DE2635333A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SHAPING A PART BY MEANS OF A MAGNETIC FIELD OR BY MEANS OF A SHOCK WAVE - Google Patents

Description

PATENTANWALTEWILCKENa ₁ LAUFER

DR. HUGOWILCKEN DIPL.-ING. THOMAS WlLCKEN · DIKL-CHEM. DR. WOLFGANG LAUPER

LOBECK LOBECK MÖNCHEN

Munich, August 5, 1976

1) Maurice Leroy, 11 Rue Octave Feuillet, 44 Nantes (France)

2) Jean-Yves Renaud, 105 Boulevard Michelet, 44 Nantes (France)

3) ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE EN MECANIQUE OU ARMECA 3, Rue du Marechal Joffre, 44 Nantes (France)

Method and device for forming a part by means of a magnetic field or by means of a shock wave

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for molding or machining of a part by means of a magnetic field or by means of a shock wave.

The invention relates in particular to electromagnetic and electrical hydraulic molding processes as well as molding processes based on an explosion effect.

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LÜBECK 1 · Breite Strasse 52-54. · Telephone (0451) 75888 *! MUNICH »0 · Prinzreflentenstrasse« 74 · Telephone (0 89] 4773 M

Postal check; Homburg 133119-204 ■ Banks: Commerzbank Lübeck (BlZ 23040022) account no. 390187 Deutsche Bank MO Turning (BLZ 70070010) Account No. «5/05432

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

In the known novel method, the part to be shaped or deformed is inserted between a device that generates a magnetic field or shock waves (electrodes or explosive charges or explosive charges) and the die punch and then under the effect of a magnetic or electrical discharge or a Explosion ejected or thrown against it.

Generate the magnetic field or the intense shock waves or shock waves in part exactly at the moment of the encounter with the die punch increased stresses or loads that make a viscosoplastic Induce flow or drainage of the material and allow it to take on the profile of the punch.

The potential possibilities of these processes are very great, and particularly in explosive molding, but their industrial application is currently limited by the molding tool that forms the die.

The matrices used first were derived from metallic matrices that were used for classic molding processes or from rigid and separable slide forms. These dies have the advantage that they have a very pronounced profile of the die, but the more pronounced the relief, the more difficult it is to lift or remove the mold. The solution to this problem is that the molds are made up of a greater number of separable sections. However, this solution is unsatisfactory because the production of the die is quite complicated and the presence of several connecting surfaces leaves traces on the molded part.

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In order to eliminate these disadvantages, a new type of die is im French Patent No. 72.38028 has been proposed and described. These matrices are essentially for the expansion shaping of a Partly provided and consist of a tubular envelope that is elastically deformable and the inner surface of which has a cavity and has a relief-like stamp. This casing is fixed watertight to a rigid, metallic hollow body in which a cavity is arranged, the elastic shell of which forms a wall. Before the molding process, a pressurized liquid is poured into the cavity which clad the shell against the part to be molded, which is then brought into conformity with the profile of the punch is and then removed from the die after the sleeve has resiliently resumed its initial position and the Fluid pressure has dropped.

These matrices give satisfactory results in molding small stamps or impressions, as the centering of the part and its removal from the mold is automatic. You are being cooled by the compression liquid and no traces of the connecting surfaces remain on the part. However, their use is limited to the shaping of less pronounced profiles due to the fact that the membrane is relatively thick and made of a tough one Material is made to withstand the forming shock, the deformation capacity is reduced, the fluid pressure is also limited to prevent possible breakage. With such matrices one cannot make optimal use of the resultant Consider possibilities offering novel molding processes that would be particularly interesting for the realization of complex ones Forms that have a very accentuated relief and where the realization would be possible due to the viscosoplastic flow of the material.

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The invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a To create a device for the optimal use of the possible and available molding processes and the advantages of the two already known Combine types of dies and avoid the disadvantages that exist there.

In the molding process according to the invention, the part to be molded is inserted between a device that generates the magnetic field or the shock waves, and a working punch that is connected to a die body is printed under the action of the above-mentioned device and finally removed from the stencil. Before the part is pressed or spun, a time-controlled deformation of the die body is caused in order to bring the punch into conformity with a predetermined profile during the forming. The die body is then deformed again to make it easier to remove.

The device for performing the method according to the invention has a die body, with a deformable working punch is equipped, wherein the die body itself is deformable and can freely deform in at least one direction. The device for carrying out the method according to the invention also has devices for producing these deformations.

Due to the method and the device according to the invention one is limited neither by the complexity or the volume of the shapes to be realized, nor by the type of molding process, for example an expansion method, a compression method and a

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Plating process .be k _c inr. In addition, the centering of the part and its I lercv.i'j-iehmen from cJt-> ~ form can be automatically generated ^c .chf ^>! U.N. Furthermore, the shapes can be varied by starting from one and the same die and limiting the deformation of the punch to predetermined points and by changing the deformation stresses, the shapes to be obtained are achieved. The molded parts show no traces of connection surfaces. The cooling of the die is made easier by renewing the compression fluid. Finally, it must be pointed out that the matrices have a simple and economical design and can be interchanged with one another in the course of a production chain.

Preferred embodiments of the method and the device according to of the invention are explained in detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the method according to the invention, in which an internally filled die body is used.

Fig. 2 shows schematically the use of a die with a cavity body.

Fig. 3 shows a modified form of use of a die with a Cavity body.

Fig. 4 shows the deformation of a die by bending.

Fig. 5 shows a section through a die with a cavity body namely on the left side of the axis AB in the rest position and up. * the right side of the axis AB in contracted or contracted Shape in an expansion molding.

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Fig. 6 shows a section through a die with cavity body, the used in compression molding, with the die on the left side of the axis AB at rest and on the right side of this axis is shown in operation.

7 shows a die with a full body during compression molding of the part, the die being in the rest position on the left side of the axis AB and in operation on the right side of this axis.

8 shows a die in the form of a deformable pad.

In FIG. 1, the deformation of a die body 3 is shown in section in accordance with a predetermined profile. The body can be solid and made of a deformable elastic material or it can also be hollow and filled with a shapeless material such as a liquid or sand. The body 3 is "inflated" towards the part 1 to be formed under the action of external and opposing compressions F, the part 1 being located between the body 3 and a device 2 which generates the magnetic field or shock waves (ondes de choc) . In Figure B the device 2 becomes effective and presses the part 1 against the stamp body, the part taking on the profile of the stamp body , which is kept deformed. In the illustration C, the compression or the pressure of the body 3 has ceased and this is again in the initial rest position. This happens either automatically, if it is an elastic solid body , or under the action of opposing tensile forces T, if the body is hollow and filled with some formless material.

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The same process is repeated in FIG. 2, but here uses a die having a hollow elastically deformable body by introducing a pressurized fluid. According to Figure A, the body 3 is subject to a first deformation, in the course of which the body moves in the longitudinal direction contracts and inflates in the transverse direction towards part 1. Figure A shows that the body 3 has an additional Deformation passes under the action of the external and opposing compressive forces F that cause the contraction of the Body as well as the internal pressure of the fluid. This accentuates or enhances the deformation of the punch in the direction of the part. reinforced. In figure B the part is brought into correspondence and in figure C the elastic body is in its rest position been returned. This is done by canceling the forces F and the internal pressure of the liquid. The part becomes through this' automatically removed.

In Fig. 3, a relief deformation of the part 1 is shown, wherein a die 3 with an elastically deformable cavity body is used. According to Figure A, a negative pressure in the Inside the elastic body 3 generated and the deformation is caused by a receding of the body, the outer parts of which by the Forces F were compressed. In figure B part 1 is in line with the die and in figure C it becomes Removal is facilitated by increasing the internal negative pressure of the body and by deforming its outer parts are due to the opposing tensile forces T, which causes these withdrawn according to the molded part.

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4 shows the molding of a part 1 by means of a die 3 shown, which has a deformable solid body. This full body consists of a plastic material or a hollow body that contains a filler material without consistency, such as a liquid, Contains sand or the like. In the figure A, the body 3 is deformed towards the part 1 by means of bending or by means of a buckling under the action of opposing forces F. Part 1 is then, as can be seen from Figure B, brought into agreement by pressing with the die and then shown in Figure C automatically removed when the forces F have been eliminated, either by elastic Return of the body to its starting position or rest position or by opposing tensile forces D, which are allowed to act on its outer parts.

In Fig. 5 is a preferred embodiment of a device according to of the invention, by means of which the method according to the invention in an expansion molding or elongation molding in a to shaping part can perform. In the left section of Fig. 5, the die body of the device is shown in the rest position and in right section of the figure is the same body in operation. The deformation is achieved by means of a magnetic field or a electrical discharge emitted or generated by an electrode 2. The electrode 2 is arranged in a cavity part 1 with "a thin wall. At rest, the body 3 of the die is in the form of a tubular envelope, forming a central arrangement in which the part 1 containing the electrode 2 is located. The body 3 is hollow and has two elastically deformable walls or walls 4 and 5, which are arranged outwards and inwards.

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The wall 5 forms the working stamp (empreinte de travail) of the Die against which the part 1 is pressed at the time of molding. The upper and lower parts of the body 3 are made of crown-shaped Plugs or lids 6 and 7 connected to the lateral and side walls 4 and 5 in a watertight and / or hermetic manner are. The plugs 6 and 7 are equipped with lines 10 and 11. Inside the die body there are transverse partitions 8 and 9 which form the chambers 13, 14 and 15. The chambers 13 and 14 are connected to one another by lines 12 which are located in the separating partition 8. The chamber 15 is of the other chambers isolated. The elastic walls 4 and 5 are on the outer part of the body and inside the housing that receives the part, provided with shrink bands 16 and 17, the shrink bands at the level of the plugs 6 and 7 are arranged to make the hermetic Ensure sealing of the chambers by pressing the outer parts of the lateral walls against the plugs. This outer Parts have ribs 19, which are fixed in corresponding grooves in the lateral Edges of the plugs are pressed in. The bandaging can also be achieved by magnet molding or by electrohydraulic molding. It must be pointed out that the wall 5 in the inner part can be bandaged in some places with the aid of shrink bands 18, which are embedded in the wall. These shrink bands are intended to limit the deformation of the elastic die in the direction of the part and in a controlled manner the punch should be brought into conformity according to a desired profile. The same result can optionally be achieved by transverse partitions 8, which are made of the same elastic material as the body wall and form an integral part of the same. Furthermore can you change the thickness of the walls 4 and 5, in particular the thickness of the wall 5, which forms the working ram. In particular, an over-

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thickness as shown at 20, the elastic deformation the wall 5 is limited. This can be on the work surface, which is facing the part 1, patterns and motifs in the form of Have cavities or in the form of a relief, as indicated by the reference number 21, which are reproduced on the part 1 after molding have been.

The shrink bands are generally made of a metallic material and mostly of steel, as are the plugs 6 and 7. However, other mechanically resistant materials can also be used. Likewise, the plugs 6 and 7, which are integral parts of the body 3, can be made of the same elastic material as used for the walls 4 and 5. This can, for example, be a suitable rubber-like material or, for example, a polyurethane with a hardness between 75 and 99 shore A or preferably with a hardness of 95 to 99 shore A.

At the time of putting the die into operation and before the actual molding work, the lines 10 and 11 are connected to pressurized fluid devices, which may be different, and then the chambers 13, 14 and 15 are pressurized. The chambers 13 and 14 are under the same pressure P and the chamber 15 is under a different pressure P , for example. In this way , the deformation of the body 3 and the deformation of the wall 5, which forms the working temperature or working imprint of the die , are controlled by allowing the P and P pressures to act. The profile assumed by the stamp is modeled in this way at will , partly with the help of the pressure of the liquid that has been introduced into the chambers and partly with the help of the special arrangement of the shrink bands and the thickness of the walls 4 and 5. You can, for example get a very accentuated profile due to the fact

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that the body 3 can axially contract or retract (arrow directions of FIG. 5 to the right of the axis AB), whereby the wall of the stamp 5 is cleared radially and allows a greater curvature of the same without the constrictions at the same time to increase the pull of this wall. One can further increase this curvature by holding the body at both ends or extremities compresses, the opposing compression forces forcing the liquid to flow back against the lateral walls. In in this way an additional deformation is created which is in addition to the deformation produced by the fluid pressure will. To remove the part 1 after molding, it is sufficient to release the compression pressure and to increase the internal fluid pressure eliminate, whereby the die body automatically assumes its original length (see Fig. 5, left side of the axis AB). Through this the wall 5 is removed from the molded part.

In Fig. 6 is a further embodiment of the device according to of the invention capable of compression molding a part that is a hollow part 31 deals with a thin wall. This embodiment is then especially interesting when the deformable die punches cannot work under compression. This type of molding is preferred used for molded parts, the material of which is compressed and cold deformed and not drawn, as in the expansion— deformation. This cold working results in better performance of the shaped article.

The die body 33 shown in the rest position in FIG. 6 (to the left of of the axis AB) has the shape of a hollow cylinder (in geometric

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This cylinder does not have to be rotatable and can be have a rectangular section). The cylinder has a lateral elastic wall 34 which forms the punch and the cylinder is closed or sealed at its ends by a base 37, whereby the body with the wall 34 is formed. The cylinder consists of the same deformable elastic material as the body. A rigid cover 36 is also provided. The wall is firmly pressed against the lid by means of an outer rigid shrink - tape 46, which presses the elastic material of the wall 34 into the grooves 49 which are arranged on the lateral edge of the cover. Through this a hermetic seal is ensured. The rigid partition walls 38 and 39 inside the transvertebral cavity form the chambers 43, 44 and 45 inside the body. The chamber -43 can be hermetically sealed from the others two chambers 44 and 45 be separated, which are connected to one another for example by means of lines 42, the lines through the Go through partition 39. The wall 34 is fixed in the same way against the partition walls 38 and 39 by means of rigid intermediate shrink bands or shrink rings 37 pressed in, which are sunk into the punch and level the working surface of the same. These shrink bands allow the material of the wall to penetrate into the grooves 49 which are present on the lateral edges of the partitions. This will a hermetic seal ensured. The outer shrink bands 46 and 47 can be formed by magnetic molding or by electro-hydraulic Forming are generated.

The chamber 43 is pressurized and not shown here Fluid device connected by conduit 40 passing through cover 36. A second flexible one goes through the cover 36 Line 41, which connects the chamber 34 with another, not shown here Device connects in which a pressurized liquid

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is included.

As in the previous embodiment, the lateral wall 34, which forms the working punch of the die body, have relief motifs 51 on their outer surface, which are on the piece to be deformed 31 should be reproduced. The wall 34 can also have a variable thickness and at certain and predetermined locations contain inner ribs or reinforcing ribs, which have a greater resistance compared to the radial deformation and a limitation at certain points to allow the punch according to the to give a profile to the grooved relief.

To the process used for the formation of the part 31 Ko mp ress ions To start up, the die body 33 is inserted into the part and then this arrangement is made between the surrounding electrodes 32 used or the explosive charge is arranged all around. Then the chambers 43, 44 and 45 by introducing a Pressurized fluids (e.g. oil, water, air, or any gas or the like) ,, where the pressures present in the chambers are different P and P or the same. It should be noted that that it is not necessary to use a non-compressible liquid or a non-compressible fluid due to the fact that the shaping is effected by pressing, i.e. in a hard way and almost instantly. This means that not the hardness or the incompressibility of the stamp is essential, but rather the inertia and inertia that counteracts the rapid displacement of the part. In the same way that a liquid surface, on which an impact takes place at great speed, turns out to be just as hard and compact as concrete. In the same way in the present method a very high rate of deformation is generated and the part becomes

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shaped or profiled before the stamp had time to take under push back the shock or exert a recoil. Due to this fact, a highly compressed Use gas, the kinetic energy being released at the time of the hard and abrupt stop of the part, with a large part being the basis is used for the momentary modeling of the part and the rest is used for pushing back the punch or in the form of heat Will get removed.

Since the chambers 43, 44 and 45 are under predetermined pressures P and P, the working stamp of the body with the brought the desired profile into agreement, which can still be promoted by compressing the body in the longitudinal direction, which has already withdrawn in the axial direction, perpendicular to the radial direction of the inflation or inflation of the punch. There If the bottom 37 is also elastic, it also deforms and allows greater deformation of the stamp (see Fig. right part).

After the part 31 has been pressed and almost immediately formed against the punch 34, the forces acting on the die body become Constrictions are loosened and the die body automatically assumes its initial cylindrical shape and the part can be removed from the mold removed. ·

In Fig. 7, the same compression molding process of a part is implemented, but using a Matri zenvoLlkö rpe rs 60, which has a cylindrical shape in the rest position and also consists of an elastic deformable material 65, such as. B.

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plastic foam. The part 61 is surrounding between two Electrodes 62 are inserted and the body 63 of the die carries the outer rigid plates 66 and 67 and the shrink bands 68, the limit the deformation of the body. The outer lateral surface 64 of the body, which forms the work stamp, can be engraved in the form of a relief or recesses 69 reproduced on the part after molding.

With this type of die, the desired deformation is obtained in which opposing pressures F are exerted on the outer plates 66 and 67 (see Fig. 7 to the right of the axis AB). The die body contracts in the longitudinal direction and inflates radially to assume the predetermined shape profile. According to the size of the forces F one can control the curvatures assumed by the working punch. The part is then against the deformed surface 64 of the body is pushed or thrown, the part takes the appropriate shape and is then automatically removed by the resilient rebound of the body 63, which assumes its initial cylindrical shape when the compression forces F are eliminated. In the event that the shrink bands 68 do not retract or retract only a little and If you partially inhibit the spreading by rubbing against it, you can let them completely into the inside of the body by pushing them covered by means of an elastic material layer, or you make them a little elastic and radially deformable yourself or you slit they correspond to a generatrix to enable them to inflate slightly and then to withdraw elastically again. You can also omit the entire external bandaging and reinforce the matrix body internally with the help of resistant Threads or fibers or by means of an embedded latticework that surrounds the body and is easily deformable when shortened or reduced.

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Reduction of the forces F. These allow a radial expansion of the Latticework whose relative inclination of the crossed threads forming it is modified by it, whereby the deformation of the latticework is none the less weak in comparison with the deformation of the stamp and this limited in the desired places.

If a thin part is to be formed by plating, use a die 73 with a hollow or solid body that is elastically deformable and the shape of a mattress or a Pad, which is planar or curved depending on the desired shape (see Fig. 8). This pad can be hemispherical Be a dome or have any elongated shape, such as by adding a generatrix to the cylindrical body 3 of the Die, shown in Fig. 5, cuts and develops this body according to a plan or surface which is different Curvatures have according to their different points. The stamp is deformed by the same means as described above for the other die bodies. The working stamp consists of the cushion surfaces 74 and 75. The two surfaces can alternatively or simultaneously can be used as a stamp, namely by turning the padding over or both parts to be molded on both Line up the sides of the upholstery. The devices for generating the magnetic fields or the shock waves are on both sides arranged for the two parts. In the event that both surfaces 74 and 75 of the pad are used as working stamps, identical ones can be used Profiles work (see figure) or with different profiles, which can be produced by suitable shrink bands or by different ones Thickness of the walls or by dividing exactly the inner part of the upholstery with the help of longitudinal partitions that extend from the Surface extends to the wall of the cushion when it is in the rest position. This makes the interior of the cushion hermetic

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Isolated chambers split, creating different prints or Negative pressures are made possible. Furthermore, independent in the Walls or walls of the upholstery recessed fittings are used, which can be stretched or relaxed depending on the whether you want to limit or enable the deformation of the wall in the arrangement or, if necessary, only in part of it Wall.

The stamp can be deformed in the same way or emphasize this by compressing the pad along its opposite edges (arrows F, Fig. 8). This allows the thickness to be puffed up or the direction of the part can be curved or in the opposite direction to the one wants to obtain a concave or a convex part. In order to achieve these deformations, the cushion can, for example, along its lateral edges are surrounded by rigid plates 76 and 77 which are connected to the parts 78 and 79 which telescope between them or hinged or slidable to form a deformable cadre. The deformation of the pad is obtained by the shape or the dimensions of the cadre can be modified, for example, by means of pressure rings as in the case of parts 78 and 79.

The removal of a molded part is done either by resets the cushion or releases the compression pressure or releases the pressure of the fluid introduced into the cushion, if this is hollow, the punch takes on the original elastic shape and the molded part falls out. You can remove it improve the part by possibly allowing pull-out forces to act on the outer parts of the pad, thereby reducing its thickness or by creating an internal negative pressure in the cushion, if it is hollow. To remove a molded part of the relief, which is strongly convex, you can either simply use the upholstery

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withdraw from the part or you can increase the deformation in the cavity of the punch by removing the internal negative pressure increases in the case that the body is hollow, whereby the punch separates or one increases the curvature of the body, whereby a stronger curvature is created and the punch can turn back from the convex * profile of the part.

In a modified embodiment, the die bodies 33 can have a single internal chamber. The chambers can also instead of transversal, be provided with longitudinal chambers or with chambers which have some other inclination.

Likewise, in further embodiments, the outer shrinkage- bands of the body 3 be very large and consist of a single tubular shrink band that surrounds the whole body, so that the body can move in the longitudinal direction inside the belt. This gives the deformable body a hold and its outward deformation is limited.

Furthermore, you can use hollow deformable die bodies, which have elastic or non-elastic walls and which are filled with a filling material without consistency, such as water, Oil or a highly compressed gas, or a highly dispersed solid such as sand or metallic can be used Granules or small polystyrene balls or any other powdery material.

The method and the device according to the invention can in particular used for aerosol bombs, for complex-shaped vessels, for body parts, for housing caps and the like.

Claims;

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Claims (13)

Claims 1.) Forming process in which the part to be formed is between a device that generates a magnetic field or shock waves and a deformable working surface of a die body, the work surface deforms a predetermined profile around the part • to lend, press or throw the part against the work surface, by starting the emitting device and then removing the part by modifying the profile of the working surface, characterized in that the arrangement of the die body is deformed in a controlled manner to the specific Bringing the profile into line with the work surface and highlighting the relief. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in - net that one side of the die body before the molding process contracts or contracts at least in one direction perpendicular to the orientation of the working surface to deform the same according to a certain profile that is directed towards the part and conserved during the molding of the same. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that g ek e η η, that before the molding process of the part laterally the die body at least in one direction perpendicular to Orientation of the work surface is expanded to achieve retraction of the same with respect to the one brought into alignment Part and that the gap is preserved during the slimming. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the die body is bent in time to the Confirm the relief of the work surface and / or to confirm this from the 709808/0361 - 20 - Remove part. 5. Device for performing the method according to the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the die body is equipped with a deformable work surface is and the die body itself is deformable in its arrangement and is free to at least in two perpendicular To deform directions, the device having means for generating these deformations. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that the deformable body is hollow and has at least one internal cavity which is hermetic with the thickness of the wall closes and is variable, wherein a pressure or a negative pressure can be generated in the cavity in order to deform the body. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the hollow body is filled with a material without shape consistency and can deform under the constrictions exerted on this body and that outwardly from this him 8. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that the die body is a solid body and consists of a deformable elastic material. 9. Device according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the hollow body consists of a deformable is made of elastic material and has several internal isolated cavities or not and with at least one pressurized Fluid device is in communication. 709808/0361 - 21 - 10. Device according to claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the die body on the outside of certain Places is bandaged or provided with shrink bands in order to limit its deformation according to a predetermined profile. 11. Device according to claims 5 to 10 for the expansion deformation of a hollow part around which a device is inserted, which generates or emits a magnetic field or shock waves, characterized in that the die body is an enveloping Has shape thereby creating an inner housing in which the part can be received, being the work surface surrounds this. 12. Device according to claims 5 to 10, for compression molding of a hollow part with a thin wall, characterized in that that the die body has a compact shape and the work surface is arranged on the outside of the mold, the body can be introduced into the interior of the hollow part to be deformed. 13. Apparatus according to claims 5 to 10 for clad forming an elongated thin part, characterized in that the die body has the shape of an elongated Has cushion, of which at least one surface forms a work surface. 709808/0361 Empty soap