DE2621173C3 - Dust separator for cleaning dust-laden air with fluctuating air throughput for operation on the pressure or suction side - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a dust collector for cleaning dust-containing air with fluctuating air Air throughput for operation on the pressure or suction side.

Such dust separators are required, for example, to remove the intake air from internal combustion engines and compressors or the exhaust air from sandblasting systems or similar systems that are subject to high levels of dust if possible to be largely cleaned.

Such dust separators are known which consist of square or round housings with built-in There are disc-shaped or cylindrical filter layers in each of which a centrifuging or swirl device is provided, which is to be cleaned and centrifuged air flow through an oil bath and after wetting and intensive contact with the filter layers the cleaned air is released back into the exhaust air flow. These dust collectors are in different Designs and constructions known, which are reproduced, for example, in the following publications are:

DE-OS 2131657

DE-AS 1295520

DE-AS 1242568

DE-AS 1227428

DE-AS 1298507

DE-AS 1421329

DE-PS 1086946

DE-PS 1671402

U.S. Patent 813327

U.S. Patent 1926841

Such dust separators are, depending on the operating conditions, as single or multi-stage Separator used, with centrifugal devices and oil baths as wetting agents or precipitation devices Used individually or in series in connection with filter layers made of metal mesh are, or additional oil circulation pumps are used, which the filter layers in the Supply certain amounts of wetting agent to the housings in the circulatory system in order to ensure effective dust-air cleaning with simultaneous rinsing of the filter layers.

The known oil separators have several serious disadvantages.

A major disadvantage is that the known Dust separators cannot satisfactorily meet the requirement that the degree of dust removal even with lower air pollution, it does not drop, but at the required favorable rate Area remains in order to avoid a break in emergency situations

to clean part of the air flow over a longer period of time with the same effect as with the Full load. This requirement arises particularly when cleaning the intake air from with constant Diesel stations operated by alternating cables to supply power generators and pumping stations, The same applies to other intake systems in the industrial sector, especially if from certain For reasons of constant need to maintain a certain partial load range, the peak load however, is only used temporarily. Due to the inability to To meet this requirement in a satisfactory manner, the known dust separators are only imperfect can be used in such operating conditions.

Another disadvantage is that in the known dust separators, the dust air before reaching the actual filter layer is first passed deep through the liquid of the oil bath, which leads to a shift in the level of the oil level and, if the oil is thickened and no longer flowable, as a result Dust deposits for wetting and rinsing the filter layer are problematic because of the risk of clogging is.

Another disadvantage of the known dust separators is that either one is not always sufficient or excessive wetting of the filter layer takes place, its regulated function to Dust separation and for cleaning or rinsing purposes the filter sheets or filter cartridges is required. In the event of excessive wetting of the filter layer the wetting oil mixed with dust will inevitably be torn through to the clean air side and causes damage there, while if the filter layer is too weakly coated with oil, the separation principle which relies on the inertia and adhesion effect due to the lack of a sufficient one Capillary action is endangered, since in this case the filter no longer cleans itself and the degree of dust removal is low. As a result, there is a rapidly increasing clogging of the filter layer to to complete airtightness, which causes serious damage.

A regulation mechanism that overcomes these disadvantages and is independent of the air flow rate ensures adequate wetting, rinsing and dust separation at all times without doing so To question the required high degree of dedusting is lacking in the known dust collectors.

A further disadvantage is that the known dust separators have coarse dust pre-separators are not intended to deal with excessive sand and dust loads, such as those for example occur in sandstorms and sudden mass discharges of industrial dust accumulations, rapid growth of the oil baths and filter layers and thus an interruption of the air supply to prevent the machines. Especially with diesel power stations, whose performance is incessant is required, such a state is untenable, so that the station with switching units must be equipped, which are used in the event of failure of the dust collector, which, however, is a high Investment and maintenance costs.

Attempts have been made to at least partially avoid these disadvantages by making the arrangement more complicated and expensive additional equipment that

on the one hand, however, are disadvantageous in that they are usually cannot be dismantled and therefore only for maintenance and general cleaning, if at all are difficult to access. For example, the filter layers are to be continuously and evenly wetted by the common pump units and by the necessary distribution systems mechanics required due to their susceptibility to use in extremely dusty areas or even , are of dubious importance in desert areas because of their circulatory effects. With such dust collectors Constant time-consuming and costly maintenance is a prerequisite for a more satisfactory function, apart from the wear parts to be replaced, such as motors, moving pump parts and nozzles that have to be replaced at regular intervals, and for this reason a spare parts store make necessary.

It should also be taken into account that the dimensions of the dust separator depend on the air throughput. These different. <'House dimensions are due to the requirement that the air intake speeds at the rotating Rain aprons must not be higher than 2 to 2.2 m / s to prevent dripping or rainwater falling at an angle is dragged into the oil bath. Since with growing dimensions If there are significant transport difficulties, the above-mentioned value is often undercut, so that water inevitably accumulates in the oil bath, which is caused by the dilution of the oil and Finally, by the formation of a low-network emulsion, the separation capacity of the dust separator is considerable Dimensions diminished.

The invention is based on the object of largely avoiding the disadvantages associated with the known dust collectors and of designing a dust collector according to the preamble of the main claim in such a way that a compact, completely removable, corrosion-protected dust collector according to the modular system results from a simple manufacturing method which with relatively simple devices several wear-resistant and maintenance-free dust separating devices arranged one behind the other complement each other in their effect in one device without the aid of electromechanical equipment, the dust separator in the simplest way by exchanging or alternating installation of the various modular components with one another or one behind the other additionally for different user systems and can be combined for higher dust loads without loss of efficiency and optionally with a rigid axial vortex fan system and / or with a flexible radial system orderly apron system can be equipped to generate drailon energy in order to clean the lowest and highest dust air throughput with constant degrees of de-icing as fully automatically as possible over as wide a range as possible, with the rigid guide vane system for the pre-separation of the dust and the flexible apron system as a regulation for the air-current flow ^r ch the oil bath is used, and with relatively small housing dimensions, large air capacities with a high degree of efficiency with high housing strength can be achieved with little wear, low power requirement, low noise and low transport volume.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a dust separator according to the preamble of the main claim solved by the im keri "-; calibrating part of the Main claim specified features.

Further features emerge from claim 2.

The main advantage is that the inventive Dust separators can be assembled in a modular way with the simplest construction aids and dismantle that a dust collector sucking in freely from the air by inserting a low-cost additional part as required in a separator for a closed air passage system can be converted, and that these two systems with simple and effective additional pre-separators can be subsequently removed in order to suddenly relieve the filter layer and the oil bath Occurring, not calculated strong dust exposure to record. In this way it is possible four different filter systems, each always made of the same parts through an optional series connection to create, with the rotary flow and the development of centrifugal forces depending on Required either by a rigid metal axial vortex guide vane system or by a flexible skirt system on the perforated sheet metal body or by both systems together.

Another advantage is the possibility of using the inner perforated sheet metal body with the cone and to adjust the hanging flexible apron in height so that the distance between the Oil bath and the lower edge of the apron or the edge of the perforated sheet metal body, depending on the amount of continuous air flow can be small or large, thereby increasing the efficiency and wetting of the dusty air with the oil and the pressure loss is influenced.

With the dust separator according to the invention, it is advantageous even with a low pressure difference, So even with low air throughput, it is possible with both blade systems to generate centrifugal forces from one certain point at below the disc filter sheet cartridge in downward centrifugal forces to convert to most of the oil in the disc filter sheet cartridge to promote the cone of the perforated plate body back down.

Another advantage is that it is to be achieved in the dust separator according to the invention for the high degree of dedusting is irrelevant, with what amount of air and with what passage speed the separator is pressurized when both blade systems are present. This is especially true then when the slotted flexible apron is slightly immersed in the oil bath to allow the airflow with small amounts of air inevitably through the oil bath, while with a raise the individual inclined triangular apron flaps outwards for greater air flow and clear the way for the air. At the same time, an axially symmetrical swirl flow is created generated, the centrifugal forces developed. As a result, the oil that is carried along is intensively mixed with dust and used for the Part thrown outwards against the inner housing wall. The simple regulation mechanism through this separator and through the function of the flexible apron, the flaps of which divide the air into many individual streams disassembled, which are set in rotation after the tangential exit, is considered a special advantage for suddenly strongly changing air flow rates, for example at diesel stations.

The rigid axial vortex guide vane system in the expanded conical funnel body as a larger inlet cross-section of the housing ensures that through a relatively low entry speed of the air into the blade only a low surface friction occurs, which benefits the wear resistance. The formation of the lower intake is also advantageous on the funnel body, in which an expensive rain-repellent apron can be dispensed with

The bank filter sheet cartridge of the invention Dust separator is cost-saving in terms of its design and manufacture Weight, even with large dimensions, is so low that it can be used by the operators when removing it can be mastered without the help of a crane.

The vertical ver <irhiehhai krii of the entire (Ie-

housing body in the beam supports ensures that the filter cartridge can be removed at any time without the upper '!' ■ '«. to be detached from the connecting pipe here or the move the entire housing.

The structure of the dust separator according to crfind'.ing allows each individual part to be removed if it is replaced after a long period of time got to. The structure is made up of five main parts r.i-cii the "modular system as bcsonderci and more serious Represents advantage.

Some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the section CC df.Kh the upright basic construction with all details, the streamline image with the air duct and the oil bath surface movement;

2 shows a halved plan view in section AA with the axially arranged vortex-guide vane system, section BB corresponds to a halved plan view of the cylindrical perforated plate body with the height-adjustable holders;

Fig. 3 shows one in the axial direction of the oil bath air filter exploded view of the five main parts on both sides with partial sections;

FIG. 4 corresponds essentially to FIG. 1 and is free at the bottom corresponding to the streamline diagram sucking reeen-protected oil bath air filter with the indicated oil filler and drain nozzles and the Cleaning openings in partial sectional view;

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the oil bath air filter as in FIG. 4, but with a bare top and a lower pipe connection on an optionally cylindrical or funnel-shaped one Transition piece with flange connection and laterally deflected supply air pipeline as a closed one Air passage system;

6 corresponds to FIGS. 1 and 4, but with an additional pre-separator system installed below and side cleaning openings as a free suction element according to the drawn streamlines;

Fig. 7 is shown in a structure similar to Fig. 5 as a closed air passage system, but with an additionally built-in dust pre-separator and a pipe connection which, via a funnel-shaped transition nozzle, leads to an "itiinn r ~ w \ t * r *" 7ii ριπρπί Ϊιίγϊ R / vlf * n Pinnplsccpnpn

Concrete channel leads;

Fig. 8 shows the perspective view of the with one

with a broken-out cylindrical edge Perforated sheet metal body with the cone attachment and the inner truncated cone and the slotted flexible Apron with the simultaneous suggestion of an adjustable cranked, for example, mounted thereon Halters. The directions of the arrows indicate the air flow guides and the oil drain;

Fig. 9 is the cylindrical perforated plate body with the occasionally broken out edge in section to Clarification of the arrangement of the inner truncated cone and arrangement of the adjustable ones in the holes cranked holder;

10 is the Schcibenfiltcrschichtpatronc in section with the Winkeleiscnringen and stiffeners including the inwardly cranked ¹ π handles;

FIG. II is a perspective view of a rolled up filter layer to identify the individual filter layer layers made of expanded metal and stillag gewcliiciii vei / .iiikicni Siaili-tiller A'uimmiiini knitted fabric wire with a core plug in the middle

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the basic structure initially consists of the upper conical one funnel-shaped nozzle part 2 with the constricted cylindrical neck and flange 22 and a anschlicßbarcii to it, for example, pipeline 22 ". Among them is the on the circumferential housing flange 25 sealed and clamped Disc filter layer cartridge 19. Below this disc filter layer cartridge 19 is the perforated plate ! .body 15 with the upper cone 3 and the inner Cone 36 and the broken-out edge strip 37 and the flexible attached to the perforated plate body 15 occasionally vertically slotted apron attachment 31 with the triangular flaps 59 in the housing body 1 on holders 18 suspended adjustable in height. In the axial direction of the housing body 1 is located coaxially below it the funnel body 34, which is slightly submerged in the perforated body 15, with the axial vortex guide vane system 7 and the sieve wire cover 8 z. B. as a paper sheet and bird catcher. In the In the middle of the blade system 7, an air-permeable disk 9 is arranged for its fastening. The whole Funnel body 34 is either screwed tightly in the oil bath air filter housing 1 in a sealing manner or welded. The housing body 1 is on three support supports 11 with the foot flange plates 35 in height adjustable fastened. The streamlining in the oil bath air filter 1 is indicated by the air direction arrows indicated. Thereafter, the dusty air 55 is from below at a suitable distance to the Ground with about 2 m / sec protected from rain by the funnel body 34 with the shovel system 7 and the Sieve wire mesh 8 through into the housing body 1, provided the rigid blade system is arranged, centrifuging sucked in. By slipped over the funnel body 34, the perforated plate body 15 is Dust air as a result of the truncated cone 36 built into the inside is directed onto the oil bath la and displaces it Surface in a rotating motion around the central axis with strong wave formation. The drawn flexible apron 31 with the inclined triangular flaps 59 which can be raised by the intake air is arranged in addition to the shovel system 7 when strongly fluctuating air flows load the filter or if, in the other case, the shovel system 7 is to be omitted entirely and is therefore considered an optional arrangement with the same direction of rotation and the same Ef

The first coarse dust deposit according to the Stromlinicnhikl occurs with the two deflections the dusty air from the funnel body 34 to the oil bath 1 «. Some of the air escapes through the holes of the perforated sheet body 15 not wetted, hingec "η the larger proportion of air with the entrained oil droplets from the oil bath 1 «, which is caused by the rigid scoop system 7 or the flexible apron system 59 set in an axially symmetrical twisting movement was flowing towards the layer filter cartridge 19, in which the heavy oil and the oil-swordc residual dust inevitably separates from the air.

By the order ^c of the perforated plate body trömung 15 and by the action of the conically shaped axial air occurrence 55 and the conically shaped coaxial air outlet in the tube 22 'is formed after the development of swirl energy and centrifugal forces in the housing i iiiiiiigi: UA / .wisciien geseimiieien Siiömungswiderstandes the Disc filter layer cartridge 19 with the central plug 19c, as it were, a braking or rebound effect of the axially symmetrical Strotnlaufbahn. Since the cleaned air leaves the filter 1 again in the middle, an exchange movement of forces inevitably arises at this point, ie the centrifugally accelerated air flow striving upwards generates a centripetal effect on the underside of the filter cartridge 19, in part a downstream centripetal effect.

During this process, a large part of what is thrown onto the filter cartridge 19 is mixed with dust Oil 58 accumulates to a greater extent towards the middle of the cartridge 19t "and flows through the suction forces of the centripetal acceleration and the force of gravity causes it to move downwards towards the cone of the perforated plate body 15.

The oil 56 and 58 then flows through the isolated breakouts 29 in the edge 37 of the perforated sheet metal body in the direction of the oil bath 1 «and so re-enters the cycle. Part of the oil 58, which has reached the inner wall of the housing body 1 by centrifugal forces. also flows influenced by gravity with the wetted dust along with circular movements in the Oil bath 1 «back.

This described function arises regardless of whether the swirl excitation mechanism is a rigid one Shovel system 7 or a flexible skirt 31 or both acting together (Fig. 6 and 7) arranged are.

The height adjustment of the filter housing in the support supports 11 is used for simpler and occasional Removing the disc filter sheet cartridge 19. For this purpose, on the upper housing flange 25 loosen the screws, and the case body 1 is lowered. The funnel-shaped nozzle part 2 remains hanging on the example of the upper pipe 22a. This makes it easy to use the To remove the filter cartridge 19 for a cleaning process without the entire filter housing like previously had to be separated from the pipe string 22a and moved.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is intended to represent the oil bath air filter dismantled into its individual parts. The funnel-shaped connecting piece 2 with the cylindrical constricted neck and Flange 22 provided. On the slopes there are a few circular observations and can be unscrewed

Cleaning openings 38 with a thread of at least 100 mm disordered.

A circumferential seal 24 is formed from an inner flat iron ring 23 within the funnel part 2 Edged from oil-proof material. The screws 21 can be pushed through on the circumferential angle flange 25.

The disk filter sheet cartridge according to FIG. 3 consists from a circumferential endless circular upright sheet metal strip 20 with the inserted Filter layer 19 and the angular steel rings immersed in the sheet metal strip 20 on the top and bottom 27 for mounting and stiffening. Below the cartridge 19 are transverse angle steel stiffeners 28 and serve to support the filter layer 19 at the same time.

For this purpose, FIG. 1 shows in detail how the disc filter layer 19 is made from alternating layers of rolled up strips of expanded metal 19a and diagonally curved mesh 19b, in the middle of which a tightly rolled metal knitted fabric is inserted as a core plug 19r.

The cylindrical hole plate body according to FIG. 3, in particular but according to FIGS. 8 and 9, which is preferably round in construction, consists of the upper one smooth sheet metal cone 3 with the inner truncated cone 36 and the isolated one with breakouts 29 circumferential edge 37, to which the endlessly circumferential perforated sheet metal cylinder jacket IS is attached, to which The underside is optionally a flexible apron which is provided with vertical slots 32 on the circumference 31 can be fastened by a lower perforated ring 39 between the slots with screws or Rivets 30 and 31a is fixed so that the loosely standing apron flaps in oblique triangular Do not bend shape 59 sideways and outwards like a shovel until air under pressure flows against it from the inside. This creates an axially symmetrical swirl flow 57 (FIG. 8) in the housing body. The oil drain is indicated by streamlines 56 and 58.

In Fig. 9, the height-adjustable two-cranked and several times perforated holder 18 with the To see screws 16 that fixes the hole plate body 15 in the housing 1, not shown, in the Hold the center on screws 16 ″.

The F'ig. 4, 5, 6 u: * 'l 7 relate to the different filter versions and show representations on a reduced scale of the oil bath air filter. Like FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows, in a basic version, on the outer housing jacket 39, the oil inlet opening 41 and the outlet opening 42 and the cleaning openings 61 for removing the dust sludge. As the streamlines show, this oil bath air filter is designed to suck in freely at the bottom.

FIG. 5 is the same oil bath filter design as in FIG. 4, but as a closed one that does not suck in freely Passage system 40 between the tubes 22 ″ and 45, formed with a lower one optional cylindrical nozzle 44 or with a conical funnel-shaped nozzle 43 as a transition piece to Flange connection 62 for a flange connection with an angled pipe 45, for example.

Fig. 6 is an oil bath air filter 46 sucking freely from the bottom with a built-in Axiaiwirbei Leiischaufci preseparator system 34 for coarse dust separation with the slot distance 60 to the upper funnel body 34 for the purpose of centrifugal separation of dry matter Dust or sand 47 that can be removed from openings 52. This function arises automatically at the air inlet 55, by causing the dust air mixture to rotate through the guide vane system 7 is displaced, the centrifuged dust being thrown in the slot 60 over the edge of the funnel body 34 and is then deposited in the cavity 47 of the funnel 34 without being whirled up.

In Fig. 7, the oil bath air filter 48 is different from the figure. 5 only with an additional coarse dust pre-separator 34 on the dust air or Equipped suction side, which essentially consists of the funnel body according to FIG. 3 and with the function according to 6 with parts 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 34 and the angular steel ring part welded to the funnel body 34 6, which can be used in the housing bodies of all figures. This includes funnel-shaped nozzle 50 with a flange or pipe connection 62 and the example Associated tube 51 which opens into a concrete channel or ends in a tube 53 which is in the Earth can be let in.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1.Dust separator for cleaning dusty air with fluctuating air throughput for the pressure or suction side operation, consisting of angular or round housings with built-in disc-shaped or cylindrical filter layers, in each of which a centrifuging or swirling device is provided that the air flow to be cleaned and centrifuged passes through an oil bath and, after wetting and intensive contact with the filter layers, releases the cleaned air back into the exhaust air flow, characterized in that an axially and coaxially flowed through, in the installation height and in the adjustment area (54) on supports (11) vertically displaceable ( 10), (12) oil bath air filter housing (1) in the lower rain-protected air intake area (55) is provided with an enlarged egg dimension, formed by an outwardly cranked (5), inside air-permeable hollow cylindrical (4) at the end conically widened simply arranged or two-fold ch funnel body (34) connected one behind the other in the axial direction of the housing, which, if necessary, serves to accommodate an axial vortex-guide vane system (7) and / or a screen wire mesh cover (8) (3) on the inside with a truncated cone (36), at least three points in the filter housing (1) with holders (18), height-adjustable (18a) suspended sheet metal body (15) is partly placed over it from the outside, the occasional perforated circumferential edge ( 29) and (37) attached to the perforated sheet metal body (15) and on its underside an endlessly circumferential, cylindrical, flexible, oil-resistant apron (31), occasionally provided with vertical slots (32), always at two points on the circumference between the slots (32) together with a lower attached perforated ring (39) is arranged thereon, so that an obliquely outwardly directed triangular lobe opening (32), caused by the air storm passed through, is created, which sets in motion a centrifuging, axially symmetrical swirling movement (57) of the dust air (55) and the oil bath surface (Ie), the dust air mixed with the oil to an overlying of upright rolled up Labyrinth sheet and diagonally corrugated metal wire mesh existing disc filter layer cartridge (19a, 19b, 20) is brought up to which the washing or dust-laden excess oil (56) by centripetal force-induced reversal of the twist energy against the air flow in the area of the cone shape and the perforations (29) the inner outer wall of the oil bath air filter housing (1) is forced to flow back into the lower oil wetting agent bath (58) due to gravity. 2. Dust separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferably cylindrical perforated plate body (15) has an upper pointed cone (3) and an inner downwardly facing smaller truncated cone (36), both of which together on a circumferential laterally broken (29) flat steel ring (37) are welded and on the circumference of which at least three double-cranked flat steel holders (18) can be fastened by screws (16a) , which in turn each have a row of bores (18a) arranged one above the other for adjustment purposes and each have an upper bore for the screw fastening (16) .