DE2630740A1 - Spindle for high speed grinding machines - has ball bearings supported in hydrostatic bearings formed by annular pockets over length of housing - Google Patents
Spindle for high speed grinding machines - has ball bearings supported in hydrostatic bearings formed by annular pockets over length of housingInfo
- Publication number
- DE2630740A1 DE2630740A1 DE19762630740 DE2630740A DE2630740A1 DE 2630740 A1 DE2630740 A1 DE 2630740A1 DE 19762630740 DE19762630740 DE 19762630740 DE 2630740 A DE2630740 A DE 2630740A DE 2630740 A1 DE2630740 A1 DE 2630740A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- bearings
- hydrostatic
- spindle unit
- spindle
- unit according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
- F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
- F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C21/00—Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
- F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
- F16C25/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
- F16C32/0681—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load
- F16C32/0696—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load for both radial and axial load
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
- F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
- F16C2322/39—General build up of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/08—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Spindeleinneit für Werkzeugmaschinen Die Erfindung betrifft eine Spindeleinheit für Werkzeugmaschinen, vorzugsweise Schleifmaschinen, mit sehr hohen Drelen, bei der axial spielfrei angestelle Wälzlager, insbesondere Schraglager, an den Wellenenden angeordnet sind.Spindle unit for machine tools The invention relates to a spindle unit for machine tools, preferably grinding machines, with very high dreles the roller bearing, in particular the angular contact bearing, on the shaft ends are arranged.
Derartige Spindeleinheiten für Schleifmaschinen sind z.B. aus der DT-PS 929 698 und der DT-PS 672 359 bekannt. Nachteilig an solchen Einheiten ist es jedoch, daß mit den Wülzlagern nur bestimmte Grenzdrehzahlen erreicht werden kennen. Da bei Werkzeugmaschinen eine hohe Steifigkeit der Spindeleinheiten gefordert wird, werden die Wälzlager teilweise unter Vorspannung eingebaut. Infolge fehlender Einstellmöglichkeit entstehen im Wälzlager Zwangskräfte, die das Lager stark erwärmen und seine höchste Drehzahl begrenzen, da Fluchtungsungensuigkeiten und elastische Deformationen, die bei der 3earbeitung eines Workstücks auftreten, nicht ausgeglichen erden, Von weiterem Nachteil ist die Schwingungsempfindlichkeit der Spindeleinheit.Such spindle units for grinding machines are e.g. DT-PS 929 698 and DT-PS 672 359 known. A disadvantage of such units is It is, however, that only certain limit speeds can be reached with the rolling bearings know. Since high rigidity of the spindle units is required in machine tools the rolling bearings are partially installed under preload. As a result of missing Adjustment option creates constraining forces in the rolling bearing that heat the bearing considerably and limit its maximum speed, as misalignment and elastic Deformations that occur when machining a workpiece are not compensated for earth, Another disadvantage is the vibration sensitivity of the spindle unit.
Schließlich ist es sehr schwer, bei Schleifmaschinen die erforderlichen Steifigkeitswerte, das Schwingungsverhalten und die Dämpfungseigeuschaften der Spindeleinheit so aufeinander abzustimmen, daß ein optimales Laufverhalten erzielt wird.After all, it is very difficult to find the necessary grinding machines Stiffness values, the vibration behavior and the damping properties of the spindle unit to be coordinated so that an optimal running behavior is achieved.
Es sind weiterhin hydrostatische Spindeleinheiten für Schleifmaschinen bekannt geworden (Wälzlagertechnik -Berichte der Firme FAG KUGELEISCHER GEORG SCHAFER & CO. -1970-3, So 69), die einige der vorgenannten Nachteile vermeiden Derartig gelagerte Spindeleinheiten zeichnen sich zwar durch hohe Steifigkeit und gute Dämpfung aus, nachteilig dabei ist abet der bei hohen Drehzahlen auftretende hohe aeibungsverlust der hydrostatischen Lager im Vergleich zu Wälzlagern. Die haydrostatischen lager besitzen nämlich nur bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten geringe Reibung. Mit steigender drehzahl steigt die zu überwindende Reibung etwa auadratisch an und erfordert bei Drehzahlen, mit denen Schleifmaschinen betrieben werden, einen sehr hohen Energiebedarf der Antriebsmaschinen und eine aufwendige OlrückLühlungo such müssen umfangreiche Vorrichtungen eingebaut werden, damit bei einem etwaigen Ausfall der Druckillittelpumpen ein Pressen der hochtourigen lager vermieden wird (sO zoBo DT-Gm 73 04 945)0 Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Spindeleinheit für iZerkzeuÕmaschinen, vorzugsweise Schleifmaschinen, aufzuzeigen, die die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist, also insbesondere eine wesentlich höhere Grenzdrehzahl erlaubt, mit niedrigem Energiebedarf der Antriebsmaschinen auskommt, keine aufwendige Ölrücidcühlung erfordert, betriebssicher ist und auch-bei unterschiedlichen Maschinentypen ein optimales laufveftalten zeigt, Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist aus dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 zu ersehen. Durch die Erfindung wird ein Bedürfnis befriedigt, das schon längere Zeit bestand, aber trotz der bekannten Mängel nicht behoben wurde, Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 zu entnehmen.There are also hydrostatic spindle units for grinding machines became known (rolling bearing technology reports from FAG KUGELEISCHER GEORG SCHAFER & CO. -1970-3, So 69), which avoid some of the aforementioned disadvantages Such Draw supported spindle units through high rigidity and good damping, the disadvantage here is that which occurs at high speeds high friction loss of hydrostatic bearings compared to roller bearings. The haydrostatic This is because bearings only have low friction at low speeds. With As the speed rises, the friction to be overcome increases approximately automatically and requires at speeds at which grinding machines are operated, a very high energy requirement the prime movers and an elaborate oil return coolant search have to be extensive Devices are installed so that in the event of a failure of the pressure medium pumps Pressing the high-speed bearings is avoided (sO zoBo DT-Gm 73 04 945) 0 Es is therefore the object of the invention, a spindle unit for iZerkzeuÕmaschinen, preferably To show grinding machines that do not have the aforementioned disadvantages, that is in particular, a significantly higher limit speed is allowed, with low energy consumption the prime mover gets by, does not require complex oil recooling, operationally reliable is and also shows an optimal running curve with different machine types, The solution to this problem can be seen from the characterizing part of claim 1. The invention satisfies a need that has existed for a long time, however, despite the known deficiencies, it was not remedied. Further advantageous refinements can be found in the following claims 2 to 6.
Die allseitig schwimmende Abstützung der Wälzlager ermöglicht eine wesentlich höhere Grenzzahl0 Dabei wird sehr viel Antriebsenergie eingespart, da Wälzlager bei den hohen Drehzahlen eine wesentlich niedrigere Reibung haben, als schnelldrehende Gleit lager, Aber auch bei plötzlichem Ausfall der Druckölversorgung würden die lager nicht festfressen, sondern könnten, wenn auch nicht mehr unter optimalen ]3edingungen' weiterlaufen0 Über die Drosseln können die die wälzlager umschließenden hydrostatischen lager mit variablem Druck beaufschlagt werden. Auf diese Weise läßt sich auch die radiale und axiale Vorspannung der Wälzlager steuern, wodurch es möglich ist, das Laufverhalten der Spindeleinheit unterschiedlichen Schnittbedingungen und Drehzahlen optimal anzupassen. Die Spindeleinheit kann. nun auch in unterschiedliche Masch-inentypen eingebaut werden, da sie nicht mehr auf das spezielle Schwingungsverhalten einer Maschinentype abgestimmt sein muß0 Dieser Vorteil reduziert die Typenvielfalt und erleichtert die -LagerhaltungO Ein Ringkolbenraum ermöglicht die Aufrecht erhaltung gleicher Vorspannung trotz unterschiedlicher Wärme ausdehnung. Durch Verändern der Zähigkeit läßt sich die Dämpfung-der Spindeleinheit beeinflussen, Über Druck und Menge der in die Wälzlager eingespritzten Schmier- und Kühlmittel wird das laufverhalten der Lagerung weiterhin optimiert, Indem die hydrostatischen Radiallager sich in einer Ebene mit den Schnittpunkten der Druckwinkellinie der Schräglager auf der lagerachse befinden, werden in diese keine zusatzlichen Momente eingeleitet, Die Erfindung soll an nachfolgender Figur näher erläutert werden, in der eine erfindungsgemäße Schleifspindeleinheit im Schnitt dargestellt ist0 Die Welle 1 ist in zwei Schrägkugellagern 2 und 3 üer je eine Zwischenbüchse 4 bzw. 5 im Gehäuse 6 gelagert. Im Gehäuse 6 sind Druckräume vorgesehen, die zusammen mit den Zwischenbüchsen 4 und 5 hydrostatische lager 7, 9, 10 und 12, den Ringkolbenraum 10 und Schmiermittelzufuhrkanäle 8 und 11 bilden0 Die Druckmittelzufuhr erfolgt über Drosseln 7', 8', 9', 10', 11' und 12', die von außen und voneinander unabhängig einstellbar sind, Je nach llöhe des eingestellten Taschendrucks und der Viskosität des Drucköls ergibt sich eine ganz bestimmte Steifigkeit und Dämpfung der Lagerung, Die axiale Vorspannkraft, die von dem Druck in dem Ringkolbenraum 10 bzwo in dem hydrostatischen Axiallager 9 ausgeübt wird und die die Steifigkeit der Äiälzlager bestimmt, kann über die Drosseln 9' und 10' ebenfalls reguliert und den entsprechenden Verhältnissen angepaßt erden,The all-round floating support of the roller bearings enables a Much higher limit number0 This saves a lot of drive energy because Rolling bearings have a much lower friction than Fast-rotating plain bearings, but also in the event of a sudden failure of the pressure oil supply the bearings would not seize up, but could, albeit no longer under optimal "conditions" continue to run 0 The throttles allow the rolling bearings surrounding hydrostatic bearings are subjected to variable pressure. on In this way, the radial and axial preload of the rolling bearings can also be controlled, whereby it is possible to adjust the running behavior of the spindle unit to different cutting conditions and to optimally adapt speeds. The spindle unit can. now also in different Machine types are built in, as they no longer depend on the special vibration behavior must be matched to a machine type0 This advantage reduces the variety of types and facilitates storage O An annular piston chamber enables storage same preload despite different thermal expansion. By changing the Toughness can be influenced by pressure and damping of the spindle unit The amount of lubricants and coolants injected into the rolling bearings determines the running behavior the bearing is further optimized by the hydrostatic radial bearings in a plane with the intersections of the pressure angle line of the angular contact bearings on the are located on the bearing axis, no additional moments are introduced into this, the Invention will be explained in more detail in the following figure, in which an inventive Grinding spindle unit is shown in section 0 The shaft 1 is in two angular contact ball bearings 2 and 3 each supported by an intermediate sleeve 4 and 5 in the housing 6. In the housing 6 pressure chambers are provided which, together with the intermediate sleeves 4 and 5, are hydrostatic bearings 7, 9, 10 and 12, the annular piston chamber 10 and lubricant supply channels 8 and 11 form0 The pressure medium is supplied via throttles 7 ', 8', 9 ', 10', 11 'and 12 ', which can be adjusted from the outside and independently of each other, depending on the length of the set pocket pressure and the viscosity of the pressure oil results in a complete certain stiffness and damping of the bearing, the axial preload force that of the pressure exerted in the annular piston chamber 10 or in the hydrostatic axial bearing 9 and which determines the rigidity of the roller bearings can be controlled via the throttles 9 ' and 10 'also regulated and adjusted to the relevant conditions,
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2630740A DE2630740B2 (en) | 1976-04-08 | 1976-04-08 | Grinding spindle unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2630740A DE2630740B2 (en) | 1976-04-08 | 1976-04-08 | Grinding spindle unit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2630740A1 true DE2630740A1 (en) | 1977-10-20 |
DE2630740B2 DE2630740B2 (en) | 1978-08-31 |
Family
ID=5982515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2630740A Ceased DE2630740B2 (en) | 1976-04-08 | 1976-04-08 | Grinding spindle unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2630740B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2696216A1 (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-01 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Bearing for mounting a machine tool spindle. |
WO2001003882A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-18 | Ds Technologie Werkzeugmaschinenbau Gmbh | Bearing arrangement for machine tool spindles |
EP2308635A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-13 | Jtekt Corporation | Spindle device for machine tool |
EP2886318A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-24 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Self lubricating robust centralizer bearing design and method of use |
WO2015091886A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Self lubricating robust centralizer bearing design and method of use |
-
1976
- 1976-04-08 DE DE2630740A patent/DE2630740B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2696216A1 (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-01 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Bearing for mounting a machine tool spindle. |
WO2001003882A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-18 | Ds Technologie Werkzeugmaschinenbau Gmbh | Bearing arrangement for machine tool spindles |
US6793395B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2004-09-21 | Ds Technologie Werkzeugmaschinenbau Gmbh | Bearing arrangement for machine tool spindles |
EP2308635A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-13 | Jtekt Corporation | Spindle device for machine tool |
US8827609B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 | 2014-09-09 | Jtekt Corporation | Spindle device for machine tool |
EP2886318A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-24 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Self lubricating robust centralizer bearing design and method of use |
WO2015091886A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Self lubricating robust centralizer bearing design and method of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2630740B2 (en) | 1978-08-31 |
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Legal Events
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BGA | New person/name/address of the applicant | ||
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