DE2723746C2 - Single-channel direction finder - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a single-channel direction finder of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

From DE-OS 24 32 905 a single-channel Peiiempfänger is known, in which a first switching phase with the output intermediate frequency of the DF channel free-swinging oscillator with the signal from the auxiliary antenna is synchronized and in the next two switching phases reference variable for determining the phase positions of the serves both bearing voltages. The amplitudes and phase positions of the DF voltages are stored in digital memories stored iJnd fed to a computer, due to the required phase stability of the free-running oscillator and the! determination of the phase positions, the arrangement is relatively complex.

DE-PS 8 62 031 describes a single-channel direction finding system in which you output voltages of the common Peilkitnals are routed to resonance circuits with a low decrement via a demultiplexer. To the The realization is the fulfillment of the high requirements for phase and amplitude stability for DF purposes Such resonance circles are associated with considerable effort.

From OE-AS 12 26172 a direction finder is known, in which through in the common amplifier branch Combination of the DF voltages with the phase-rotated round voltage, the high-frequency phase information is converted into equal voltage levels which, after being temporarily stored, control a direction finding device. Disadvantages here are the special requirements that are placed on the amplitude ratios of DF voltages and Round voltage or Ji the gain characteristics can be provided.

The invention is based on the object of creating a single-channel direction finder of the type mentioned at the outset, which Requires as little effort as possible and in connection with a large number of different DF systems is usable.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a single-channel direction finder with the features set out in claim 1 specified features. The subclaims contain advantageous embodiments of the invention.

A preferred embodiment consists in that an interferometer arrangement is provided as the DF antenna system with three individual antennas arranged in the corners of a right triangle and forming two bases, that the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are chosen so that the receiving voltage of the two bases common Individual antenna is sampled at times / i, t \ + Jt, fi + 3Jt and fi + 4Jt, the receiving voltage of the second individual antenna of one base at time fi + 2Jt and the receiving voltage of the second individual antenna of the other base at time fi + 5Jt where fi is an arbitrary point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive scans, and that to determine the phase difference between the received voltages of the two individual antennas of one base or between the received voltages of the two individual antennas of the other base in the evaluation device, the z u at times fi and ti + 2Jt can be multiplied with one another and by the square of the at time f | + Jt of the determined sample value or those at the times f | + 3At and t \ + 5 / lt can be multiplied with each other and divided by the square of the sample determined at time fi + 4dt.

An advantageous - because with fewer scans coming - embodiment is given that when using an interferometer arrangement with three in the corners of a right triangle arranged, two bases forming individual antennas as the DF antenna system, the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are chosen so that the Reception voltage of the individual antenna common to the two bases at times t \, t], + 2J and fi + 4Jf, the reception voltage of the second individual antenna of one base at time ii + Jt and the reception voltage of the second individual antenna of the other base at time ti + 3Jt can be scanned , where fi is any point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive scans _; and that in order to determine the phase difference between the receiving voltages of the two individual antennas of one base or of the two individual antennas of the other base in the evaluation device, the sample value obtained at the time U + Jt by the square root of the product of the times t \ and t \ + 2Jt can be divided or the sampling value obtained at the point in time fi + 3Jt can be divided by the square root of the product of the sampling values obtained at the points in time ii + 2Jt and ii: AJt .

In an embodiment particularly suitable for mobile purposes, it is provided that the DF antenna system is designed as an interferometer arrangement with four individual antennas that are arranged in the corner points of a square or a rhombus and form two bases, that the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are selected so that the reception voltage of one single antenna of one base at times f 1 and f | + Jt. the received voltage of the other single antenna of this base at time t \ + 2Jt, the received voltage of one single antenna of the other base at times ii + 3Ji and ii + 4Ji and the received voltage of the other single antenna of the other base at time fi + 5dt can be sampled , with t \ is any point in time and Ji is the time interval between two successive scans, and that in order to determine the phase difference between the received voltages of the individual antennas of one base or the individual antennas of the other base in the evaluation device, those obtained at times Λ and / ι + tJt Samples can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the sample obtained at time t \ + Jt or the samples taken at times I ₁ + 3Jt and t \ + 5Jt can be multiplied together and divided by the square of the sample taken at time t \ + 4Jt are.

Another embodiment particularly well suited for mobile purposes is obtained in that the DF antenna system is designed as an interferometer arrangement with four individual antennas forming two bases, arranged in the corners of a square or diamond, so that the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are selected that the receiving voltage of one individual antenna of one base at times ii and fi + 2Jt, the receiving voltage of the other individual antenna of this base at time fi + Jt, the receiving voltage of one individual antenna of the other base at times ti and 3Jt and ii + 5Jt and the received voltage of the other single antenna of the other base can be sampled at time ii + 4Jt , where ft is any point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive samples, and that to determine the phase difference between the received voltages of the individual antennas of one base or the Ei individual antennas of the other base in the evaluation device the sample value obtained at time ii + Jt by the square root of the product of the values at times Λ and i; + 2Jt determined sampling values or the sampling value obtained at time ii + 4Jt can be divided by the square root of the product of the sampling values obtained at times ti + 3Jt and fj +5 Jt

A few more scans required is that the DF antenna system is designed as an interferometer arrangement with four individual antennas that are arranged in the corners of a square or a diamond and form two bases, that the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are chosen so that the receiving voltage of one single antenna of one base at times t \, t \ + Jt and fi + 3Jt, the reception voltage of the other single antenna of this base at time t \ + 2Jt, the reception voltage of one single antenna of the other base at times ii + 4Ji ₁ ti + jJi and fi + 7Ji and the received voltage of the other single antenna of the other base can be sampled at the point in time fi + 6Jt , where fi is any point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive samplings, and that to determine the phase difference between the received

/ do

voltages of the individual antennas of one base or of the individual antennas of the other base in the evaluation device the / u the times fi + At and i | + 2At obtained samples can be multiplied with each other and by the product of the times fi and / | + 3At can be divided or the samples obtained at times t \ + 5At and t, + 6At can be multiplied with one another and divided by the product of the samples obtained at times t \ + AAt and t \ + TAt .

A preferred embodiment, in which the determined bearing functions already contain the azimuth and elevation, is given that when using an Adcock system as the bearing antenna system, the switching sequence of the switching device and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are chosen so that the undirected, rotated by 90 in phase Received voltage from the total output of the Adcock system at times ii, i, + At, t \ + 3At and t \ + AAt, the bearing voltage from one differential output of the Adcock system at time / 1 + 2At and the bearing voltage from the other differential output of the Adcock system at time I. ₁ + 5At can be scanned , where t \ is any point in time and At is the time interval between two successive scans, and that for determining a voltage in proportional to the sine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation or the cosine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation the evaluation device obtained at times i, and /, + 2At en sample values can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the sample value obtained at time fi + At or that at times fi + 3At and f | + 5At accumulated sampling values can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the sampling value accumulated at time ii + AAt.

An advantageous embodiment of the same type, because less scanning is required, consists in the fact that the pilot antenna system is designed as an Adcock system, that the overlapping of the Uiiischuiteiiirichiüng iü and the scanning sequence of the scanning device are chosen so that the non-directional received voltage from the sum output, rotated by 90 ° in phase of the Adock system at times t \, t \ + 2At and t \ + AAt, the bearing voltage of the one differential output of the Adcock system at time f | + At and the bearing voltage from the other differential output of the Adcock system at time fi + 3At can be sampled , where fi is any point in time and At is the time interval between two successive samples, and that for determining one the sine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation or the The voltage proportional to the cosine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation in the evaluation device at the time f | + At can be divided by the root of the product of the samples obtained at times r and t \ + 2At or the sample obtained at time t \ + 3At by the root of the product of the values at times f | + 2z / around t, + AAt accumulated samples can be divided.

Another preferred embodiment consists in an arrangement as described, wherein the Adcock antenna is replaced by a cross frame. Some favorable embodiments are in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.

1 shows in a block diagram an arrangement with a DF antenna system A, a switching device U, a single-channel receiver E, a scanning device AT, an evaluation device AE - for example a computer - and a display device AZ. The constant scanning sequence of the scanning device 47 "is adapted to the switching sequence of the switching device U. The switching sequence is selected as a function of the respective Peüariter.nensysteni A used .

F i g. 2a shows an example of the DF antenna A. It is a small base lnterferometeranordnung with three in the corner points of an isosceles right-angled triangle arranged individual aerials I to 3, which form two bases B \ and Bi. The switching and sampling rhythm v. Is selected as follows, for example:

Sampling time sampled single antenna Sampled value

f, 1 e "·"'

ti + At l _e M '. + Ji;

t \ + 2At 2 QUi ^ t, * -υο - * - ψ2

t, + 3At 1 e * 4i, + uo jo

t, + AAt 1 _e M <i * «J ';

t, + 5At 3 eMfi + sJtf + v.

Here, t _{t is} any point in time, At the time interval between two successive scans (e.g. 1 msec), ω the angular frequency of the received signal and gn or g ^ the phase difference between the received voltages of the individual antennas 1 and 2 or I and 3. To determine the phase difference ψ2 or φ $ , the product of the samples obtained at the sampling times fi and fi + 2At is divided by the square of the sampling value obtained at the time t \ + At , with the bearing function e ^ remaining or that Product of the sampled values obtained at times t \ + 3At and U + 5At divided by the square of the sampled value obtained at time t \ + AAt , whereby the bearing function e · ^ is separated. Since the interferometer has a small base, the phase differences gn and φ ^ can be clearly determined from the bearing functions evi and e "r> . From the phase differences gn and jP3, the azimuth and elevation of the received signal are generated in the usual way in the evaluation device AE which are then displayed in the display device AZ . The bearing time can be adapted to the respective requirements. Six scans are required (three per base), which takes a total of 6 msec, for example. Already after a further 6 to 10 msec computing time, for example, an azimuth and an elevation value are available The accuracy of the bearing results can be increased through integration or panorama analysis.

When using an interferometer arrangement according to FIG. 2a is also the following switching and sampling rhythm possible, which advantageously even requires one less scan:

Sampling time

scanned single antenna

Sample

U + At t _t + 2 yrs t \ + 3y

_e Md + Jl) + I QtOl (Iy + 2Jt) gW (j (/ i + } / 1l) (- qU, j (i, + 4Jl)

To determine the phase difference φι and g ^ in this case, the time f | + Jt divided by the root of the product of the samples obtained at times fi and fi + 2Jt, resulting in the bearing function e '» ¹ ', or the sampled value at time ft + 3Jt by the root of the product divided by the sampled values occurring at the times fi + 2Jt and fi + 4Jt , the bearing function e'w being generated. Since the scanning sequence begins and ends with a scanning of the individual antenna 1, two or more consecutive scanning sequences can also save a further scanning by using the last scanning value of the preceding scanning sequence as the first scanning value of the following scanning sequence.

In the case of a mobile single-channel direction finder, the interferometer arrangement has to be mounted on the roof of a truck, for example. In this case, a symmetrical square or diamond arrangement of four individual antennas makes sense, in which one square or diamond diagonal corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
2b shows such an interferometer arrangement with four single antennas 1 to 4 arranged in the corner points of a square and forming two bases Si and Bi . In this case, for example, the following switching and scanning rhythm is appropriate:

Sampling time

fi

U + Jt ti + 2Jt t _{ + 3Jt

U + 5y

sampled single names

Samples

¹ I + Jt)

■ ι * Ut) <V:

To determine the phase difference φι or grj (where <P5 = {f " - qf )) the product of the samples obtained at times fi and fl + 2At is then divided by the square of the sample obtained at time / ι + Jt , whereby locks the bearing e ^. * is determined. and the product of t at time points \ + 3JT and t \ + 5JT of divided samples obtained by the square at the time ti + 4JT incurred Abiastwerts, wherein locks the bearing e ''^'1 is produced .

The interferometer arrangement according to FIG. 2b also enables the following scanning sequence:

Sampling time

scanned single antenna

Scanning

fi

t \ + Jt U + 2y t \ + 3y t \ + 4Yt

1 2 1 3

4 3

₁ + Ut)

To determine the phase difference φι or g ^ {g> i = gf'-gf) , the sampling value obtained at time fi + Jt is divided by the square root of the product of the sampling values obtained at times fi and fi + 2Jt, the bearing function e ** is determined, or the sampling value obtained at time fi + 4Jt is divided by the square root of the product of the sampling values obtained at times ti + 3Jt and U + 5Jt, the bearing function e * ¹ 'being determined.

The following sequence of scans when using an interferometer arrangement according to FIG. 2b requires some scans more:

sampled single antenna sampled value

Sampling time al fi 1 fi + Jf 1 / ι + 2Jf 2 ίι + 3Jf 1 fi + 4Jf 3 ίι + 5Jf 3 f, + 6Jf 4th / ■ + 7Jf 3

i + 2Jt / , + ijt)

The phase difference p> 2 or?> J is calculated in this case by dividing the product of the at the times f | + Jf and / 1 + 2Jf is determined by the product of the samples obtained at times fi and fi + 3Jf, resulting in the bearing function e '^ ··, or by dividing the product of the samples at times f | + 5Jf and fi + 6Jf obtained by the product of the sampled values obtained at the times fi + 4Jf and fi + 7 Jf, the bearing function e ¹ "being produced.

Cs is of course not necessary, as one Pcüsnterinensysiern A p!. '. Erferorr.e'.eranordnung orzuseh ^v? N Rri using a Adcocksystems (the same applies to a cross frame) by means of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 as ;. - Rotated by 90 ° in phase - non-directional signal from the sum output and the two bearing signals from the two differential outputs of the Adcock system in a similar manner in time multiplex individually amplified in the receiver £ and scanned in the scanning device AT. The complex voltage values which are then fed to the computer (evaluation device AE) as samples are:

Sampling time sampled Adcock output Sampling value

f, sum output VA e '"," ¹

/ i + Jf sum output V ■ A - e ^ h + JO _j0

fi + 2Jf differential output 1 A ■ sin «· cosf ■ e» "<'' ^{+ 2J} "

f, + 3Jf sum output VA- e '"*'< ^{+ iJ} t)

fi + 4Jr sum output VA- c ^ia <'<* ^AJ '>

fi + 5Jf differential output 2 A · cos «· cost · e" ^l <'' ^{+ 5} - ''''

No gain factor, A is the amplitude, «is the azimuth and ε is the elevation. In the computer, by dividing the product of the times f | and fi + 2Jf obtained samples by the

_ -. . ■. r »· ιί 1 · 5ΪΠΛ ■ COS,,,

Square of the ADtasiweris obtained at the point in time fi + z / f a cfsic Peiifuniciiun y and through

Division of the product of the times / | + 3Ji and fi + 5Jf accrued defensive values through the square of the sample obtained at time fi + 4Ji, a second bearing function ρ. By dividing the

Both bearing functions are determined by the computer tan «and thus the azimuth. By adding the squares of the two bearing functions, cos ² f and thus the elevation are determined.

If an Adcock system (or cross frame system) is used, the following switchover and abortion sequence is required possible, whereby one scanning is advantageously saved:

Sampling time sampled Adcock output Sampling value

fi sum output VA- e ^a ">

f, + Jf differential output 1 Λ ■ sin «■ cos £ ■ e"<'' ^{+ J} '^ ^x

t, + Zdt sum output V- A ■ e ^ + uo

fi + 3Jf differential output 2 A ■ cos «· cose · e ' ^Vt * ⁱ '' ^{+ 3J} '< ¹

ii + 4Ji sum output γ · A ■ e "* ¹ '+ * · ¹ ')

By dividing the time f! + Jf of the sample obtained by the square root of the product of the to

The sampling values obtained at the times ti and fi + 2Jf are obtained here the first bearing function y and

by dividing the sample value obtained at the time i + 3Jf by the square root of the product of the zu

The second bearing function y occurs at the times fi + 2Jf and fi + 4Jf. At two

or more consecutive scanning sequences is also a saving of one in each case further scanning possible per sequence.

At higher frequencies, the dipoles can easily be replaced by directional antennas with profit. The second base and thus the number of necessary scans can then advantageously be dispensed with can be reduced by up to 50%. When using an interferometer arrangement as a file antenna system an expansion to a large base operation is possible. There is also the possibility of listening in during of the bearing process.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (9)

Patent claims: 1. Single-channel direction finder with a switching device, over which the receiving voltages of a DF antenna system can be fed in faster single-channel receivers, with a scanning device for scanning the s receiver output signal, and with an evaluation device for the sampled values of the receiver output signal, in which the phase difference of the received voltages can be determined to determine the direction of incidence, characterized in that the switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the sampling sequence of the sampling device (AT) depend on the used DF antenna system (A) are chosen so that in the evaluation device (AE) from the resulting samples of the ίο Receiver output signal can be determined by operations such as multiplying, dividing, squaring and square root depending on the DF antenna system (A) DF functions that contain either the phase differences of the received voltages required to determine the direction of incidence or the azimuth and elevation itself (Fig. 1). 2. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that as DF antenna system (A) an interferometer arrangement with three arranged in the corner points of a right triangle, two bases (B \ and Bi) forming individual antennas (1 to 3) provided to that the The switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are selected so that the receiving voltage of the individual antenna (1) common to the two bases (B \ and B ₂ ) at the times fi, fi + Jt, t _t + 3Jt and ti + 4Jt, the reception voltage of the second individual antenna (2) of one base (B ₁ ) at time ti + 2Jt and the reception voltage of the second single antenna (3) of the other base (Bi) at time ti + 5Jt sampled t-: ird, where ti is an arbitrary point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive scans, and that to determine the phase difference between the receiving voltages of the two individual antennas (1 and 2) of one base (Bt) or between d In the receiving voltages of the two individual antennas (1 and 3) of the other base (Bi) in the evaluation device (AE), the sampling values obtained at times ii and ii + 2Jt can be multiplied with one another and divided or respectively divided by the square of the sampling value determined at time fi + Jt. the sampling values occurring at times fi + 3Jt and fi + 5Jt can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the sampling value determined at time u + AJt (Fig. 1 and 2a). 3. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that when using an Inierferometeran order with three arranged in the corner points of a right triangle, two bases (Bi and Bi) forming individual antennas (1 to 3) as DF antenna system (A) the switching sequence the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are selected so that the receiving voltage of the individual antenna (1) common to the two bases (B _x and Bi) is the receiving voltage at the times tu fi + 2Jt and u + AJt of the second single antenna (2) of one base (Bi) at time t \ + Jt and the receiving voltage; g of the second single antenna (3) of the other base (Bi) can be scanned at time t \ + 3Jt , where / 1 is any decimal point and Jt are the time interval between two successive scans, and that to determine the phase difference between the received voltages of the two individual antennas (1 and 2) of the one base (Bi) or the two individual antennas (1 un d 3) of the other base (Bi) in the evaluation device (AE) the sample value obtained at time t \ + Jt can be divided by the square root of the product of the samples obtained at times u and t \ + 2Jt or that at time t \ + 2Jt + 3Jt accumulated sampling value by the square root of the product of the ;: u times / 1 + 2Jt and <i + AJt accumulating sampling values (F i g. 1 and 2a). 4. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that the DF antenna system (A) a \ s interferometer arrangement with four arranged in the corner points of a square or a diamond, two bases (B] and Bi) forming individual antennas (1 and 4) is that the switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are chosen so that the receiving voltage of a single antenna (1) of a base (Bi) at times t \ and ti + Jt, the receiving voltage of other single antenna (2) of this base (Bi) at time ti + 2Jt, the reception voltage of one single antenna (3) of the other base (Bi) at times ti + 3Jt and fi + AJt and the reception voltage of the other single antenna (4) other base (Bi) can be sampled at time t _t + 5Jt , where t _{t is} an arbitrary point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive samplings, and that for determining the phase difference between the received voltages the Ei Individual antennas (1 and 2) of one base (Bi) or of the individual antennas (3 and 4) of the other base (Bi) in the evaluation device (AE) at the times / | and t \ + 2Jt can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the sampled value obtained at time t \ + Jt or that at times f | + 3Jt ^ and / ι + 5Jt accumulated samples can be multiplied with one another and by the square of the at the time fö; fi + AJt accumulated sampling value can be divided (F i g. 1 and 2b). I ' 5. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that the DF antenna system MaIs Interfe- F * rometer arrangement with four in the corner points of a square or a rhombus, two bases ί I 60 (B \ and B2) forming individual antennas (t to 4) is designed that the switching sequence of the Umschalteinrich-E device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are chosen so that the receiving voltage of the ψ: a single antenna (1) of a base (B \) at times fi and / 1 + 2Jt, the receiving voltage of ! ■ ',! the other individual antenna (2) of this base (Bi) at the time ti + Jt. tenne (3) the other base (Bi) at times t \ + 3Jt and t \ + 5Jt and the received voltage of 65 other single antenna (4) of the other base (Bi) can be relieved at time I] + AJ1 , with / 1 a ;, ·, Any point in time and Al are the time interval between two successive scans, and dali U to determine the phase difference between the received voltages of the individual antennas (1 and 2) of the ψ a base ^ Si) or the individual antennas (3 and 4) of the other base (Bi) in the ejection device (AE) dcr The sampling value obtained at time ti +. ^ f can be divided by the root of the product of the sampling values determined at times fi and fi + 2Jt or the sampling value obtained at time ti + 4Jt by the root of the product of the times fl + 3Jt and ii + 5Jt obtained samples is divisible (Figs. 1 and 2b). 6. Single-channel direction finder according to claim t, characterized in that the DF antenna system (A) is designed as an interferometer arrangement with four individual antennas (1 to 4) which are arranged in the corner points of a square or a diamond and form two bases (Bi and B ₂ ), that the switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are chosen so that the receiving voltage of one individual antenna (1) of one base (Bi) at times ti, ti + Jt and it + 3Jt, the receiving voltage of the other individual antenna (2) of this base (Bi) at time fi + 2Jt, the receiving voltage of one individual antenna (3) of the other base (B ₂ ) at times ii +4 Jt, ti + 5Jt and fi + TJt and the receiving voltage the other individual antenna (4) of the other base (B?) can be scanned at time ti + 6Jt , where Λ is any time and Jt is the time interval between two successive scans, and that to determine the phase difference between the Emp Interception voltages of the individual antennas (1 and 2) of one (Bx) or of the individual antennas (3 and 4) of the other base (B ₂ ) in the evaluation device ^ 4 £ ^ the sampled values obtained at times ii + Jt and fi + 2Jt together can be multiplied and divided by the product of the samples obtained at times r and ti + 3Jt or the samples obtained at times fi + 5Jt and ti + 6Jt can be multiplied with one another and by the product of the samples obtained at times f ι + 4Jt and ii + TJt accumulated samples can be divided (fi g. 1 and 2b). 7. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that when using an Adcock system as Peilanlennensystem (A) the switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) is chosen so that the 90 ° rotated in phase undirected receiver voltage from Sum output of the Adcock system τ. \ Deii times fi, fi + Jt, ti + 3Jt and ft + ÄJt, the partial voltage from the difference output of the Adcock system at times T ₁ + 2Jt and the bearing voltage from the other difference output of the Adcock system to Time fι + 5Jt can be sampled , where f ι is any point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive scans, and that for determining one of the sine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation or the cosine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation proportional voltage in the evaluation device (AE) d \ e at the times fi and fi + 2dt obtained samples can be multiplied with each other and by the quadr at of the sample obtained at the time ti + Ji can be divided or the samples obtained at the times fi + 3Jt and ft + 5Jt can be multiplied with one another and divided by the square of the samples obtained at the time ti + 4Jt (FIG. 1). 8. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, characterized in that the DF antenna system (A) is designed as Adcocksystern that the switching sequence of the switching device (U) and the scanning sequence of the scanning device (AT) are chosen so that the by 90 ° in the Phase rotated non-directional received voltage from the total output of the Adcock system at times t \, fi + 2 ^ f and f | + AJt, the bearing voltage from one differential output of the Adcock system at time fi + Jt and the bearing voltage from the other differential output of the Adcock system at time fi + 3 ^ f can be sampled, where ft is any point in time and Jt is the time interval between two successive samples, and that to determine a voltage proportional to the sine of the azimuth and the cosine of the elevation or the cosine of the azimuth and the Kosit.js of the elevation in the evaluation device (AE) the sample obtained at the time ft + Jt through the square root of the product of to The sampling values obtained at the times fi and fi + 2Jt can be divided or those obtained at the time f | + 3Jt occurring sample value can be divided by the square root of the product of the sample values falling at times ii + 2Jt and fi + 4Jt (FIG. 1). 9. Single-channel direction finder according to claim 1, 7 or 8, characterized in that an antenna system Cross frame is provided.