DE2636362A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PNEUMATICALLY SEPARATING LIGHTER PARTS FROM A FLOW OF PARTICULAR CONTAINING HEAVY PARTS - Google Patents

Description

5068

Γ "PATENT LAWYERS ~ Ί

DR.-ING. R- DÖRING * DIPL.-PHYS. DR. J. FRICKE

BRAUNSCHWEIG MUNICH

The Continental Group, Inc. 633 Third Avenue, New York, 17, USA

"Method and device for separation by pneumatic means of lighter parts from one containing heavier parts

Particle flow "

The invention "relates to a method and a device for secreting pneumatically from lighter parts from a particle stream containing heavier parts.

In particular, the invention relates to the separation of paper, Rags or similar materials with tied pile threads from a pile of shredded waste consisting primarily of cans or other relatively dense materials.

A magnetic separation of shredded rubbish is the last Aroused great interest in the time, for the purpose of. simultaneous recovery of raw materials and on the other hand to Reduction of the waste deposit or disposal problem. However, it has been found to be disadvantageous that magnetizable Material separated in this way, usually by small but significant amounts of paper, rags

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or similar materials are contaminated, which are in the Metal particles get caught or stick to them. This is mainly due to the fact that the crushed material is sharp Has edges and can therefore pull the lighter materials with it. The removal of such picked up lighter materials is necessary before the recovered metal is further treated can be. There are numerous to solve this problem various separation systems proposed, which work on a pneumatic way to remove from the metal waste obtained from the magnetic separator leaks to remove the residue of lighter material.

A pneumatic separation of materials with different Cluster density is well known (see US Pat. No. 1,517,596), however existing pneumatic separation devices have proven to be unsatisfactory pointed out, since they are subject to clogging or jamming of the air jet devices and, moreover, do not ensure complete separation by the separated in these systems the lighter materials have the chance to reunite with the heavier materials. The systems work therefore with low efficiency.

It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved one To create a method and an improved device of the type specified in the introduction, in which a blockage or jamming of the air jet paths is excluded and a much more effective separation of the lighter materials

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can be achieved even under difficult circumstances.

According to the new method, this is achieved in that the particle flow on its way from a first position to a Position and the lighter particles are released, causing the lighter particles to move in one direction Discharged approximately perpendicular to the particle flow and introduced into an air flow guided approximately perpendicular to the partial flow will.

The invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method with a feed conveyor for bringing in the materials to be separated and with a separation zone with a device for production an air flow causing the separation. According to the invention, the new device is characterized in that the Downstream of the feed conveyor is an obliquely downwardly inclined, perforated and stepped guide surface for the material flow and the pressure side of the device for generating an air flow is connected to the underside of the guide surface is, and that this guide surface forms the underside of an obliquely upwardly rising air discharge channel, the upper end of which is connected to a suction device.

In this device, the device generating the air jets is protected with its air outlet openings Areas arranged where the nozzle-like air jet outlet openings completely from the stream of shredded waste material

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are protected. The guide surface is designed so that the material is free in the area of the air jet nozzles Trajectory follows, so that it skips the air jet nozzles and at the same time crosses the air jets emerging from them. Because of this training, it is much more effective achieved in the way it works and in the separating effect. This is mainly caused by the fact that due to the formation of the air flow is managed in such a way that a reunification of the separated lighter and heavier particles is largely excluded is.

The invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.

Show it:

Pig. I a side view of a pneumatic separating device according to the invention;

Fig. 2 on a larger scale a detail in side view the guiding and separating surface, with the paths of the various particles and air currents being drawn.

The pneumatic separating device according to the invention comprises a closed housing with a wall surface, which is used as a separating and Guide surface 2 is formed. This guide surface, which is built into the interior of the housing, divides the housing 1 into an upper and an upper one a lower chamber la or Ib. One inlet 3 and two outlets 4,

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are provided on the housing and form passages through the upper one Chamber la.

The guide surface is a step-shaped element that is mounted at an angle to the horizontal. The inclination the guide surface can be adjustable in order to enable the angle of inclination to be changed between 32 ° and 37 °. So that can to compensate for variations in the properties of the waste material to be separated. The guide surface is narrow Transverse slots 6 each formed at the foot of a step surface 5a of the steps 5b, the slots 6 with the lower chamber Ib related.

The inlet 3 comprises a substantially flat inclined spreader plate or sliding plate 16 which passes through an opening 7 in the housing 1 protrudes and ends near the upper end of the guide surface 2. A tubular part 8 which is sealingly attached to the housing 1 in the area the circumference of the opening 7 is attached, surrounds the spreading plate 16 and is in communication with the upper chamber la, made of elastomeric material and a

A plurality of vertically flexible slots is attached to the top of the tubular part 8 and controls the Passage of air through this element. The curtain element 9 is arranged at a distance with respect to the housing 1, and his Length is chosen so that the curtain does not extend into the housing.

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The first outlet 4 comprises an opening 10 in the housing 1 near the lower end of the guide surface 2. A second flexible curtain 11 made of elastomeric material and with a number of flexibility supporting vertical supports is on the case attached and hangs over the opening 10 to substantially reduce the air outlet to prevent from this opening.

The second outlet 5 comprises an opening 12 in the housing above and at a distance from the inlet 3. A tubular channel 13 is attached to the housing 1 on the circumference of the opening 12 in a sealing manner. A section 14 of the channel 13 is radially displaceable in order to change the shape of the conduit.

The lower chamber Ib serves as a collection chamber, which with the Slots 6 in the guide surface 2 is in communication. Air under pressure is introduced into the lower chamber Ib and follows above through the slots 6 in the upper chamber la. Air from the upper chamber la is sucked up in one direction, like this is indicated by arrows. This creates an air flow substantially parallel to the main plane of the guide surface 2. The sucked in air is through the second outlet 5 through a fan not shown discharged.

In operation, the shredded waste material is taken from a feed conveyor 15 fed and falls onto the spreading plate 16 and slides on it under the influence of gravity with increasing -t. Speed. This increase in speed reduces the

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Thickness of the material flow. This thickness is further reduced by the passage under the curtain 9 hanging down. After passing the curtain 9, the garbage gets into the upper chamber la. After reaching the lower end of the spreading plate 16, the garbage material falls onto the stepped separating surface 2 and stumbles down on it. This tumbling movement serves to separate paper _s rags or other lighter material from the metallic material. This separation process is supported by jets of air which emerge from the slots 6 and which hit upwards against the tumbling material passing over it.

The lighter material thus separated is carried upwards and passes through the upper chamber la and the outlet 5 in the air flow described above, which is generally parallel to the Guide surface 2 flows. These materials are collected by a cyclone, not shown, provided at the outlet 5.

The heavier material continues its tumbling motion down the baffle until it reaches the bottom of the baffle is. Here the exit of the chamber la lies in the area of the opening 4, from which the material falls into a collecting vessel or the like.

Although the most favorable angle of inclination for the guide surface 2 is still

is not exactly known, it is assumed that this is between 32 ° and 37 ° from the horizontal. The one in question

The angle is chosen so as to ensure the longest possible dwell time

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of the material 11 in the chamber la. At angles above 37 °, the material migrates too quickly downward on the guide surface 2, so that the dwell time for an effective separation increases will be short. Too steep an angle also causes the heavier particles to fly up in a high arc and into the upwardly flowing air flow, which removes the lighter material. This creates the risk that the heavier Particles from this air flow pick up lighter particles again, which would reduce the separation effect. If the If the angle is below 32 °, there is a risk that the lighter material, such as rags or the like, will get stuck on the steps and thus the slots 6 may be blocked. If you choose a step height H of 5 cm, it is the length of the free plug path and if one demands that the wobble path T is also 5 cm, the following relations result:

Inclination angle D (in cm) F (in cm) T (in cm) Step length (in cm)

6th 30.25 5 (L = D + P + T) 50 ° 5 28.75 5 41.25 45 ° 3.5 26.75 5 38.75 35 ° 2.25 25.50 5 35.25 25 ° 1.25 24.50 5 32.75 15 ° 30.75.

For this reason, * becomes around all justifiable surface inclination angles to include a maximum step length L of about 43 cm recommended. It is noted that the slots 6 are closely adjacent to the step walls running perpendicular to the material flow path.

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close so that the slots are in the blind spot or dead space Area D are, as a result of which they are protected against any contact with the downward flow of material and therefore not clogged, jammed or otherwise blocked. The various components of the separation device are preferably made of non-magnetizable material in order to avoid attraction of magnetizable particles, which Are permanently magnetic by nature or have been magnetized during the shredding process.

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Claims (19)

Claims 1. Procedure for the pneumatic separation of lighter ones Particles from a particle stream containing heavier particles a system for separating magnetic and non-magnetic waste, characterized in that, that the particle flow is agitated or circulated on its way from a first position to a second position and the lighter particles are released, whereupon the latter are diverted in a direction approximately perpendicular to the particle flow and introduced into an air flow which is guided approximately in the opposite direction to the particle flow. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the particle flow is guided over multiple graded paths. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that each along the something perpendicular to the Particle flow directed pathways air is blown through the particle flow. 4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to with a feed conveyor for bringing in the material to be separated and a separation zone with devices for production an air flow causing the separation, thereby characterized in that the feed conveyor a 7 O 9 81S / O 2 S 3 onmmM. insi »ectbd Downwardly inclined, perforated and stepped guide surface (2) for the material flow is connected downstream and the pressure side of the device for generating an air flow is connected to the underside of the guide surface (2) is, and that the guide surface forms the underside of an obliquely upwardly rising air discharge channel (la), the upper one End (5) is connected to a suction device. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the steps (6) approximately perpendicular to the inclined Guide surface run. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that the step surfaces (5a) at the same time as guide surfaces for the material flow penetrating approximately perpendicularly Air jets are formed. 7. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 6, characterized in that the step surfaces (5a) in Point the direction of movement of the material flow and with the following Guide surface section (2) form a slot nozzle (6) for the air jet. 8. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 7, characterized in that the approximately parallel to and the housing cover running at a distance from the guide surface (2) 709815/0283 as a guiding surface for one directed in the opposite direction to the material flow Air flow is formed. 9. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 8, characterized ge k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the guide surface (2) a Housing (1) divided into an upper and a lower chamber (la, Ib) and the lower chamber as a distribution chamber for the compressed air is used, 10. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 9, characterized gekennz e i c h η e t that a device for Control of the flow of the material and means for restricting the flow of air in the upper chamber are provided are. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that g e k e η η draw t that the establishment for controlling the flow of material comprises a spreading plate (16), which by an opening protrudes into the housing (1) and with the aid of which the acceleration of the material as it enters the housing and the propagation of the material flow can be controlled. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized t that the device for controlling the air flow comprises a tubular Efement (8) which the spreading plate (16) surrounds and the air passage has restraining flexible curtain (9). 709815/0263 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that that the flexible curtain (9) is arranged at a distance in front of the opening (7) of the housing (1). 14. Apparatus according to claim 11 to 13, characterized in that the housing at the lower The end of the guide surface (2) has an outlet (4) for the heavier material, which is more flexible and controls the air flow Curtain (10) is assigned. 15 · Device according to claim 11 to 14, characterized gekennzei chnet that the flexible curtains are made of elastomeric material. 16. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 15, characterized marked that above and at a distance from the upper inlet opening (7) an air flow outlet opening (5) is provided, to which a suction channel (13) is connected. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that that the suction channel has a radially adjustable wall element (14) for controlling the flow cross-section and the flow rate. 18. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 15, characterized gekennz e i chnet that the angle of inclination of the guide surface (2) relative to the horizontal between 15 ° and 709815/0283 50 °, preferably between 32 and 37, is. 19. Apparatus according to claim 4 to 9, characterized in that the step height and about 5 cm the step length is a maximum of about 43 cm. 709815/0263