DE2713067C2 - Dextrin-containing oil-water emulsion for fuel use - Google Patents

Description

Petroleum means one of the most important sources of energy for mankind A variety of petrochemical Products enriched or made civilization possible in the last century An increased demand for crude oil can be expected in the future.

The estimated amount of oil stocks in the world is limited and geographically largely unevenly distributed As the 1973 oil crisis demonstrated, can the production rates and the demanded prices depend on the discretion of the oil-producing countries. That is why it is one of the main concerns of mankind to develop new sources of energy. Every means is like that welcome, through which the consumption of crude oil can be made more economical.

In view of these facts, it is a concern of the invention to propose measures to save oil, which consist in the fact that the heating oil water is added. The invention results from providing an emulsifier which does the mixing of oil and water and thus the provision of a fuel produced in this way. The basic idea has its origin in a phenomenon that can be observed from afar: for example, pulverized coal provides more heat when burned when it is mixed with a small amount of water, and fuel is sprayed with water to be used in smelting furnaces and in jet engines Take off an airplane to burn more effectively.

oil and water are in their original state not miscible because of the differences in their surface tension and their specific gravity. Polymeric substances, such as Gum arabic, vegetable gelatine or polyalcohol are general emulsifiers for oils and fats However, they are known to be useless for mixing oil and water. To obtain an emulsion from 70% oil and 30% water, an ultrasonic reactor has also been used with success. The emulsion was found to provide more heat and at the same time the content of contaminants is reduced to a great extent (cf. Newsweek, June 14, 1974). However, ultrasonic emulsifiers are in Quite expensive to install and operate. In addition, the emulsion obtained leaves with respect to Stability and durability leave a lot to be desired.

The main object of the invention is therefore to provide an oil-water emulsion for fuel purposes, which in can be produced at minimal cost and with a simple and economical emulsifying device and has the highest stability and durability

Since the claimed emulsion is used as fuel, there must be a sufficient relationship between fuel saving and efficient combustion. The optimal proportion water can be much smaller than oil, because how It is well known that the surface tension of oils is not only greater than that of water, but its weight is also smaller than that of water, so that the water consists of an oil-water mixture Therefore, in the emulsification process to create the emulsion according to the claims, the Water can be divided into fine particles that are uniform Often dispersed in the oil, making an emulsion of the water-in-oil type. A simple mixer or a Colloid mill can be used. The particles of the final water-in-oil type emulsion must be of

is of colloidal order to be given the gradual changes in temperature and resistance over a considerable period of time Ensure stability. To this end, the invention requires an emulsifier that is highly effective the emulsification of oil with water is permitted

As a result of numerous experiments it has been shown that dextrin is a highly effective emulsifying agent for the requirements of the invention. Dextrin is easily soluble in cold water and has a high level of solubility

Degree of dispersion. Also, dextrin is low Viscosity high fluidity strong adhesion and

low degree of gelation, so that it is suitable for the purpose of

Invention is ideal. According to one embodiment of the invention

The specified emulsified fuel is made by adding 2 to 15 parts by weight of dextrin to 1000 parts by weight of an oil-heat mixture (30:70) and treating this mixture in an emulsifying device If, in this case, the content of dextrin is less than ² parts by weight of the oil-water mixture, the stability of the emulsion obtained is noticeably reduced; when on the other hand, more than ¹⁵ / are present iooo parts by weight of the oil-water mixture, the degree of dispersion of the dextrin is and its flowability is reduced accordingly gets worse. At the same time, in the latter case, the emulsion suffers from precipitated substances, and so can Burner openings are no longer passed because these precipitation products clog the openings will. Therefore has been found that the appropriate amount of added is dextrin to the mixture of water and between ² and ¹⁵ Λοοο / iooo parts by weight based on the total weight of the mixture amount, should oil. An emulsion from

Water-in-oil type with such a dextrin content can maintain its advantageous state at least Maintained for 15 months. On the other hand, instead of dextrin, starch with various additional proportions was used, it was impossible to make an emulsion of

To preserve water in oil.

As mentioned above, the mixture according to the invention has a proportion of 30 parts of water 70 parts of oil proved to be useful. However, if the composition is changed so that more than

30 parts water and less than 70 parts oil present the calorific value of the fuel decreases considerably. When finally the composition is 50: SO is reached, no more combustion is possible at all. Hence it must be stated that the most favorable

_b 5 The ratio of water to oil is such that there is 30 parts or less of water for 70 parts or more of oil. It must be noted, however, that the mixing ratio depends on the type of oil used.

in particular, whether heavy or light oil is used, can vary more or less.

Another important aspect of the invention is to be taken into account is that established it was found that the emission of toxic impurities when burning the emulsion according to the invention,

for example an emulsion of water in Bunker-C-Oil, can be reduced considerably. the the following table shows a comparison of the impurities from an emulsion according to the invention with those of Bunker-C-Oil alone when burned under the following conditions:

Comparison of the generated impurities *):

100% Bunker-C-Oil **) CO Emulsion of 28% water in 72% Bunker C oil Water- SO ₂ water SO ₂ CO amount (t) amount (t)

1.00 553.6 ppm 500 ppm

1.25 568.2 ppm 530 ppm

1.50 568.2 ppm

Remarks:

*) = A 1 t burner was used in this experiment. · *) = Bunker C oil from Kuwait crude oil.

0.80
1.00
1.50

206.9 ppm
305.5 ppm
384.4 ppm

120 ppm 145 ppm

25 The Einbringtemperatur burned the fuel to be tested was 80 to 90 ⁰ C, while the temperature of the water introduced was 15 ° C. Two runs were carried out with emulsions each consisting of 30.4% water and 69.6% Bunker-C-Oil (Kuwait crude oil), introducing Bunker-C-Oil and Bunker-C-Oil-30, with 1000 parts The temperature of the oil-water-gemi-water emulsion in the boiler was contained in 5 parts of dextrin. The results are brought to 800 to 1000 ^{° C. inside.} The following table is compiled for this purpose:
The purpose was diesel oil for more than 1 hour

example

The fuel utilization was based on Bunker-C-Oil on the one hand and Bunker-C-Oil-Water-Emulsion according to the invention examined in a 1 t boiler. Before the

Tabel Bunker-C-Oil Emulsion according to the invention Pass 1 pass 2

Fuel consumption 92.5 I.
(100) 153.3 I.
(166) 141.7 1
(153) Bunker C oil consumption without water 92.5 1
(100) 107 1
(116) 99 1
(107) Formed steam 1140 1
(100) 1477 1
(130) 1381 1
(121) Bunker C oil consumption per liter
formed steam 0.08
(100) 0.07
(87.5) 0.07
(87.5) Formed steam
per liter of Bunker-C-Oil 12.3 1
(100) 13.8 1
(112) 13.9 1
(113) Thermal efficiency *) 44.84%
(100) 52.81%
(118) 53.44%
(119) Total heat index of the steam 100.0 80.43 81.39 Net bunker C oil
Heat index equivalent 100.0 114.9 116.27 Fuel efficiency - at 15%
improved by 16%
improved

*) The thermal efficiency of the fuel was calculated from the heat of combustion of the fuel, the sensible heat (intrinsic heat) of the fuel, air and introduced water, the total heat of steam and exhaust gas and the waste heat.

Note: The numbers in brackets indicate the percentage of the amount of emulsified heating oil to Bunker-C-Oil.

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. Dextrin-containing oil-water emulsion for fuel use consisting of less than 50% water and more than 50% oil and 2 to 15 parts by weight Dextrin per 1000 parts by weight of the oil-water mixture. 2. Emulsion according to claim 1 from 30 or less parts by weight of water and from 70 or more Parts by weight of OIL