DE2636815A1 - EQUIPMENT FOR DESIGNING PRECAST CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE AND PRECAST STRESS CONCRETE ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Description

EQUIPMENT FOR DESIGNING CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE AND

PRESENTING CONCRETE PEIiTI GT

The present invention concerns a device for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete precast elements, containing a stationary formwork with at least one conically upwardly widened cavity that allows it to be easily excavated.

It is known that normal or prestressed precast concrete by excavation from stationary concrete formwork, for example Reinforced concrete formwork can be produced, which simultaneously serve as a concreting form and a tension bed.

It is also known that such formwork a demolding of the Allow prefabricated parts by simply digging them out, i.e. without prior Remove any obstructing formwork parts.

With these known devices, however, it is only possible, especially to produce shaped prefabricated parts, with hips that are necessarily tapered upwards, whereby, as a result of the lifting, a progressive detachment from the formwork occurs.

From this it follows that, in terms of structural strength, it is not possible to obtain more rational prefabricated parts, i.e. prefabricated parts with the highest cross-sectional efficiency, where the highest strength corresponds to the lowest concrete consumption.

These prefabricated parts generally have a double-T profile in other words, wide upper and lower flanges connected by a slimmer web, which is ideal for absorbing the bending forces suitable profile. It goes without saying, however, that this lower cross-sectional enlargement requires lifting out of a rigid formwork prevented.

The problem on which the present invention is based is the production, by simply excavating, of concrete, reinforced concrete and

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Prestressed concrete prefabricated parts with, on request, enlarged underneath or simply tapered ribs.

This problem is solved by the device according to the invention die, a stationary formwork with at least one conical upwards containing enlarged hollow space, characterized in that that this shaping cavity contains at least one template, which on the one hand rests against the cavity walls, and on the other hand the limited to the production of the precast concrete introduced, and that, after the installation of the concrete, this both from the formwork as The template that can be separated from the finished part continues to be used for the following Shapes is usable.

According to a further characteristic of the invention, this template lies on a side wall of the shaping cavity of the stationary one Formwork on, from which it extends again near the bottom of the cavity to form a prefabricated part with an enlarged rib on the underside peeled off, this template, after the simultaneous removal with the prefabricated part from the formwork, separated from this and can be used again for further shaping.

For shaping prefabricated parts without enlarging the lower side the template according to a further feature of the invention is in a box-shaped design on the bottom of the molding cavity placed on the stationary formwork, with specially provided Means in this box-shaped template, a negative pressure is generated, which the template when excavating the prefabricated parts on the bottom of the formwork holds on.

The attached images show some selected but not Exclusive examples of the invention:

Fig.l: Sectional view of a device for the production of beams with symmetrical cross-section;

Fig.2: Similar sectional view as Fig.l, but enlarged

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Scale for better accentuation of details;

Fig.3: Partial cross-section of a device for the production of beams with asymmetrical cross-section;

Fig.4: Sectional view of a device for the production of two-beam panels;

Fig. 5ϊ Stencil joint, seen from the one opposite the installation Page;

Fig.6: Detail of Fig.5 on an enlarged scale; Fig.7: Section VII-VII Fig. 6

Fig.8: Bottom view of one for holding and removing the stencils arranged peeling;

Fig.9: Longitudinal section of Fig. 3;

Fig. 10 .-- Cross section XJ. FIG. 9;

Fig.11: Detail Fig.10 on an enlarged scale; Fig. 12-13-14: Details in enlarged: .- Outer scale of Fig. 8 and 9;

Fig. 15: Corresponding longitudinal line of Fig. 9 for a possible one Variant i.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 (l) denotes a stationary reinforced concrete formwork, without moving parts, with at least one conical after at the top enlarged cavity (2). The case shown in Figs. 1 and 2 concerns the production of double-T-beams with symmetrical cross-sections. In this case there are two identical ones in the cavity (2) SchabHmen (introduced in mirror image to the plane of symmetry.

A similar arrangement of the template (3) is also found in both of them Cavities (2) of the formwork shown in Fig. 4. Each template consists of a template intended for contact with the finished part (5) cylindrical wall, preferably made of fiberglass

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(4), as well as from the rear to this glued plastic padding (6) made of e.g. foamed polystyrene, polyurethane etc. -

This padding (6) is in contact with the formwork or are, according to a variant, in turn glued to foils (7) according to known material as contact with the formwork, wherein these foils with the countless repetitions of the shaping form a tear-proof coat.

While the wall (4) has a cylindrical profile with generatrices running parallel to the rib surfaces, the Padding (6) made of a number of plastic blocks glued to the wall (4) or pressed into it with suitable adhesives constant cross-section.

The templates (3) are attached in mirror image on both sides of the plane of symmetry (8) of the ribs and thus form on the side walls enclosed, cave spaces (2).

In the case shown in Fig. 4, a pre-fabricated part is obtained of two bars (5), with ribs enlarged on the underside, and the upper one Connecting plate (9).

It is also possible to change the dimensions of the prefabricated parts without changing them the stationary formwork by simply replacing the templates (3). The dimensions can also be achieved by installing or Elimination of useful ^ continuous spacers (not shown) can be changed on the bottom of the cavity (2).

For the production of asymmetrical bars (Fig.3) only one, to one Side wall of the cavity (2) adjacent template <3) inserted, while on the opposite one of the wall (4) similar wall (4a) is applied. In this way it is possible to make bars (5a) asymmetrical To obtain cross-section.

The sealing of the rivers against each other, or lying next to each other

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Stencils are secured with suitable adhesive strips (10), whereby the walls (4) (Fig.2) or (4) and (4a) are mutually connected. These adhesive strips (10) ensure the flexibility along the connection-generating templates between one another and consequently, considering the ¹ acute-angled end (11) (cb. 2 and 3) of the walls (4) and (4a), the "possibility of mutual rotation when excavating from the formwork.

More adhesive strips (10a) (Fig.2 and 4) can be used for sealing the connection between the walls (4) and the cavity walls of the formwork are attached.

For the mutual connection of different, lined up in a longitudinal direction Stencils are also used for the purpose of increased efficiency the use of the connections shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 attached which, when moving the templates, secure a firm cohesion, and thus avoid re-attaching the sealing adhesive strips before each production.

These connections must be loosened if you want to change the profile by leaving out a few templates, or if this to be disassembled for more convenient transportation or storage after production is complete at most must be made possible for every need.

For this purpose, groups are prepared (12) (Fig. 5, 6 and 7) each of a pair of identical cylindrical members (13) C-like The plastic is preferably symmetrical in shape Fixed to the edge of the walls (4) of the templates (3), u. glued on the side not in contact with the concrete will. In Fig. 7 (14) represents the adhesive that holds the links (13) with the walls (4) united. For the connection, the links (13) are precisely positioned to allow the bolt-like insertion

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to allow further rigid, C-shaped connecting elements (15) which, one per pair of links (13), form a half keyway.

To facilitate coupling and uncoupling, the links (15) slightly longer than the links (13).

The figures from 8 to 14 show a design device, which enables the prefabricated parts to be lifted out of the stationary formwork without taking the templates with you.

This device is suitable for shaping prefabricated parts without Ribs enlarged on the underside, in particular for the execution of a plurality of conically widened upwards, through an upper plate (16a) ^ connected ribs (16).

The templates marked (17) are box-shaped and, like the templates (3) described at the beginning, consist of a wall (l7a) (Fig. 11) which, on the one hand, for contact with the finished part, and on the other hand with the padding (17a) is determined.

These templates (17) are made from the same materials as the templates (3) manufactured.

The templates (17) are placed in stationary, horizontal panel formwork (18), preferably made of reinforced concrete, e.g. built in with hinged walls (19) and fixed walls (19a) (Fig.9) for placing the concrete (Fig.ll), the formwork on corresponding supports (20) above the floor (21) rests (Fig.9).

In this case, too, it is possible to use one and the same stationary Formwork by changing the dimensions of the templates (17) and, if necessary, the height and distances between the hinged walls (19) to obtain a wide variety of prefabricated parts.

The box-shaped templates (17) are simply placed on the formwork (18) and temporarily held by a pneumatic system. For sealing between the template (17) and the template

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Adhesive strips (10b) (Fig.ll) are attached to the lungs.

This pneumatic system looks below the support of the box-shaped Templates (17) numerous pipe sections (22) embedded vertically in the formwork (18). Lines (23) and connections (24) (25) and (26) connect the pipe sections (22) to a vacuum generator (27), the negative pressure being monitored by a manometer (28).

The adhesion of the templates (17) to the formwork (18) can be over the vacuum system can be regulated as required. This system produces two different effects, both of which contribute to useful utilization.

This initially results in a slight reduction in elastic volume the templates (17), whereby the peeling of the concrete is favored, while on the other hand between the templates and the Formwork forms a counterforce that is equal to the product of the mutual contact area per generated negative pressure. That power achieved easily a sufficient size to ensure the desired adhesive effect. The internal negative pressure does not generate any in the stencils irreversible deformations, as their light padding offers sufficient resistance.

Note that, to create a vacuum, under each stencil (17) at least one pipe section (22) must be located. It is therefore advisable to initially position the suction tubes (22) in this way plan that every template provided on the formwork (18) for changing the prefabricated parts is always in the right conditions. This results in an excess of these bores (22) as well as the possibility that one of them is not under the templates (17) but under a prefabricated part or between two adjacent ones Finished parts; comes to rest (Fig. 9)

In this case, the corresponding passages from the vacuum

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system will also be disconnected to avoid that, in case you under the prefabricated part to be introduced when installing the Concrete become clogged.

For this purpose one uses the stopper (29) (Fig.9) with which the unused passages (22) are hermetically sealed. The pneumatic system described above is used for excavation the prefabricated parts are tempered, with these becoming detached from the templates (17) held on the formwork (18). The pneumatic one The system can of course be implemented in any desired way.

In the variant shown in Fig. 15 one has ζ, B. one of the description Similar arrangement (see Fig. 9) with the difference that, instead of the pipes connected to the lines (23) :. (22) simple Openings are provided (22a) which, at every moment in the Formwork base (18) can be drilled and open into the longitudinal channels (30). For each longitudinal row of holes (22a) is a channel (30) provided the, airtight under the formwork (13) running in a The collecting channel (31) opens, in turn, via the line (32) is connected to the vacuum generator (27). Monitoring the The negative pressure is achieved by means of a manometer (33) provided on the line (30).

Al

L e r s e i t e

Claims (10)

Set-up ring for the design of precast concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete parts, Containing a stationary formwork with at least one conical upwardly widened shaping cavity, which is the excavation of the finished parts upwards, characterized in that this shaping cavity (2) has at least one template (3, 17) contains which, on the one hand, rests against the wall of the cavity (2) and, on the other hand, the introduced concrete of the prefabricated part (5, 5a, 9 709813/0265 16, 16a), and that this template (3, 17) after Pour the concrete from both the formwork (l, 18) and the precast part (5, 5a, 9, 16, 16a) for re-use in further precast designs can be separated. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the template (3) on a side wall of the Fonngebungs cavity (2) of the stationary formwork (l) and is close to the floor of the cavity (2) detached from this side wall to form a prefabricated part (5, 5a, 9) with an enlarged rib on the underside, and that this, With the prefabricated part (5, 5a, 9) from the formwork (1), template (3) can be lifted from the prefabricated part for further use in shaping is separated. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the template (17) on the bottom of the shaping cavity of the stationary Formwork (18) rests and box-shaped training for the shaping of prefabricated parts (16, 16a) with widened conical upwards Has ribs, with means (22, 22a, 23, 27, 3a, 31, 32) for negative pressure Generation within the formwork (18), which holds the template (17) on the formwork base (18) when the prefabricated parts (16, 16a) are lifted out. 4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the template (3, 17) consists of a cylindrical wall (4, 4a, 17a) made of impact-resistant material as a contact layer with the concrete the prefabricated part (5, 5a, 9, 16, 16a) and a padding (6, 17b) between the wall (4, 17a) and the formwork (1, 18). 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that between this padding (6, 17b) and the formwork (1, 18) at least one film (7) of wear-resistant material is against as protection the abrasion that occurs during ongoing production. 6. Device according to the speeches from 1 to 5, characterized thereby 709813/0205 net that they have adhesive strips (10, 10a, 10b) for sealing the molding space (^, 5a, 9 »16, 16a) contains these adhesive strips (10, 10a, 10b) along the support of the template (3, 17) on the formwork (1, 18) and along the connecting line next to one another or Adjacent templates (3, 17) are glued on. 7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the wall (4, 4a) of the template (3) as a sharp angle (11) ends and such, together with the adhesive strips (10) articulated connections for juxtaposed stencils (3). 8. Device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that they have removable rigid connections (12) for uniting the template (3) with other templates lined up in a row contains, each of these connections (12) consists of a pair of links (13) C-like shape, which at the edges of the to be united Templates (3) is attached, as well as from a connecting link (15) of the same C-like shape that, inserted ready-to-bolt, cooperates with the pair of links (13). 9. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the stationary formwork (18) over numerous vertical pipe sections (22, 22a) and numerous lines (23, 30, 31, 32) are connected to a vacuum generator. 10. Device according to claims 1 to 9 according to the explanations and explanations of the text. 709813/0285