DE2625636A1 - Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element - Google Patents

Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element

Info

Publication number
DE2625636A1
DE2625636A1 DE19762625636 DE2625636A DE2625636A1 DE 2625636 A1 DE2625636 A1 DE 2625636A1 DE 19762625636 DE19762625636 DE 19762625636 DE 2625636 A DE2625636 A DE 2625636A DE 2625636 A1 DE2625636 A1 DE 2625636A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
cutting element
cutting
oscillation
longitudinal axis
vibrations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19762625636
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Alfred Fraas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRAAS ALFRED HOLZ ING GRAD
Original Assignee
FRAAS ALFRED HOLZ ING GRAD
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FRAAS ALFRED HOLZ ING GRAD filed Critical FRAAS ALFRED HOLZ ING GRAD
Priority to DE19762625636 priority Critical patent/DE2625636A1/en
Publication of DE2625636A1 publication Critical patent/DE2625636A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/006—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor specially adapted for cutting blocs of plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27C—PLANING, DRILLING, MILLING, TURNING OR UNIVERSAL MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27C1/00—Machines for producing flat surfaces, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor
    • B27C1/005—Machines for producing flat surfaces, e.g. by rotary cutters; Equipment therefor with tools having a rotational vector which is perpendicular to the working surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Method for cutting solid materials without removal of material is performed by an elongate cutting element which is caused to vibrate in the ultrasonic range and guided into the material to be cut while maintaining the vibrations. Prior to vibration, the cutting element is pref. subjected to high mechanical stress in the longitudinal direction, which is maintained during cutting. Vibrations are pref. produced in the direction of or at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element. The cutting element may consist of a smooth wire, a strip, or a fine blade of high-strength metal mounted under tensile load on both sides of the cutting zone. The materials are thus cut without noise pollution and with high quality of cutting, without removal of material.

Description

Verfahren zum spanlosen Schneiden fester TWerkstoffeProcess for chipless cutting of solid T materials

Beschreibung Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, mit dem es möglich ist, feste Werkstoffe, wie Holz, Dunststoffe usw. spanlos zu Schneiden.Description The invention relates to a method with which it is possible is to cut solid materials such as wood, plastic, etc. without cutting.

Bisher werden solche Werkstoffe mit Kreis-, Bana-, Kettensagen, Gatter usw. geschnitten. Sie haben den Nachteil, uaß beim Schnitt ein gewisser Spananteil anfällt, der abtransportiert werden muß und die Materialausnutzung schralert, was erhebliche Kosten verursacht. Außerdem sind solche tÇaschinen mit einer erheblichen Lärmbelästigung verbunden. Die ualität des Schnittes ist wesentlich besser gegenüber herkömmlichen Methoden. Die Erfindung bietet neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten.So far, such materials are made with circular, bana, chain saws, gates etc. cut. They have the disadvantage that there is a certain amount of chips when cutting accrues, which has to be transported away and the material utilization jerks what causes considerable costs. In addition, such machines are with a considerable Noise pollution associated. The quality of the cut is much better than that conventional methods. The invention offers new uses.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, feste Werkstoffe spanlos, ohne Lärmbelästigung, mit hoher Schnittqualität, in wahlloser Richtung zu schneiden.The invention is based on the object of cutting solid materials, Cut in any direction without noise, with high cutting quality.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemaß dadurch gelöst, daß der Schnitt mittels eines langgestreckten Schneidelementes, im Ultraschallbereich angeregt, und unter Aufrechterhaltung der Schwingungen in den zu schneidenden Werkstoff geführt wird, vollführt wird. Das Schneidelement wird in Langsrichtung einer starken mechanischen Spannung unterworfen.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the cut by means of an elongated cutting element, excited in the ultrasonic range, and guided into the material to be cut while maintaining the vibrations is carried out. The cutting element becomes a strong mechanical in the longitudinal direction Subject to tension.

Das Schneidelement wird nun in folgenden verschiedene Weisen zu Schwingungen angeregt: a; Das Schneidelement wird annähernd in Richtung (z)7 oder in einem Winkel zu der Längsachse des Schneidelementes zu Schwingungen angeregt.The cutting element now becomes vibrated in the following various ways stimulated: a; The cutting element is approximately in direction (z) 7 or at an angle excited to vibrate about the longitudinal axis of the cutting element.

b; Das Schneidelement wird gleichzeitig zu Schwingungen in mindestens zwei Richtungen angeregt, wobei die erste Schwingungsrichtung (w) annähernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des Schneidelementes liegt und die zweite Schwingungsrichtung (z) schrag unter einem Winkel (77 zur ersten verläuft.b; The cutting element will vibrate at least at the same time Excited in two directions, the first direction of oscillation (w) being approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and the second direction of vibration (z) obliquely at an angle (77 to the first.

c; Das Schneidelement wiru in mindestens zwei richtungen angeregt, wobei die erste Schwingungsrichtung (x) annähernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des Schneidelementes liegt, und die zweite Schwingungsrichtung (y) annähernd senkrecht zur Längsachse es Schneidelementes und in einem Winkel (ß) zur ersten verlauft.c; The cutting element is excited in at least two directions, wherein the first direction of oscillation (x) is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and the second direction of oscillation (y) is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis it cutting element and runs at an angle (ß) to the first.

d; Die resultierende Schwingungsrichtung aus "c" liest annahernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des tchneidelementes und die Schwingungsebene dieser resultierenden Schwingung wird fortlaufend um die Längsachse gedreht. Das kann durch ein Drehfeld erreicht werden.d; The resulting direction of oscillation from "c" reads approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and the oscillation plane of this resulting Oscillation is continuously rotated around the longitudinal axis. This can be done with a rotating field can be achieved.

e; Die Beschaffenheit des hc hneidelementes Jnd/oder der Frequenz und/oder einer entsprechenden chwingungsanregung am anderen Ende des Schneidelementes bewirkt eine langsam laufende stehende Welle.e; The nature of the cutting element and / or the frequency and / or a corresponding vibration excitation at the other end of the cutting element causes a slow moving standing wave.

f; Die Frequenzen der aplizierten Schwingungen werden an die Dichte, bzw. Molekülschwingungsfrequenz, bzw.f; The frequencies of the applied vibrations are adjusted to the density, or molecular vibration frequency, or

andere stoffspezifische Eigenschaften des zu schneidenden Werkstoffes angepaßt. other material-specific properties of the material to be cut customized.

g; Um eine größere Gesammtamplitide des schwingenden Schneidelementes zu erreichen, wird eine in ähnlicher Weise arbeitende Trägerfrequenz überlagert.G; To a greater total amplitude of the vibrating cutting element to achieve, a similarly operating carrier frequency is superimposed.

h; Die bisher erwähnten Verfahren können miteinander kombiniert werden.H; The methods mentioned so far can be combined with one another.

i; Das Schneidelement bildet ein glatter Draht, ein Band oder eine feine Klinge aus hochfestem Metall, oder hochfeste Kohlenstoff-, bzw. Eunststoffasern.i; The cutting element forms a smooth wire, ribbon or a fine blade made of high-strength metal, or high-strength carbon or plastic fibers.

k; Die Erregung der Schwingunben wird mittels Eiezo-Keramik, Elektrodynamik, Elektromagnetik oder Dielektrik durchgeführt.k; The excitation of the vibrations is achieved by means of Eiezo ceramics, electrodynamics, Electromagnetics or dielectrics performed.

Die in dem Schneidelement enthaltene Schwingungsenergie ermöglicht es, die Energie zur Trennung des Nerkstoffes bereitzustellen.The vibration energy contained in the cutting element allows it to provide the energy for the separation of the Nerkstoffes.

Betrachtet man den Vorgang theoretisch für eine langere Zeit, einen Bruchteil einer Sekunde, so beanspruchen die Rewebungen der einzelnen Zasseteilchen des Schneidelementes einen bestimmten Raum, der rund zylindrisch, eliptisch zylindrisch oder quaderisch geformt erscheint. Durch die hohe kinetische Energie der einzelnen Masseteilchen bei den einzelnen Ausschlägen werden Werkstoffteilchen angestoßen. Dieser Impuls verdrängt die Werkstoffteilchen aus dem von dem schwingenden Schneidelement beanspruchten Raum.If you look at the process theoretically for a long time, one The weaving of the individual Zasseteilchen takes up a fraction of a second of the cutting element a certain space that is round cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical or appears cuboid. Due to the high kinetic energy of each Particles of mass at the individual deflections are impacted by material particles. This impulse displaces the material particles from the vibrating cutting element claimed space.

Claims (17)

Patentansprüche 1. Verfahren zum spanlosen schneiden fester ''erkstoffe ttels eines langgestreckten Schneidelementes, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Schneidelement zu Schwingungen im Ultraschallbereich angeregt und unter Aufrechterhaltung der Schwingangen in den zu schneidenden Werkstoff geführt wird.Claims 1. A method for non-cutting cutting of solid '' materials by means of an elongated cutting element, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the cutting element is excited to vibrate in the ultrasonic range and guided into the material to be cut while maintaining the swing arms will. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, u a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t , daß das Schneidelement vor der Anregung zum Schwingen einer starken mechanischen spannung in Langsrichtung unterworfen wird, die während des Schneidvorganges aufrechterhalten bleibt.2. The method according to claim 1, u a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the cutting element before the excitation to vibrate a strong mechanical tension is subjected in the longitudinal direction, which is maintained during the cutting process remain. 3. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, ci a C1 ci r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das schneidelement annahernd in Richtung oder in einem Winkel zu der Langsachse des Schneidelementes zu chwingungen angeregt wird.3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, ci a C1 ci r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the cutting element is approximately in the direction or in one Angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element is excited to vibrate. 4. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Schneidelement gleichzeitig zu Schwingungen in mindestens zwei Richtungen angeregt wird, wobei die erste Schwingungsrichtung annahernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des chneidelementes liegt und die zweite Schwingungsrichtung schrag zur ersten verläuft.4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n Nz e i c h n e t that the cutting element simultaneously to vibrations in at least is excited in two directions, the first direction of oscillation being approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and the second direction of oscillation is inclined to the first runs. 5. Verfahren nach den Ansprtichen 1 und 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Achneidelement gleichzeitig zu Schwingungen in mindestens zwei Richtungen angeregt wird, wobei die erste Schwingungsrichtung annahernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des Schneidelementes liegt und die zweite Schwingungsrichtung annähernd senkrecht zur Längsachse des Schneidelementes und in einem Winkel zur ersten verlauft.5. Procedure according to claims 1 and 2, which are not applicable n z e i c h n e t that the Achneidelement at the same time to vibrations in at least is excited in two directions, the first direction of oscillation being approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and the second direction of oscillation is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and at an angle to the first. 6. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schwingungsebene der resultierenuen Schwingung fortlaufend um die Langsachse gedreht wird.6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n It does not indicate that the oscillation level of the resulting oscillation is continuous is rotated around the longitudinal axis. 7. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis C, a a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Schneidelement auf eine bestimmte Art und weise in Schwingung versetzt wird, sodaß eine langsam laufende stehende Welle entsteht.7. The method according to claims 1 to C, a a d u r c h g e k e n It does not indicate that the cutting element vibrates in a certain way is shifted so that a slowly moving standing wave is created. 8. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dak die Frequenzen der aplizierten Schwingungen an die Dichte, bzw. Molekülschwingungsfrequenz, bzw. anuere stoffspezifische Eigenschaften des zu schneidenuen Werkstoffes angepaßt werden.8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, because the frequencies of the applied vibrations to the density, or molecular vibration frequency or other substance-specific properties of the to be adapted to the cutting material. 9. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß den Schwingungen des Schneidelementes eine in ähnlicher Weise arbeitende Trägerfrequenz überlagert wird.9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the vibrations of the cutting element are similar Way working carrier frequency is superimposed. 10.Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die erwähnten Verfahren miteinander kombiniert werden.10.Verfahren according to claims 1 to 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n It does not indicate that the methods mentioned are combined with one another. 11.Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, d a dur c h g e k e n n z e i c hn e t , daß das Schneidelement von einem glatten Draht, einem Band oder einer feinen Klinge aus hochfestem Metall gebildet ist, das beiderseits des Ochneidbereichs unter Zugbelastung gelagert und von wenigstens einem Schwingungserreger beaufschlagt ist.11.Vorrichtung for performing the method according to the claims 1 to 10, which indicates that the cutting element is from a smooth wire, a ribbon or a fine blade formed from high-strength metal is stored on both sides of the cutting area under tensile load and of at least a vibration exciter is applied. 12.Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Schneidelement aus hochfesten Sohlenstoff- oder Kunststoffasern gebildet ist.12.Vorrichtung according to claim 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the cutting element is made of high-strength carbon or synthetic fibers is formed. 13.Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß piezo-elektrische Keramik-Schwingungerreger am Schneidelement sind.13.Vorrichtung according to claim 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that piezo-electric ceramic vibration exciters are on the cutting element. 14.Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d ci r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß elektrodynamische Schwingungerreger am Schneidelement sind 14.Vorrichtung according to claim 11, d a d ci r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that electrodynamic vibration exciters are on the cutting element 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11. d a ci j r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß elektromagnetische Schwingungerreger am Schneidelement sind.15. Device according to claim 11. d a ci j r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that electromagnetic Vibration exciters are on the cutting element. 16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß dielektrische Schwingungerreger am Schneidelement sind.16. The apparatus of claim 11, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that dielectric vibration exciters are on the cutting element. 17. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schwingungerregung auf piezo-elektrischen oder/und elektrodynamischen oder/und elektromagnetischen oder/und dielektrischem Wege erfolgt.17. Device according to the preceding claims, d a d u r c h it is not stated that the vibration excitation is based on piezo-electric or / and electrodynamic and / or electromagnetic and / or dielectric Ways takes place.
DE19762625636 1976-06-08 1976-06-08 Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element Pending DE2625636A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19762625636 DE2625636A1 (en) 1976-06-08 1976-06-08 Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19762625636 DE2625636A1 (en) 1976-06-08 1976-06-08 Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element

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DE2625636A1 true DE2625636A1 (en) 1977-12-22

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529686A1 (en) * 1985-08-20 1987-02-26 Fein C & E Cutting device for cutting elastic materials
DE3603627A1 (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-04-23 Kln Ultraschall Gmbh Process and apparatus for making openings in containers of thermoplastic materials
EP0353415A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1990-02-07 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Cutting device
DE4138837A1 (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-03-25 Textilma Ag DEVICE FOR CUTTING A TEXTILE TRACK, IN PARTICULAR. A LABEL OF LABELS
DE4310832A1 (en) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-06 Rowenta Werke Gmbh Cutting device
DE19537826C1 (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-02-27 Wolf Und Partner Ingenieurbuer Cutting system excited by ultrasound, especially for cutting food
DE10337272A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-03-10 Alpma Alpenland Masch Slicing device for food with tendency of sticking to blade, working with creation of ultrasonic waves
EP2329932A3 (en) * 2009-12-02 2012-03-14 Fritz Egger GmbH & Co. OG Method for producing panels, in particular floor panels

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529686A1 (en) * 1985-08-20 1987-02-26 Fein C & E Cutting device for cutting elastic materials
DE3603627A1 (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-04-23 Kln Ultraschall Gmbh Process and apparatus for making openings in containers of thermoplastic materials
EP0353415A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1990-02-07 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Cutting device
DE4138837A1 (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-03-25 Textilma Ag DEVICE FOR CUTTING A TEXTILE TRACK, IN PARTICULAR. A LABEL OF LABELS
DE4310832A1 (en) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-06 Rowenta Werke Gmbh Cutting device
WO1994022645A1 (en) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-13 Rowenta-Werke Gmbh Cutting device with piezoelectric oscillator
DE19537826C1 (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-02-27 Wolf Und Partner Ingenieurbuer Cutting system excited by ultrasound, especially for cutting food
EP0768153A1 (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-16 Dr. Wolf und Partner Ingenieurbüro für Lebensmitteltechnik GmbH Ultrasonically excited cutting system, in particular for cutting foodstuff
US5768970A (en) * 1995-10-11 1998-06-23 Dr. Wolf & Partner, Ingenieurbuero Fuer Lebensmitteltechnik Gmbh. Ultrasonic cutting system
DE10337272A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-03-10 Alpma Alpenland Masch Slicing device for food with tendency of sticking to blade, working with creation of ultrasonic waves
EP2329932A3 (en) * 2009-12-02 2012-03-14 Fritz Egger GmbH & Co. OG Method for producing panels, in particular floor panels

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