DE2639656A1 - Translucent constructional component - has stretched sheets vibrating on spring mountings between translucent panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The translucent constructional component is particularly for use as a window in a wall, ceiling, roof etc. and comprises two panels enclosing with their frames and sealing joints a cavity accommodating heat-and sound-insulating material. One or more sheets are stretched by elastic devices inside the cavity or the secondary cavities, so that they can vibrate by means of springs, rubber bands, or similar components. The sheets can be mounted in secondary cavities above and/or below the main one defined by the panels.

Description

Translucent building element, especially translucent wall

element, ceiling element, roof element is the subject of the present additional patent application is a translucent building element, in particular a translucent wall element, Ceiling element, roof element, e.g. B. in the form of windows or the like., Consisting of at least two, share a cavity together with the frame, seals and the like. enclosing translucent panes, panels or the like. In which sound and heat insulating means are arranged.

Despite all efforts, the ones with are still transparent today Windows, plates or the like provided light openings cause high heat losses in winter and also from annoying, annoying, excessive heat influences in summer, to which the constant traffic noise in the streets of the big cities is added adversely affect people's well-being.

It is known that partly for architectural reasons, partly from a need for more light, the proportion of translucent outer walls of Buildings, halls and halls, partly also from ceiling elements, compared to earlier construction methods has increased extraordinarily despite the disadvantages. This development has one Received a boost from the lightweight construction of high-rise buildings. By wall element, in particular The questions are about the formation of external walls that are mounted on building skeletons of thermal protection and acoustic insulation are given priority in the foreground moved. In order to eliminate the thermal disadvantages, it is particularly necessary in the In the warmer zones, the rooms have so far been air-conditioned and powerful cooling systems have been installed. This requires high expenditures, e.g. in the USA sometimes more than a quarter of the total construction costs. The cooling in summer requires about 10 to 15 times Costs compared to the corresponding heating costs in winter with the same number of calories. The lightweight construction naturally lacks the necessary mass for heat storage. Conversely, as a result of the excessive walls of light, that generated in winter flows inside Thermal energy in the form of infrared rays and as a result of the cooling of the panes the outside temperature is almost unhindered by heat conduction to the outside. Of the- Noise in the big cities penetrates through the enlarged light walls and windows even greater mass in the living and office rooms and makes any activity more difficult. The wide light strips place special demands on those that support the façades Components.

That means serious economic losses. It exists hence the urgent task without negating the advantages of lightweight construction new, especially combined solutions, these thermal and acoustic deficiencies to fix.

The applicant already has earlier applications for lightweight construction elements Solutions shown with which it is possible to create solid, opaque building elements to provide a high level of insulating properties thermally and acoustically. The purpose of this application is to provide further improvements to these older solutions to propose, especially in their application to translucent building elements. It is thus # possible to meet all requirements. For example, it can be used for translucent Ceilings are desirable, only diffuse light in a room despite direct exposure to the sun or in the case of vertical viewing windows, e.g. an absolute clear view at least # at an appropriate viewing height, despite the desired insulation keep. Depending on the situation, other solutions are provided, which are described below will.

For this purpose, the invention provides that at least in one cavity, the of translucent panes, panels or the like made of suitable translucent Material is limited, optionally consisting of translucent layers, in particular made of transparent, elastic plastic film or of translucent, elastic tensionable, flexible, thin plastic panels, preferably in a tensioned state to achieve predetermined, different natural frequencies, e.g. B. with in itself known metal coatings, e.g. B. transparent gold layers, one behind the other in a number required as required, at short intervals, e.g. B.

of about only 4 mm are to be arranged.

The transparent metal coating of such plastic films with very thin pads prevent heat rays from being reflected in the summer Entry into the inhabited rooms and vice versa in winter at the exit from the heated ones Clearing.

In the airtight and vapor-tight cavity between the z. B. elastically embedded panes there is preferably a pre-dried, poor heat conducting gas with negative pressure. Also substances that absorb water vapor can be introduced and the cavity with a dry air circulation device, and an evacuation device. Because the slides at small intervals are stretched by a few millimeters, e.g. by springs, is between their air or gas layer is dormant.

Are the foils transparent foam sheets in special cases? or the like.

assigned, this also prevents convection. As a poorly heat conducting gas, for. B. sulfur hexafluoride with negative pressure be brought in. The passage of sound also corresponds to the negative pressure reduced. Honeycomb panels made of e.g. transparent plastic can also be added to the foils also be arranged to vibrate elastically stretched. The cell width of the transparent Honeycombs should be provided as large as possible in order to reduce the number of points caused by the point-wise overlap the honeycomb walls resulting sound and thermal bridges to a minimum to reduce. If the possibly intermediate, z. B. Enclosed, transparent plastic foam sheets in the large honeycomb openings pressed, the cell walls are to be kept correspondingly higher so that an optimal free space remains for the heat and sound insulation. Even the transparent ones Honeycomb panels can have a very finely metallic, transparent coating. As far as it is are metals that are subject to oxidation or the transparent metal layer can be injured, are the surfaces of such coated foils and honeycomb panels and the like

with a protective layer of polyethylene of less than 0.1 mm too cover.

As far as appropriate, the foils, panels or the like. And the honeycombs to provide perforations. For increased reflection of sound and heat rays can under certain circumstances between the tensioned foils, as well as in other cavities transparent foils, which are reflective coated with transparent metals, be interposed in a slightly creased condition. They also prevent that Convection of the air or the gas.

It is advantageous to make the edge parts of the foils to be stretched linear to be reinforced, for example, to provide elastically resilient means on these edge parts attach. These reinforced edge parts transmit the tension of the springs or linearly Rubber bands or other tensioning devices evenly on the foil surfaces. The clamping devices can instead on reinforced corner parts of the foils, panels or to be stretched Like. Be provided in an approximately diagonal direction, for. B. omitting more Clamping device.

The reinforced edge parts are to enable the linear formation of the vibrations not rigidly connected to each other at the corners, they consist z. B. from individual, separate clamping bars.

To dampen the sound, these oscillating clamping strips can be fitted with transparent Clamping bodies, clamping strips or the like. Placed in places or along their entire length be (Sordino).

The foils can consist of partial areas with different properties exist which are coupled to each other by elastic means. To this coupling e.g. springs, rubber bands and the like are suitable are arranged in the direction of the surface of the planes of the foils, e.g. Means that are used in the reinforced, e.g. outwardly folded edge parts of the foils, pressing these outwards, intervene.

The leaf springs can be arched to the outside without contact the foils or panels bend. All clamping devices can be regulated with Tension, e.g. by means of tensioning screws.

Transparent, Tensioned panels, e.g. made of plastic or glass fibers or the like, diffuse the light refractive, be arranged. In the cells of transparent, e.g. stretched, honeycomb panels can be used for diffuse refraction of heat rays, as well as for heavy sound insulation Substances, e.g. small glass bodies, in particular glass beads or other pourable, transparent, e.g. B. be filled with granular crystalline material.

Such individual cell loads are irregular for reasons of isolation and in the case of successive honeycomb panels offset from one another in only one part to make the honeycomb.

For increased sound absorption and insulation, preferably in soft elastic tensioned honeycombs, z. B. Hartschaumfloclien be introduced. Tense Honeycomb panels form resonators whose vibrations are caused by foamed or introduced Fillers, e.g. closed-pore rigid foams, are dampened as a result of friction. Between every two transparent honeycomb panels, transparent, e.g. tensioned Sheets, panels or the like made of plastic and between these interposed transparent, be arranged preferably tensioned foam sheets.

By pressing transparent foam sheets into honeycomb openings the honeycombs are also stretched. So z. B. closed-cell foam panels the are sheathed with metallic transparent coated plastic foils, see-through Honeycomb panels with reflective coated surfaces elastically tensioned heat and form sound-insulating reflecting chambers. Also those that delimit the overall cavity Panes are to be flexibly embedded on all sides so that they can vibrate in order to avoid acoustic vibrations to off so r -be.

The cavity delimitation of the transparent component can at least be carried out on one side by double discs. The narrow one delimited by these The space between the panes can be ventilated and heated with dry gases. these can have a negative pressure The panes can be reflective, metallic, transparent be coated.

The panes facing the inhabited interior are on one Maintain temperature that is roughly equilibrium between that of the slices in the living space constantly radiating heat rays - compared to those from this on it impinging heat rays. As far as screw connection is required, these should not be screwed through thermal insulation layers. The screw connections are preferably made of insulating, transparent material, e.g. plastic, elastic and the screws can vibrate on all sides thanks to resilient seals, also to be embedded with elastic washers. Despite the multitude of means and the multitude of their combinations is always for their optimal insulating effect Basically an arrangement is to be provided with a minimum of heat and thermal bridges by z. B. intersecting, only point-wise elastic contact, e.g. of transparent ones Ribbed plates, consists and if possible all parts can oscillate elastically, if necessary with the assignment of such sound-absorbing means, are arranged. The the cavity The panes delimiting the living area should be roughly the same as the temperature of the living area and not possess that of the outside air. This is possible via a three-disc, preferably four-disc, in particular in the form of two double discs Glazing with at least one, as described above, equipped with insulating Cavity. This can be airtight and vapor-tight be divided, for what purpose for example, glasses made of plastic, e.g. B.

Acrylic glass, can serve. The windows facing the living room are preferred Thermal panes.

Also between the double panes of z. B. composite panes can transparent, e.g. B. reflective foils, membranes and the like. For sound and heat insulation be eager to be interposed. Those made of polyethylene terphthalate can be used as transparent films serve with low light absorption. Their heat-insulating effect is based on the Reflection on their transparent metal coating. As filling gas in the cavities can also use dry di-fluoromonochloromethane, which has a high thermal insulation value, preferably be introduced with negative pressure.

The intermediate layers between honeycomb panels and stretched foils and panels are more resilient to hold, the more they absorb low frequencies should.

The sound-absorbing and infrared rays reflecting, transparent panes, foils, panels, foam panels, honeycomb panels and the like. Can can optionally be arranged in such a way that they reduce the visible light only to the extent that as this is desired.

Above, we spoke of a cavity. This can with its upper and lower part, as well as lateral parts by the mentioned perforated cover plates. These subdivisions stand under each other uniform in connection. The perforated cover plates can be omitted entirely, if z. B. the disks delimiting the cavity are focusing screens.

All objects used for the arrangement and actuation of the isolating means and the insulation itself can only be used in the concealed parts of the room be arranged. The sound vibrations penetrate the optimally perforated Cover plates and are absorbed in them by the insulating means. This arrangement in through Adjoining rooms formed by the cover plates is particularly useful when the translucent building elements, e.g. light strips, windows, a clear view to the outside should enable.

Subsequent combinations of the arrangement of the foils can also be used according to denig. 1 and 2 may be provided. Are transparencies through the field of vision or transparent panels stretched out without metal coating, so there is a reduction of the passing light. The devices and arrangements described enable it, optionally according to the respective requirements, depending on whether it is e.g. tropical areas or northern areas, as well as, depending on these existing seasons and fluctuating daily requirements, the most favorable in each case Make combinations. For this purpose, the foils or panels can e.g. on transparent Plastic ropes, cords or the like via roller guides as well as electric motors actuated accordingly with associated switching devices and gears and into the Light field can be moved. If instead of flexible foils transparent boards, plates come to use, this requires their optional shift z. B.

by means of the aforementioned ropes from concealed adjoining rooms, e.g. B. lateral cavities, preferably on lubricants or supporting roles in the light field of the cavity.

The convertible design of such translucent components in the manner indicated is economical despite its versatility. This as they the most favorable working conditions both in terms of temperature design, as well as the noise abolition can produce and also extraordinary heating costs Saving in winter and cooling costs in summer.

In addition, it should be noted that sound vibrations in the vicinity of the frequency the natural oscillation of the tensioned foils recorded with a large oscillation amplitude and thus energy is withdrawn accordingly from the sound field. By the arrangement a number staggered one behind the other, with predetermined different ones Frequencies vibrating foils, the entire frequency spectrum can be recorded.

Two exemplary embodiments are shown in drawings below and described in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross section through the upper and lower Part of a double window 5. The insulating means are in the upper part of the cavity arranged and can optionally be moved into the field of view and on fastening means be arranged in the lower part of the cavity.

Fig. 2 shows the same double window, but with above and below and to the side of the field of view of the cavity, immovably tensioned insulating means.

Fig. 1 shows in vertical section the upper and lower parts of a Double window. In the outer frame 1 is a double pane 2a, 2b (thermal glass) used. The inner cavity H1 is used to form an insulating cavity Frame 3 with its double pane 4a, 4b from the outer frame 1 in a corresponding one arranged at a large distance, this insulating cavity formed in this way is H1, H2, H3 overall air- and vapor-tight by means of suitable seals 12, 15, among other things.

The upper and lower parts H2, H3 of this insulating cavity 111, H2, H3 are covered with plates la, lb, with slots. They are used for recording the isolating means and the means for their arrangement and actuation.

Thus, Fig. 1 shows schematically in the upper part offset from one another arranged tensioned spring rollers 5, on which transparent films, in particular Transparent films 6 made of plastic are arranged so that they are at certain intervals to each other, against the roller tension can be rolled down and in the lower Part of the insulating cavity H1 on spring hooks 9 provided there by springs 8, through perforations in the lower cover plate 1b from the cavity part 113 protrude above, carry the corresponding perforations with their edge strips 7J, hung can be. A film 6 is pulled from the spring roll 5 yon from top to bottom and hooked into these elastically resilient hooks 8, 9, they have a predetermined one Voltage with which they self-oscillate within a predetermined sound frequency range able to absorb. For example, also "humming tones" with lower frequencies, which can otherwise only be insulated by heavy, thick masonry, by means of appropriate slightly tensioned foils 6 of suitable material thickness are absorbed.

The pulled down foils Ó can also be stretched horizontally, including the vertical legs of the window frame 1 in the cavity part 111 accordingly designed and for this purpose elastic resilient means laterally in the concealed perpendicular Hohraumteil (see Fig. Z, Hq) can be arranged.

These vertical window frame legs can be designed so that the foils at an optional height laterally with their strips 7 on hidden behind the frame legs provided tensioning and locking means attached elastically resilient can be (not shown). For this purpose, the spring rollers 5 can have such tensions have that the tension of the foils 6 does not change or changes only insignificantly, despite the different height to which they are optionally pulled down. Furthermore, the foils can be divided into sub-areas provided with different properties be divided, which can be resiliently coupled to one another. These Partial surfaces can have different natural frequencies, which means that if there is a wave crest with wave trough overlap with corresponding sound waves, the vibrations (against pick up side.

The successive slides are in their tension and subdivision coordinated in such a way that they represent a maximum of the spectral range to be recorded can absorb. Transparent means, e.g. Foam panels, be arranged, which by friction converts the vibrations into heat convert.

Another function of these foils is thermal insulation. The crystal-clear foils with wafer-thin but transparent metal coatings can be used for this purpose be provided. These metal coatings reflect the long-wave heat rays the invisible infrared range. By a plurality of one behind the other arranged, Metallic coated foils can increase the reflective effect at will are pulled down from their spring rolls 5 by pulling as many reflective foils as possible as the current lighting conditions require.

So that the sound insulation as a result of a small number of pulled down Reflective foils 6 is not reduced, transparent, non-reflective end foils with certain natural vibrations as described above, clamped between them will.

The individual foils 6 are designed so that optionally approximately in An uncoated field of vision can remain at eye level. Every single slide can according to the desired combination with other foils with transparent surfaces or reflecting surfaces designed differently in sections and with different ones Be provided with tension. It can meet all thermal and acoustic requirements Isolation to be met. If in winter the outer panes 2a, 2b through the cold outside air can have the same low temperature as this through the foils 6 tensioned in the insulating cavity, the air becomes dormant, insulating Be divided into layers. The inner disks 4a, 4b are then insulated in such a way that they have about the same temperature as the air in the living room. The well-being man is dependent on the balance that emanates from his body Heat rays to the heat rays that hit it. It can go to the living room facing panes 4a, 4b be designed as reflective thermal panes and the heat rays coming from the living space partially reflect back into it.

In particular on the inside 4b of the double pane 4a, 4b can be used for A flat, crystal-clear body, e.g. made of plastic, with it in the direction of the insulating cavity Filled water can be arranged detachably. One body wall can e.g. be formed from a flexible, crystal-clear plastic film and close to the Disc 4b and the other wall made of e.g. a plastic plate or glass be educated. Known adhesives or fastening means can be used for the arrangement be provided on the frame 3 and / or the disc 4b. The warmed up in winter Outwardly directed heat rays are held back by this layer of water and heats the water. For this purpose, at least the cavity part H1 lying wall of the water container be coated with a transparent metallic coating and / or as required between the disks 2b and 4b optionally interchangeable, accordingly reflective foils 6 coated with a strong metallic transparency and with permanent tension be pulled down.

This means that any desired degree of blocking against the escape of heat rays can be achieved can be achieved from the inside out. By type and number as well as voltage different foils 6 which can optionally be interposed on partial sections different properties and by the arrangement of a water interlayer it is possible at any time of the day and any season of the year Climatic zone, an optimum of thermal and acoustic insulation both from the outside inwards, and vice versa, from the inside to the outside.

The spring rollers 5 can be attached to tension springs 10 of different strengths are attached to the ceiling lc of the cavity H2, be suspended. Grab it the springs 10 with corresponding wire brackets 10a around the axes 5a of the spring rollers 5, so that they are resiliently held by the brackets. The axes of the spring rollers 5 are for guidance in vertical slots 11 of two guide plates arranged on both sides 22 arranged to swing up and down.

The springs 8 with hooks 9 for hanging the tension on their Lower edge parts 7 pulled down foils 6, as well as those on the vertical frame legs resilient means to be arranged can be used to accommodate lateral tensioning and locking means, z. B. hook or the like., The tensioned at an optional height pull down foils 6 be designed accordingly.

The invention provides a further variant in the lower cavity part H3 under the cover plate lb rollers, e.g. with spring tension, as described for the upper part, to be arranged (not shown).

These pulleys have pulleys or the like. On which ropes are wound up; With these ropes it is possible to remove the tensioned foil, the one appropriately larger length than the height of the translucent wall corresponds, optionally more or less from the upper spring roller to the lower one To rewind a spring roller, which can have an opposite spring tension. For example, the film length is 3 times the Height of the light wall, For example, the first third of this film can be crystal clear and uncoated. That The second third can be divided into several sub-areas, of which z. B. the middle area has a crystal clear field of vision without coating, while the above and below sub-surfaces are coated reflectively. To it then the last third of the film can be coated with a reflective coating, where e.g.

the layer thickness is greater towards the upper and lower part of the film can be increased than in the middle part to outside the field of view heat rays to reflect.

Such different designs of the overall film are arbitrary can be combined with the preceding and following, also optionally different foils formed as a whole and on partial sections.

The actuation of the individual foils can be done via pulleys, e.g. B. by means of ropes led into the living area in airtight and vapor-tight manner, or by electric motors take place via controllable transmission.

The double discs 2a, 2b and 4a, 4b are at their inner edge parts elastic to each other by an airtight and vapor-tight, elastic circumferential spacer 12 and arranged in an outer U-shaped, surrounding the edge parts and at the same time Sealing 5 »highly elastic 5 profile 14 embedded so that it can vibrate.

The heat can be poor between the double panes 2a, 2b and 4a, 4b conductive dry gases, e.g. B sulfur hexafluoride, preferably introduced with negative pressure his or other, the insulation serving, translucent means interposed be. The frames 1 and 3 are elastic and at the same time airtight and vapor-tight, z. B. embedded in a vibratory manner via seals 15 and enclose the cavity H1, H2, H3 as well.

The cavities H1, H2, 113 can also with a drying gas, in particular a gas that does not conduct heat well, preferably filled with negative pressure. For this purpose pipes 16, 17 with a valve 18 are provided, which to one Lead filter, as well as drying and evacuation device.

On the other hand, if the pressure should roughly match the atmospheric pressure If there is pressure, the pipe 16 can be airtight and vapor-tight via a valve 19 Bag 20 be connected, which increases the volume that occurs when heated absorbs the gas. This can e.g. B. provided in a suspended ceiling 21 be. The air or the gas in the cavity 111, H2, H3 can also circulate through upper and lower end pipes 23 from a circulation pump via e.g. an electric one Be guided heating device and thus have a predetermined temperature and grant the cavity. The same can also be done for the spaces between the double panes 2a, 2b - 4a, 4b are done via air inlet and outlet pipes 24 and valves. In addition can also produce filter, drying and evacuation devices a negative pressure with valves.

The vibrations are recorded for sound insulation vibratory means, e.g. B. by those with different natural frequencies stretched foils 6. It is advantageous to have additional means of transforming the Provide vibrations in molecular heat motion. These are z. B. transparent, Plastic foams that are as transparent as possible, preferably with closed pores, in the tensioned state, which are arranged between the foils. It can e.g. B. crystal clear creased foils can also be inserted in between, e.g. B. with reflective, translucent, fine metal layers.

Another possibility is the subdivision already presented of the tensioned foils in sub-areas with such that are elastically coupled to one another Frequency differences that due to the coupling wave crest and wave valley overlap and quench the vibration.

Another option is to share the edge parts with each other to provide separate strips at the corners and means of clamping on these strips, similar to this by putting a ~ Sordino "on the bridge one String instrument takes place to dampen the sound vibrations.

Should a negative pressure or a vacuum, e.g. B. between the double panes are produced, so can be used to support z. B. transparent, preferably stretched Honeycomb panels with large cell widths are used.

Basically, not only foils, but also transparent ones Boards, plates, discs, e.g. with profiles, elastically oscillatable, e.g.

by tension to achieve predetermined natural frequencies, preferably in conjunction with other flexible tensioned means.

In the insulating cavity H1, one behind the other and next to one another on all sides Vapor-tight sealed and preferably crystal clear, flat, box-shaped hollow bodies be arranged in which transparent insulating means under particularly advantageous Isolation conditions, e.g. negative pressure or vacuum, are included.

Due to the arbitrary arrangement and interchangeability of such different types Insulating bodies in optimal succession can meet all insulation requirements accordingly the seasons and the climatic zones are met.

An embodiment of such a box-like to be introduced Hollow body consists of one between the two transparent box surfaces or several crystal-clear ribbed plates with statically sufficient, if possible spaced apart, e.g. to equip vertical and horizontal intersecting ribs, whereby the linear contacts of the ribs with the outer surfaces of the box also Point-to-point contact can be reduced by insulating, transparent, for example trapezoidal, transparent plastic bodies, e.g. B. slidable on the ribs be placed and thus at an optional static-related distance from each other instead of the linear rib contact enable only point-wise contact and in the case of a negative pressure or vacuum inside the hollow body, the required Provide support against the external pressure.

In a further embodiment relating to these exchangeable, flat, box-like hollow bodies, e.g. crystal-clear honeycomb panels in one or multiple successions, in the latter case with flat, crystal-clear intermediate layers placed in the hollow body and this evacuated or completely filled with water.

As a precautionary measure, you can take up the, albeit only slightly Warmth of expanding water, this e.g. on a part of the edge of small flexible, concealed plastic hollow body are added. The box-shaped hollow body are dimensioned so that no air gaps remain in the double window.

They are preferably airtight and vapor-tight on all sides the upstream or downstream elements that are introduced in the cavity H1, sealed.

The box-shaped hollow body, for. B. with electrical Resistances can be heated or tempered with heated air. In addition, as well as for Evacuation (e.g. negative pressure) can have appropriate connections, e.g. to an air conditioning system be provided.

The double pane Zli # a, 2b, as well as 4a, 4b can also be used with air, the can flow in and out, e.g. via tubes that run through the elastic edge inserts 1Z are guided, heated in winter and cooled in summer.

The double pane 4a, 4b can also be used for temperature control with water flowed through or filled and possibly heated by an electrical resistor or cooled by an air conditioning system.

In addition to the flat, box-shaped hollow body with honeycomb inlays notes that on both sides of a honeycomb e.g. transparent, closed-cell foam panels, on all sides encased in crystal-clear plastic films, which are metallically reflective if necessary are coated, provided and pressed into the honeycomb with tension could be.

The closed-cell foam sheets can be used in the course of their production with z. B. fine, high-gloss aluminum powder or very finely divided aluminum foils are mixed to a predetermined extent before or during their foam formation, so that they cause a corresponding degree of reflection in the layer depth. Even can be optimally perforated to facilitate absorption of the sound vibrations at partial depth, at least from the sound side, into the closed-pore panels be provided.

The cavity H2, H3, H4 is also to be air-conditioned with connection means, z. B. pipe openings 24, provided that the connection to appropriate devices, i.a. also to an evacuation device for producing a predetermined negative pressure enable.

Fig. 2 also shows a window as a component with the window according to Fig; 1, as far as the reference numbers match, is identical. The essential one The difference consists in the preferably outside of the disc or. Incidence of light concealed arrangement of the vibratable membranes 31, which with different Voltage and predetermined frequencies for absorption, in particular those sound vibrations, those for the respective sound area (e.g. airport) in which the component is arranged, primarily come into consideration. Because the membranes are not just the same Sound vibrations. which correspond to their frequency are able to absorb, but rather also sound vibrations that have a multiple ratio to half the wavelength its fundamental frequency, it is advantageous to use the membranes with the appropriate the lowest frequencies to be provided.

The membranes are arranged in cavities H2, H3, H4, the circumferential above, to the side and below the pane or light incidence area are intended for this. By covering means 32 is the view of the arranged therein Membranes 31 covered. These covering means are preferably made in a composite manner made of sound-insulating material plate-shaped and z. B. trained tense or arranged. So you can z. B.

clamped by clamping devices inserted in them or with their edges be attached to window parts. To make it possible for the sound vibrations to move in to penetrate the covered circumferential cavities H2, H3, H4 to the membranes 31, the cover plates 32a, 32b, 32c are optimally provided with perforations 33. These can be designed to widen conically to the outside to absorb as much sound as possible record, however, the re-exit of the sound from the covered cavities to complicate. The underside of these cover plates 32 is covered with sound-insulating, z. B. porous, fabrics 34 leaving the perforated sites 33 and a z. B. sufficiently Großmas chigen, 5 challdurchläs 5 igen dust filter cloth 35 coated. They take part in the sound vibrations reflected on the tensioned membranes 31 absorbent, partly reflective. You can also use more excited Form be provided vibratable and absorb certain frequencies. In the same All the walls, floors and ceilings of this concealed, encircling way can all around Cavities H2, H3, H4 be equipped. As long as there is thermal insulation at the same time should, can for these layers. B. metallized plastic fabric or optimal perforated plastic layers 36 may be arranged.

The membranes 31 are preferably one behind the other parallel to the Disc surfaces tensioned. This tension can be in any suitable manner, in particular by springs 31a, elastics z. B. with regulating clamping screws or accordingly arranged weights, preferably acting on all sides of the membranes 31 take place. For this purpose, for example, their edge parts are correspondingly individual folded over or otherwise swingable individually reinforced to avoid injuries the membrane 31 to prevent. The membranes 31 can be made of any suitable, be made in particular elastically tensionable material, for. B. from elastic Plastic foils or made of metal foils, suitable elastic metal alloys or from organic materials (e.g. skins) or from combined in a composite manner Fabrics. The material thickness depends on the predetermined frequency to be provided. Elastic composites can be used in particular for low frequencies can be used. The membranes can also in itself by z. B. across and lengthways their surfaces in inwardly folded edge folds engaging z. B. two-part, be able to absorb sound vibrations by means of springs tensioned strips.

or disks instead of the shell-parallel arrangement of the building If appropriate, membranes can be provided in other directions or z. B.

are conical, so that the incident sound beams with a hit a certain angle of incidence and, if they are not absorbed, with be reflected at a corresponding angle of reflection. The membranes come in each case elastic bands corresponding to the three-dimensional shape Hz, H3, H4 are taken into account. The membranes 31 can be in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction be divided, where each sub-section can absorb a predetermined frequency and the sub-sections can be coupled with each other.

Due to the different band training z. B. on sections, in particular due to different band strengths and lengths and widths as well Frequency combinations by coupling can provide comprehensive isolation of the overall sound be effected.

About those sound vibrations that are reflected because they are not are in accordance with the respective frequency of the membrane concerned, it to make it possible to penetrate to the corresponding resonance diaphragms in order to get from To be absorbed by these, perforations can be provided in the membranes. The springs 31a would be arranged directly on the fixed parts of the component then part of the vibrating energy would be transferred to it. Around To prevent this, the clamping means are preferably arranged elastically on erbundplatten, z. B.

5 swingable consisting of two plates, made of plastic material or Sheet metal, between which a highly elastic layer z. B. made of rubber in sandwich form or between e lemmt.

is glued in between (not shown. The one cover plate is connected to the clamping means 31 a of the membranes 31 and the other cover plate with the adjacent parts of the component or window z. B. by sticking. If these concealed cavities H2, H3, H4, at the same time supporting or load-bearing To fulfill functions, the cover plates can, for. B. wavy and the waves in a crossing position on both sides of the appropriately shaped or by gluing and press themselves in between with internal stresses çgf. load-bearing matching intermediate layer be designed as flexural / wall parts.

This can also be done transversely from cover plate to cover plate through the elastic Core tensioning screws, e.g. B. made of plastic, with elastic washers be provided on the outsides.

With reflective metallic surface coatings or as reflective metal foils as well as in composite z. B. with other non-metallic Intermediate materials or foils can be the membranes simultaneously serve to provide thermal insulation by reflecting the heat rays.

Tensioned metal foils are heat-insulating. This - because theirs Cohesive forces are aligned by the tension in the clamping plane. Through this At the same time, the molecules on the surfaces of the metal foils are compressed. The oscillating molecules are constrained, mainly in the plane of tension to exercise their swinging movements at increased speed on a shortened path. The speed of movement of the molecules increases with the square in which the Voltage is increased proportionally.

As a result, it is not possible for the vibrating metal molecules the energy of the long-wave relative to their short and high-frequency vibrations Record infrared vibrations. Accordingly, the reflection is increased Extent. This means that the thermal energy penetrates through the tensioned metal foils largely prevented.

Multiple staggering of the membranes one behind the other results in a almost complete thermal insulation.

The surrounding insulation spaces H2, H3, H4 on all sides and all introduced insulating materials with reflective surfaces, preferably made of metal, be coated. Rule in the cavities H1, H2, H3, H4 a negative pressure, then the propagation of sound vibrations correspondingly reduced. For this, reference is made to the older patent applications. Of course, the cavity H1 of the double window can be between the two double panes 2 and 4 and at the same time the concealed side rooms H2, H3, H4 connected to them as well be air-conditioned.

There, as already mentioned, the well-being of the people in the common rooms is less dependent on the temperature of the air than on the extent of the Walls radiated from infrared rays on the human body, it is necessary to to regulate the temperature of the inner panes and walls accordingly. You can do this the double panes 4a, 4b after the living room, as well. mentioned, z. B. be coated with a very fine, transparent gold coating that and The escape of heat rays is reduced. Furthermore, in particular the airtight cavity 4c between the panes 4a, 4b (and also 2c) by a adjustable, filtered, dust-free air flow at a predetermined, adjustable temperature be flowed through via openings 24, whereby the disc 4a evenly on the given temperature is maintained and thus the desired optimal infrared radiation in the living room.

This includes the necessary air-conditioning devices and associated To arrange pipe connections. Instead of a gas, a temperature-controlled one can also be used for the circulation Liquid, e.g. water, can be provided.

In roughly the same way, the solid, non-translucent ones can Room walls and ceilings be designed. Between the load-bearing wall parts and the Living space can form a narrow airtight gap with z. B. in places Intermediate glued spacers made of insulating material, e.g. made of wood or plastic or sheet metal or any other suitable material existing inner wall that by z. B. provided towards the gap elastic means, deadened, arranged be.

On the living room side, the fixed wall can be decorative in the usual way, z. B.

be or will be coated by sticking wallpaper. Which Opposite surfaces in the gap are highly reflective, e.g. through tensioned Metal foils or metal-coated plastics to reduce penetration of infrared rays and sound in both directions. These Films can in particular be closed airtight and vapor-tight on all sides, e.g. B. be flexible covers with inlets and outlets for the circulating air-conditioned Air (or liquid).

For the ceiling insulation and its air conditioning, inter alia. Additionally proceed in roughly the same way.

The metal coating also prevents moisture from penetrating the cavity wall surfaces and other parts inhibited.

For the rest, in order to avoid repetition, I refer to the above Description of FIG. 1 and the general statements in the introduction and to my earlier patent applications relating to component. Blank page

Claims (1)

-PATENT CLAIMS Translucent building element, especially translucent Wall element, ceiling element, roof element, e.g. B. in the form of windows or the like, bribing with at least two, a cavity together with frame parts, seals and the like. Enclosing transparent panes, panels or the like. In-which Sound and heat insulating means are arranged DÄDU RCH marked that at least one translucent film (6, 31), board or the like. elastically tensioned in the cavity (H1) and / or in its adjacent spaces- (H2, H3, 114) on tensioning devices, e.g. springs, rubber bands or the like, arranged so that they can vibrate 2. Translucent component according to claim 1, characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. In adjoining hollow spaces (H2, H3, H4) z. B. above and / or below and / or to the side of the main cavity delimited by the disks (111) are arranged. -3. Translucent component according to Claim 2, characterized in that marked that several translucent, oscillating stretched foils (6, 31), panels or the like. N intervals are arranged one behind the other, between them Enclosing static air or gas layers and different predetermined tensions and # have natural frequencies. Claims - page 2 lit: 1; permeable component 4. Translucent Component according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air or the gas is in an anhydrous, dry state, and to maintain the dry state tandes the necessary funds are allocated. 5. Translucent component according to claims 1 to 4 thereby characterized in that the film surfaces (6, 31), board surfaces or the like. B. by Intermediate elastic clamping means in partial areas with different properties are divided. 6. Translucent component according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the edge parts of the foils (6, 31), panels or the like. are reinforced. 7. Translucent component according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the edge parts of the films, panels or the like. by elastic means, e.g. B. glued rubber strips are reinforced. 8. Translucent component according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the clamping means on all sides tensioning Films, panels or the like. Are arranged. Claims page 3 Liclit-permeable component 9. Translucent Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the clamping means are directed approximately diagonally to the foil or board surface, over Corner are arranged on these. 10. Translucent component according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. Different Have thicknesses and / or sizes and / or of different elastic material exist. 11. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. In tensioned Are arranged movable state. 12. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the moving means are rollers (5), e.g. Spring rollers, which have an optionally predeterminable tension and which the foils, Issue boards or the like. 13. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the foils are wound onto the rolls (5) are and at the latest by rolling their predetermined tension from the spring roller obtain. Claims - page 4 Translucent component 14. Translucent Component according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that the translucent foils, boards or the like on transparent plastic ropes, wrapped over the reels into the field of view from a concealed arrangement, e.g. under the field of vision, under tension, can be moved. 15. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the roller is fitted with elastic tensioning means, e.g. is arranged suspended on tension springs (10) so as to be able to vibrate. 16. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the film, board or the like. In tensioned State can optionally be moved and locked in different viewing positions. 17. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the axes (5a) of the oscillating arranged Rollers (5) are guided in slots (11) of guide plates. 18. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. At their edge parts provided means, e.g. hooks (7), ropes in tensioned state on counter springs (8) can be releasably attached, e.g. hooked in. Claims - Page 5 Translucent building element 19. Translucent Component according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. As endless bands around two at a distance accordingly arranged rollers tensioned in opposite directions by tension springs (10) are led. 20. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the spring roll on which the film, Board or the like. Rolled up, a counter-spring roller is arranged on which Optional lengths of the film or the ropes moving the panels can be wound up can, with their roller springs tensioning in opposite directions and themselves, e.g. on a Tension spring or some other elastic tensioning means, as well as with their slot guide Axis is held elastically resilient in slots of associated guide plates. 21. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized by the fact that by the movement of the rollers of each desired section of the foils, panels or the like. Is brought at eye level. 22. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims -characterized in that the -individual foil or panel surfaces uncoated on sections and different on other sections have a highly reflective coating with fine, transparent metal coatings; Claims - Page 6 Translucent building element 23. Translucent building element according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that the films, panels or The like. And the roles belonging to them in the cavity of the double window above and below and, if necessary, to the side of this, preferably concealed ancillary rooms (H2, H3, H4) - are arranged. 24. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims, characterized in that in the H o h I r a u m filtered and tempered There is dry air or such a drying gas and means are provided, to maintain this state. 25. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the drying gas is a poorly conductive heat Gas is filled in the cavity, preferably with negative pressure. 26. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the cavity and all secondary spaces (H2, 113, H4) are airtight and vapor-tight. 27. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the cavity ~ 1) and the secondary spaces (112, H3, H4) can be evacuated and appropriate resources are assigned. Claims - page 7 Translucent component 28. Translucent Component according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that the cavity and the adjoining spaces and possibly also the delimiting panes are electrical are heatable. 29. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the foils, panels or the like. Preferably on their horizontal edge parts rods, strips or the like. Wear the lateral ends of ropes can be moved up and down in an optional position and while their tension remains unchanged. 30. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the lateral guide is covered and the Grip the rod ends through the slots. 31. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the movement of the foils, panels and the like. by an electric motor and associated means known per se. 32. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that translucent, box-like, preferably air-tight and vapor-tight, closed and evacuable insulating elements exchangeable, filling the cavity without convection, are arranged. - Claims - Page 8 Translucent component 33. Translucent Component according to claim 32, characterized in that in the translucent, box-like insulating elements support means, e.g. translucent honeycomb panels and / or corrugated sheets or the like. Translucent profiled sheets, e.g. B. off clear plastic, are arranged and the creation of a vacuum in the Allow insulating element. 34. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that in a part of the translucent cells The honeycomb panels use light-absorbing, reflective coated insulating material are filled in, e.g. translucent reflective glass spheres, grains, powder, which cause a diffuse light. 35. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the diameter of the transparent cells are so large that the surfaces of the adjacent cell walls bordered by the individual cell walls or translucent cover plates firmly connected to them, e.g. panes, capable of vibrating and absorb sound vibrations. 36. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the elastic tensioning means are regulating means have to regulate their tension. Claims - page 9 Translucent component 37. Translucent Component according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that to regulate spring tensions these on movable screw nuts, which on Screws # spindles are seen in front of # are fastened. 38. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the coatings of the films are covered by a translucent application of polyethylene varnish, for example 0.1 mm thick are protected from damage. 39. Translucent building element according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the disks delimiting the cavity are double disks and the air or gas in the space between the pair of panes is kept dry, tempered and at least partially evacuated to produce a negative pressure can be, for which appropriate known means are assigned. 40. Translucent component according to at least one of the others Claims thereby; characterized, the 5 the discs elastically oscillatable, z. B. are embedded in rubber on all sides in a tensioned state. 41. Translucent component according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the discs by elastic, preferably hidden means, e.g. B. are tensioned by strong springs and screws. Claims - page 10 Translucent component 42. Translucent Component according to at least one of the other claims, characterized in that Foil panels or the like clamping devices that are used in z. B. double-sided folds or the like. Engage their edge parts from the surface, in a predetermined tension are offset. 43. Translucent building element according to at least one of the others Claims characterized in that the tensioning means, e.g. flat springs, by Curvature of the foils Taflen or the like. touch at the edge folds. 44. Translucent building element according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that the airtight and vapor-tight secondary cavities (H2> H4), 114)> in which elastic means, in particular springs (8, 10, 31a), Membranes (6, 31) are provided, through optimally provided with perforations (33), perforated or slotted cover plates (la, lb, 32a, 32b) arranged invisibly are. 45. Translucent building element according to at least one of the other Claims characterized in that porous sound absorbing means (34a), e.g. Kuns tstoffs foam panels, felts and the like. In the secondary cavities, z. B. free Between the tensioned foils (31), panels or the like., Or z. B. to the walls (1, la, lb, lc, ld) of the secondary cavities (Hz, H3, H4) and to the underside of the cover plates (la, #lb, 32a, 32b, 32c) are preferably arranged with perforations, possibly also in tension Claims - page 11 Translucent component state and with e.g. perforated, highly reflective, especially tensioned Aluminum foils can be coated, with between these coatings and adjacent, preferably also coated element parts free air gaps are provided.