polymers based on polysulfone, various polymers based on natural compounds, etc. as well as copolymers and mixtures of these substances with one another, with solvents, with thinners or with various solid and liquid additives. It is also provided that chemically reactive material, · * ie ζ. B. a material or material mixture that can form polymers which, in a certain stage of their formation and at the temperatures maintained in the ring channels, represent viscous liquids, can be added to the device for reaction and processing in the ring channels.

The temperature of the material can be varied during feeding and during processing in the Device can be controlled so that the viscosities and flow properties of the processed material are determinable.

The relationship between the rate of addition and discharge of liquid viscous plastics and Polymerizaten to a ring-shaped rectangular processing channel and the speed of the channel walls in relation to the properties of the selected material, the temperature and the geometry of the If an isothermal, laminar, steady, fully developed flow is assumed, the ring channel will not become one compressible, non-Newtonian fluid obeying the force law model with neglect the gravitational and inertial forces expressed by the following equation:

Q =

In the equation:

a H P.
Θ
άΡ

Break
Torment
Φ =

= volumetric flow rate (inVsec) = (16.39 cmVsec), - frequency of the channel rotation (Ups), = outer radius of the ring channel (in) = (2.54 cm), = inner radius of the ring channel (in) = (2, 54 cm),

= Width of the annular channel,

= Pressure (psi) = (0.07 kp / cm ² ) «(0.07 bar),

= Angle (arc units),

= = pressure gradient related to the angle (psi / rad.) = (0.07 kp / cm ² / rad.)

^2πφ »(0.07 bar / rad.),

= Outlet pressure (psi) = (0.07 kp / cm ² ) "(0.07 bar), = inlet pressure (psi) = (0.07 kp / cm ² )" (0.07 bar), circumferential fraction from inlet to Outlet, l / n empirical parameter for the model liquid obeying the law of force:

,, = my ^

non-Newtonian viscosity (Ib _f sec / in ² ),
empirical parameter (lb _f sec ⁿ / in ² ),
empirical parameter,
Shear rate (1 / sec).

In the equation, the first term on the right-hand side means "drag flow" or "drag flow" and the second term "pressure flow" or pressure flow. This equation can also be used for Newtonian liquids, in which s = π = 1 and m - μ is the Newtonian viscosity.

To illustrate the use of equation v / given above, a melt pump for polymeric material is designed. It is designed to pump 1000 lbs / h (454 kg / h) of melt and generate a pressure of 1500 psi (105 kg / cm ² ) at the discharge end. The force law parameters of this melt at the processing temperature are / 77 = 1
Assuming that P _e ; _n =
the required gradient

Ibt sec ° -3 / in ² and π = 0.5. = 0 and Φ = 0.75

dP

1500

318.3 psi / rad.

Further assuming that the density of this melt at the processing ^{temperature and average pressure is 50 lb / ft 3} , the flow rate or flow rate is:

(10001 (1728)
(3600X50)

9.6 inVsec.

Substitution of the available word in the construction equation with a = 0.5 gives:

9.6 - 2.356W (Ups) // (in) Ä <, (in ² ) -

3166.1

The equation given above gives the required relationship between Rd, H and N. Then by choosing a reasonable value for N. z. B. 30 RPM (RPM), the relationship between Rd and Herhold as shown in FIG. Therefore, a 6.3 "(16 cm) disk radius is optimal for a 0.24" (6 mm) channel width. Therefore, an annular rectangular channel with an outside diameter of 12.6 "(32 cm), inside diameter of 6.3" (16 cm) and a width of 0.24 "(6 mm) which rotates at 30 rpm , 1000 lb / hr (454 kg / h) melt and creates a pressure of 1500 psi (105 kg / cm ² ).

For the conversion it is recommended to use I kp / cm ² «! to put cash.

It should be noted that the ring canal is narrow and ran and that can cause difficulties in being effective Add material to be treated in such a way that it reaches the channel bottom. In the In practice, this problem can be solved either by having a sufficient lowering in the housing Cutting precautions as shown in FIG. 5 shown where in the Housing 41, the undercut surface 70 is provided, or multiple channels are used, the first Step is a little wider than optimal.

For example, it is preferable to choose material to be dispensed in the form of particulate

Solid a first ring channel that is as narrow as possible, but wide enough to do the job to be able to perform under the action of gravity. For common polymeric material in particulate form this is the case ranging in size from about 0.25 "(6.3 mm) to about 2.5" (63 mm).

For practical considerations, the speed exceeds of rotor and ring channel generally 500 rpm, preferably about 250 rpm, not. the lower limits for rotor and channel speed can e.g. B. be at 10 rpm.

Another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 showing an improved structure at two machining channels are connected in series. In this device, a rotor 40 is for rotation mounted in the housing 41 on a shaft 42, which are mounted in end plates 44 of the housing 41. Annular channels 46 and 47 are provided, the opposite side walls (discs 48) in solid Relation to each other and have a wedge-shaped channel cross-section with relatively wide cylindrical Form surface areas of the rotor 50 on each side of the annular channels 46 and 47. This cylindrical Surface areas 50 form a tight sliding fit with the coaxial cylindrical inner surface 51 of the Housing 41, so that the inner surface 51 and the annular channels 46 and 47 closed annular Form passages.

On the outside of each disc 48 are channels 52, 54 and 56 for introducing a temperature control fluid intended for heat transfer through the duct walls. The heat transfer fluid is through an axial passage 58 supplied in the shaft 42; it flows through the tubes 60 to a first channel 52, from the first channel through an intermediate channel 62 to the second channel 54, then through an intermediate channel 64 to the third channel 56 and through a further passage 68 to a tube 66 in the shaft 42.

As in Fig. 5 clearly shows the inner surface 51 of the housing 41 over its furthest extent cylindrical, but has an undercut surface 70 in the vicinity of the inlet opening 71 to the annular channel 46 on. This undercut surface 70 has such a width. that its walls 72 extend over the cylindrical Surface of the rotor 50 extend out and form an inlet chamber 74, so that when the supply of viscous liquid material through the inlet port 71 the viscous liquid material through the cylindrical Surface of the rotor 50 is dragged up to the gap where the surface of the walls 72 of the undercut surface 70 reaches the cylindrical surface of the rotor 50. This effect makes it easier to press the viscous material into the annular channel 46.

The channel block 84 mounted in the housing 41 has a shape that is complementary to the annular channel 46 and fits snugly to allow the bulk of plastic or polymeric material to move relative to the Walls (discs 48) of the annular channel 46 to hold and viscous liquid material, which from the walls 48 is conveyed forward to discharge as processed Scrape material through outlet opening 78. A Passage 80 is provided to transfer processed material from outlet port 78 to inlet 82 into a To direct ring channel 47 for further processing. The duct block 84 attached to the housing 41 has a Shape that is complementary to the annular channel 47 and fits tightly to the bulk of plastic or polymers! Material in the channel ZUf to keep relative movement in relation to the walls (discs 48) and viscous liquid material conveyed forward by the walls (discs 48) for discharge as scrapes processed material through outlet port 86

In Figure 5 is an optional further mixing device shown with a protrusion 88. This protrusion 88 extends partially into the channels and increases through its action on the material in the annular channels 46 and 47, the shear of the machined Material and improves the mixing effect of the device. The actual mixed component, the projection 88, may have a variety of uses and shapes, e.g., in the form of noses, Wedges or blocks of such a shape and size that clearances are maintained from the duct walls, also in the form of sieves, static mixing devices, etc. By moving one inwards and outwards wedge-shaped mixing block for changing the distance with the duct walls becomes an adjustable Preserve the degree of mixing. In the form shown, the mixing component is a dam on its rear side 90 creates a material-free space, with the front and back in relation to the direction of movement of the annular channel 46 are defined. This free space can be used to load the annular channel 46 or vent by making a vent 92 in the housing on the front surface of protrusion 88 41 forms through which material that may have volatilized can escape. The ventilation opening 92 can also be used as an inlet for processing additives.

Alternatively, the channel block 84 itself can serve as a mixing block by adding a certain Provides distance that can be changed by moving the duct block in and out, and thus returns some or all of the material If all of the material is withdrawn a batch operation is obtained. If some of the material is taken back, one receives a continuous process.

A variety of procedures can be performed using these capabilities. So can the channel block can be adjusted so that some or all of the material is withdrawn to Bringing material in the channel into a desired condition; Furthermore, material can then either by the Inlet opening 71 or through the ventilation opening 92 or through both openings for mixing or Combine with the material used in the. Channel was converted into the desired state, added get

The following example illustrates the invention.

example

A machining device according to FIG. 1 was equipped with a rotor with a channel gap width of 0.25 " (ö, 3 mm), an outer diameter of 7.5 "(19.05 cm) and a 4.5 "(11.43 cm) indoor throat knife. The housing inlet of the device was Connected to a conduit to extract molten low density polyethylene from a screw press and the housing outlet was connected to a narrowed mouthpiece * The following were made Get results:

230 216/395

17th Material flow (kg / h) 27 Pressure rise 32 173 (Q 18th (Q exit (C) cn (Q Plasticization rate (kg / h) Discharge temperature (Q ■ (83.4) about the before (204.4) Material temperature (210.0) ( ⁰ F) (217.8) 400 (204.4) (Ib / hr) (10.6) ("F) (175.6) Rotor- (63.9) direction (148.9) (215.6) 424 (202.2) 400 (204.4) 23.3 (21.0) 348 (186.7) speed (29.2) P off / ^{1 on} ) Canal wall (148.9) (215.6) 396 (202.2) 400 (204.4) 46.2 (35.9) 368 (208.9) (Ib / hr) (126.6) (psi) (kp / cnr) temp. (148.9) entry (215.6) 396 (217.2) For this 4 79.2 Blatl drawings 408 183.5 (124.7) 490 (34.3) (148.9) ( ¹⁵ F) (214.4) 423 (217.2) (Rpm) 141.0 870 (60.9) 410 423 In another example, the same device is gravity-fed with a 0.75 "(19 mm) channel width 21 64.2 1275 (89.8) C ⁰ F) 420 loaded with solid low-density polyethylene pellets: 21 279 1510 (105.1) 400 420 19th 275 1705 (119.4) 300 420 55.5 300 418 73.5 300 300 Rotor speed Duct wall temp. (Rpm) 26.6 75.5 153.6

Claims (20)

Patent claims: 1. Process for processing solid and viscous plastic and polymer material by means of an annular channel that guides the material and surrounds a rotor and is located in a housing rotates together with the rotor and the material from an inlet opening to an outlet opening transported, which it is fed from the ring channel and where it is also dammed, thereby characterized in that the material is a strand with less than its radial height Width out, and by a damming effecting control of the discharge within the ü Strands a reverse flow to the rotational movement is generated 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the walls of the annular channel neighboring material in the form of an opposite of the Main mass of material advancing in the ring canal melted film transported and by a damming causing control of the Discharge an accumulation of molten material before exiting the annular channel is created. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strand to achieve a additional mixing effect by means of a resistance in the direction of rotation in front of the outlet opening «And is directed. 4. Verfanren according to claim 3, characterized gekennleichnet, that the (wateriai ninter the resistance flows through a free space from which the material formed gases withdrawn Jer in which additives are added to the material. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for batchwise Processing of the material the discharge of the material • from the outlet opening is blocked and after processing the batch is reopened. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Ringkana! with rotates finer speed of about 10 to 500 rpm. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a material or a Material mixture that forms a viscous, liquid plastic or polymeric material • Due to temperature. Pressure, rate of discharge of the material from the ring channel. Movement rate and Surface of the opposite walls reacts, is introduced into the ring channel. 8. The method according to claim 7 thereby identified. that a component of a material mixture. which form a viscous, liquid Plastic or polymeric material reacts in the annular channel between the inlet opening and the Outlet opening is introduced for mixing and for acting on the material in the annular channel. 9. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 8 with a the Material-carrying ring channel that surrounds a rotor and is in a housing with the rotor rotates and transports the material from an inlet opening to an outlet opening, de / it by means of a channel block is fed from the ring channel, characterized in that the ring channel (22) between disks (12) protruding from the rotor (10) with a radial height opposite it is formed smaller width and for damming the material in the direction of flow after Outlet opening (36) a forming device (38) for controlling the discharge of the material from the Outlet opening (36) is provided 10. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 8 with a the Material-leading ring channel that surrounds your rotor and is in a housing with the rotor rotates and transports the material from an inlet opening to an outlet opening which it by means of a channel block is fed from the ring channel, characterized in that the ring channel (46) between disks (48) protruding from the rotor (40) with a radial height opposite it is formed smaller width and for damming the material one or more, in the annular channel (46) protruding projections (88) are provided. 11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by cylindrical surface parts of the rotor (10; 50) on the outer edges of the annular channel (22; 46, 47) for rotation with the annular channel, the inlet opening (71) into an inlet chamber (74) leads having an undercut surface (70), which against the cylindrical surface parts of the rotor (10; "(O) to form a gap is inclined improved material supply in the annular channel. 12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11. characterized in that a ventilation opening (92) in the housing (41) on the rear side (90) of the projection (88) is provided. 13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the annular channel (46, 47) has a wedge-shaped cross-section. 14. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the projection (88) for movement in the annular channel {12; 46,47) and is attached out of the ring channel. to adjust the distance from the duct walls to control the mixing effect. 15. Device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the channel block (32; 76,84) is designed so that it has the passage of a limited amount of material through the annular channel (22; 46,47) allows. 16. Device according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the channel block (32; 76, 84) for movement into the ring channel (22; 46, 47) and out of the ring channel is attached to adjust its distance from the channel walls to control the mixing effect. 17. Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the outlet opening (78) for an annular channel (46) for discharging processed material with a further annular channel (47) is connected for further processing. 18. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the discs (12; 48) are adjustable on the shaft (14; 42), to be able to change the space between the panes, 19. Device according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that it has several ring kai channels (22; 46, 47), separate material feeds and separate inlet openings (28; 71) to separate annular channels or combinations of Ring channels and separate outlet openings (36; 86) from the separate ring channels or ring channel combinations, which are assigned to the material feeds and inlet openings (28; 71). 20, device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the rotor (40) with Channels (52,54,56) for guiding liquid for temperature control is provided