DE2649304A1 - Sludge treated to produce energy-rich material - by aerobic process with heat retention followed by ventilation and drying - Google Patents

Abstract

Acid or alkaline sludge with 15-50% solids content and opt. inoculated with similar sludge to promote the process, is adjusted to a pH value exceeding 7, esp. 8-11, by adding alkali. pref. calcium; the sludge is then laid in vertical, horizontal, inclined or other suitably shaped layers to a silo depth in a growth chamber with accompanying sufficient aeration. Light is excluded and the chamber is insulated and, without heating, a temp. of 5-60 (25-35) degrees C is maintained; natural or artificial ventilation is provided and harmful gases are removed or neutralised. Microbic action is continued for 2-20 days to convert mineral and harmful gas-producing substances into energy rich substances, harmful and noxious gases being broken down and neutralised. When the desired prodn. has been achieved, intensive aeration with or without heating and/or drying is used for suppressing microbe growth. Used to produce materials suitable for combustion, low temp. carbonisation, coking and the production of activated carbon and in general for rendering noxious rubbish harmless.

Description

Process for converting sewage sludge with or without additives

from high-energy waste to a safe, landfillable medium and / or to recyclable primary energy sources, in particular with the Suitability for b e cing, b eing and / or v e r c o k u n g u n d for the extraction of heat, c o c s, g a s, oil and ac t i v coal Prior art There are known methods that waste and / or sewage sludge through Implement rotting, with the aim of soil improvers and pilter material based on humus or something like that. The well-known posting is used here, whereby by T: lineralisation conscious organic matter with a high calorific value is dismantled. Experience has shown that the resulting rotting loss is 27 to 50 weight.

It is also known that sewage sludge with a high additional Primary energy expenditure burned in shell incineration plants or tube incinerators will.

The purpose of the invention is, in a 1st phase, that in the medium sewage sludge to preserve available energy as much as possible, but still through microbial activity to change the sewage sludge so that it is largely free of odors and pollutants is freed and is also brought into a consistency that is special good for combustion, charring, coking and for the production of activated carbon suitable, or can be used for the detoxification of hazardous waste and sludge.

This is achieved by having those involved in the implementation aerobic microbes such living conditions are provided that an optimal growth of these microbes and thereby the activity of the degrading (mineralizing) Microbes largely suppressed. The growth of those who create substances is desirable Microbes, that is, bacteria that are characterized by a chemoautotrophic way of life, preferably from the families Ohlamydobacteria (e.g.

Sphärotilus natans) and Mycobacteriales! These bacteria expose mineral Nutrients such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, etc. in the body's own substance um, which is known as high-energy, and calibration for pollutant-free maintenance suitable as "renn, lat-erial or the like, or df-'1; ° -nie-able. The microbial Growth is stopped by controlled dehydration.

In a second phase, the material obtained in the first phase, if incineration or landfill does not occur, gas / and / or coke production and / or further processed for the production of activated carbon.

In a third phase, the material obtained in the first phase should be used Detoxification and processing of special waste, commercial and / or industrial waste and / or Water sludge can be used.

Process description phase 1 Fresh and / or digested sludge from mechanical-biological Wastewater treatment plants, which have a solid consistency (30 to 45% solids content) are present, are to be presented directly or after vaccination with pre-treated material Finished product from the 1st phase = return material, incorporated into a wax reactor.

brings. The pH of the medium introduced must be in the alkaline range are, preferably between 8 and 11, if necessary, the pH value is adjusted by adding Alkalis raised, preferably with calcium. requirement for the optimal or

suitable microbial development (growth) is: a) that they are in sufficient numbers are available (if not sufficiently available, this is done by inoculating with Return goods reached), b) Temperature control between 5 and 6000, preferably between 25 and 3500, c) unconscious darkness, or keeping away from light, the photosynthesis allows, d) sufficient ventilation for the microbes 1S [achs-tun, with the at the same time the resulting water can be drained away, but drying out What is to be avoided is e) a suitable layering of the material that makes up the supply the microbes have no fresh air.

Depending on the existing consistency of the clear sludge, returned material becomes the sludge admixed with known mixing devices to achieve the puncture resistance. A better air access for the microbe growth is thereby achieved, whereby dense (compact) stratification is avoided.

The suitable and / or pretreated material is used in suitable layers introduced into the growth reactor in various ways (see Claims).

Depending on the temperature control and the often different composition of the sewage sludge a reaction time of 7 to 20 days is necessary, whereby it is under It may be necessary to redeploy the mass one or more times.

The putrid and / or other odor-intensive ones that develop in the first few days Gases are passed through an adsorption filter and neutralized. Here will be known adsorption filters such as activated carbon filters or similar are used, or but a novel absorption filtering as described in the claim is used.

The temperature and air flow are controlled by appropriate measuring devices. The amount of heat and air required for this is provided by known heating and ventilation devices.

The microbe growth is achieved by targeted dehydration via a corresponding intensive ventilation and associated drying stopped, and / or with known Drying facilities carried out.

The material obtained is or can be mechanically carried out using known means crushed, preferably torn and ground, and then as flakes or in pressed form, preferably briquette, serpentine and granulate form, as heating material used, or the 2Unih; be sent.

Process description phase 2 The material obtained in the first phase is done without or after mechanical processing, preferably tearing and pay with possibly subsequent extrusion with known facilities to preferably Pellets or granules are forwarded to coking on known devices, whereby the coking is preferably carried out in such a way that a tax on gas, oil, Coke and / or a maximum of mass suitable for the production of activated carbon is produced, or activated carbon is obtained directly.

Process description phase 3 The material obtained in the first phase Due to its biological pretreatment, it is suitable for detoxifying hazardous waste. For this purpose, the hazardous waste must, if it is not available in a suitable size be crushed to 0 to 25 mm, preferably to 0 to 5 mm. Metal parts are sorted out by magnetic separator and / or by hand before comminution, or can also be comminuted if a suitable mill is selected. Minerals and plastics can remain in the garbage, but the percentage by weight of PVC or other substances containing chlorine do not exceed 5%, otherwise an explosion must be expected during combustion and coking. A low percentage The proportion of substances containing chlorine is not important, as those present in the medium Metals bind the atomic chlorine to metal chlorides, creating a risk of explosion can be avoided.

Known to the material obtained from the first phase Mixing devices up to 40 or 50 weight SS mixed with the following special waste will.

a) Waste from the rubber and paint industry b) Waste from the petrochemical industry c) Used oil, drilling oil and other water-containing emulsions d) Paper and cellulose waste e) Slaughterhouse and food industry waste f) Water pollution g) Other high-energy waste To reduce the reaction time for oils, fats or other carbon and To shorten hydrocarbon liquids, these are known with Emulsified bodies. Furthermore, the reaction time when working up Solids can be shortened by dosed addition of water, thereby overturning the remaining metallic components have a catalytic effect.

In addition, by intensive grinding, preferably on known Beater and ball mills with or without subsequent mixing are preferred The reaction time can be shortened in screw presses or extruders.

The so prepared; let is placed in a thermally insulated anaerobic Ileaktionbeh-lter brought in and about two to 5 days with the appropriate temperature between 40 and 8000, but preferably between 55 and 6500 with lorxal pressure or increased pressure brought to reaction, with the higher boiling under anaerobic conditions Hydrocarbons are broken down microbially to form lower boiling points.

This medium is used for strengthening and / or fractionation known technologies, with up to approx. 75 - <0 phenols and flammable Gases are obtained.

Addendum to the process description phase 1 mechanical and / or biological thin sludge from the mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants can be used without the usual ½ thickening with centrifuges, presses or the like directly via one Organic soil made from phase 1 solid product or from returned material from this process is sprinkled where air is blown through the bio-soil from below, which is dosed in such a way that that the microbes brought in through the organic soil and those through the thin sludge introduced microbes find adequate living conditions (aerobic) that allow the Microbial growth described in phase 1 enables and rots to a large extent suppressed. For this purpose, it is necessary, depending on the nature of the sludge, that continuously or intermittently a rake (similar to a plow or harrow) the density that forms loosens the top layer to ensure even ventilation. The temperature control can, depending on the desired temperature, with or without a Air evacuation take place.

Claims (24)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e patent claims for phase 1 S proceedings for aerobic microbial treatment of fresh and / or digested sludge from sewage treatment plants and / or specially produced sludge with the aim of being suitable for incineration, Carbonization, coking, production of activated carbon, landfill and / or detoxification of hazardous waste, characterized in that acidic or alkaline sewage sludge (Dickschlan-n) with 15 to 50% solids content, without or after inoculation - with returned goods from these Process, preferably by mixing with known mixing devices, without or By adding alkalis (preferably calcium) a pH value above 7, preferably between 8 and 11 is set, in horizontal, vertical, inclined and / or Specially formed layers up to the height of the silo are introduced into the growth is (although adequate ventilation must be ensured), the or the growth spaces (reactors) designed so that through the closure of light, the Thermal insulation with or without heating at a temperature between 5 and 600C, preferably however between 25 and 3500 and a sufficient natural and / or artificial Ventilation with or without noxious gas removal and / or noxious gas neutralization, die-mass is subjected to a microbial conversion lasting 2 to 20 days, whereby due to the numerical excess weight and / or suitable temperature, exclusion of light and '' adequate ventilation optimal living conditions for the microbes that build the substance, preferably the chemotrophic microbes are created what the growth of these Microbes favor, 'which then among other things xineral and partly harmful gas-forming DTGs and basic substances in the body's own energy-rich Convert and store the substance, with which the odorous and harmful gas-forming substances can be largely consumed and neutralized, whereby the intensive special Microbial growth of substance degradation (mineralization) suppressed by rotting microbes and the microbial growth after reaching the desired value through intensive ventilation with or without heating (air heating) and or through drying is prevented with known drying devices. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the growth reactor (-Room) artificial lighting is available, which is no or only insignificant Photosynthesis enables. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the Temperature is kept constant at a value, or that at certain time intervals constant temperatures between 5 and 6000, but preferably between 25 and 3500 are held. 4. The method according to the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the artificial aeration and / or ventilation with known air conveying devices, preferably with fans and / or rotation blades from below, from the side or done from above. 5. The method according to the preceding Anspttichen 1 to 4, characterized in that that the ventilation through an odor and pollutant adsorbing and / or absorbing Filter is passed, preferably filter made of activated carbon, coke and / or turf iron with or without admixture of manganese dioxide with or without sprinkling with oxygen-containing FlriSFigkelten, preferably permanganate, with an oxidation of the pollutants and odorous substances takes place and the manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst, in which the flowing down below . Long-lasting solution that removes odors and pollutants, or it becomes known Facilities used to pass the filters thermal treatment, regenerate with or without kataDytincher 1 post-combustion. 6. The method according to the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that stackable growth containers in pallet or container shape, with or without Pre-processing of the pods and the walls, individually or stacked, in the growth room be placed on the floor and / or in suitable shelves or compartments with suitable speakers. 7. The method according to the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the growth containers are introduced into one or more rooms, the same or have different temperatures, with or without suitable partitions with which the units to be dried out intensively without prior relocation (transport) a correspondingly controllable ventilation device can be ventilated with or without air heating. 8. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Solid material in one or more correspondingly large chambers or silo rooms is introduced and the ventilation of the material is perverted by means of inserted Air lances take place, with blowers generating the pressure and the filling and emptying from above with known devices, such as conveyor belts, redlers, cranes nit suitable Shovel etc. takes place. 9. Proceedings according to Ausruch 8, which do not include any information e t that the inserted lances or other suitable bodies immediately or after If the material is removed again, it forms KällIlL for ventilation di @@ @. 10. The method according to claim 8 and 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that additionally or completely the ventilation from bottom to top, or u @ turned, takes place, preferably with perverted soil and / or aeration mushrooms. 11.Verfphren according to claim S, characterized in that the air lances by horizontally lying ventilation elements, with or without pre-processing can be replaced, whereby for the elements without perversion by a corresponding Shaping ventilation is enabled, preferably according to the one shown in Figure 1 Shown shapes, the elements can only be loosely inserted, or on the sides are supported, with which they divert the material pressure to the outside and thus prevent undesired material compression, the elements are on the side connected to the ventilation. 12. The method according to claim 8 to 11, characterized in that the light closure is taken over by the topmost = material layer and protects the underlying material from incidence of light. 13. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the solid material is filled in appropriate drums or tubs, which are connected to one another by an endless chain, the chain and / or the Drums or tubs are equipped with suitable rollers that run on raceways roll and thus continuously in the growth room over one or more floors or are transported discontinuously, the drums with or without rotation be transported around their own axis by choosing the appropriate rollers (preferably according to the designs shown in Figure 2). 14. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that thin sludge with a solids content of 2 to 10, b (weight-9'o) about a before introduced Layer (bio-soil) made of material from the 1st phase and / or return material from this or similar The method is sprinkled from above in the amount per m2 that the organic soil does not allow it to become boggy, but rather the controlled ventilation from below with it or heated air does not reduce the moisture content of this organic soil with a mud layer regulated so that those in the pre-introduced layer andßor those with the sewage sludge brought in microbes find sufficiently good living conditions and thus the high-percentage thick sludge layer on the organic soil in the grow through the desired shape, possibly continuously or intermittently rotating rake (plow or harrow) the layer that forms. loosens 15th Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the material layer of the Organic soil about 30 cm thick is introduced, the organic soil on a multiple up 50 or more height increases and the thin sludge with or without inoculation with Return material is trickled out. 16. The method according to claim 14 and 15, characterized in that several of these facilities are operated so during emptying and refilling of a bio-soil that can be operated or the others, or by switching on rest breaks, the microbe growth can be favorably influenced can. 17. The method characterized in that from claims 1 up to 16 recovered material is ground (torn) and / or on known devices is partially or completely dried and is thus incinerated or molded, preferably briquettes, eggs, granules etc. with or without subsequent drying is pressed, resulting in a largely dust-free handling and transport of the finished product guaranteed. Claims to phase 2 18. Method for 'further processing of the ilaterialsw obtained from claims 1 to 16 with or without one according to claim 17 made treatment for coking on known facilities to the usual Fractions and material suitable for the production of activated soles, or directly to activated carbon production. Claims to phase 3 19. Process for processing and detoxification from energy-rich waste to a substance capable of being broken down and / or fractionated, characterized in that the material obtained from claims 1 to 17 in usually up to 50 weight C, b 'pretreated or non-pretreated waste are intimately mixed and this mass under anaerobic conditions in an isolated Reaction tank at 40 to 80 ° O, but preferably between 55 and 6500 at normal and / or elevated pressure is reacted, being under anaerobic Conditions the higher-boiling hydrocarbons are microbial to low-boiling Hydrocarbons are split up. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that oils, Fats and / or other high-energy liquids or pastes before mixing be emulsified to the base mass with known devices. 21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the solids before admixture to the basic mass with known devices to 0 to 25 mm, preferably but is crushed to 0 to 5 mm (preferably on beater or ball mills) and that the grinding takes place with or without the addition of water. 22. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the mass dosed water is added. to 22 23. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that that the temperature and / or the pressure is kept constant at a value or but different values are adhered to in very specific time intervals. 24. The method according to claim 19 and 21, characterized in that the intimate mixing takes place with known mixing devices, but preferably with screw presses and extruders.