DE2611781A1 - MEASURING DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DISPLACEMENT OF ONE BODY RELATIVE TO A SECOND - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. Curt Wallach Dipl.-Ing. Günther Koch Dipl.-Phys. Dr Tino Haibach Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Feldkamp

D-8000 Munich 2 Kaufingerstraße 8 Telephone (0 89) 24 02 75 Telex 5 29 513 wakai d

Date: March 19, 1976

Our reference: ^ 454 _

Rolls-Royce (I97I) Limited - London (England)

Measuring device for measuring the displacement of one body relative to a second

The invention relates to displacement measuring apparatus and, more particularly, to displacement measuring apparatus employing the Indicates displacement in three coordinate directions.

Displacement measuring devices are already known which indicate the displacement in three coordinate directions. The usage However, due to their construction, such measuring devices are limited and they are only able to only measure the at any moment Display displacement in one or at most in two directions.

According to the invention, an offset measuring device is provided, which can be attached to the movable head of a milking machine or a machine that is performing a measurement should and is characterized in that a measuring body and a probe are provided, the latter in three perpendicular superimposed coordinate directions relative to the Measuring body is movable, with three independent displacement sensors interacting with the probe and an indication of the position.

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of the probe in the three coordinate directions relative to the body.

The probe is preferably attached to the measuring body via a bearing arrangement attached, wherein the probe is attached on the one hand to the bearing arrangement, and the bearing arrangement in turn of the measuring body is worn.

The bearing arrangement is carried by the measuring body preferably via means that allow relative movement between the bearing arrangement and allowing the body and accordingly between the probe and the body in a first direction.

The means for holding the bearing arrangements on the measuring body can consist of a group of leaf springs.

The probe is preferably fixed on the bearing assembly by means that allow relative movement between the probe and allow the bearing assembly in a second and a third direction that are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the first direction of movement of the bearing arrangement are relative to the measuring body.

The means that allow relative movement between the probe and the bearing assembly, consist of two joints, one of which is the probe and an intermediate body and the other connects the intermediate body and the bearing assembly. The two joints are arranged so that their pivot axes perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the first direction of movement the bearing arrangement are relative to the measuring body.

Instead, the means for causing relative movement between the probe and the bearing assembly can be comprised of two groups of There are leaf springs, with a group of leaf springs the

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Probe and an intermediate body and the second group connects the intermediate body to the bearing arrangement, the two groups of leaf springs are arranged such that the planes in which the first group lies perpendicular to the planes in which the second group lies and likewise perpendicular to the first direction of movement of the bearing arrangement relative to the measuring body.

The displacement measuring device can be linear displacement transducers have, each of which is arranged so that their outputs the position of the probe relative to the measuring body in a coordinate direction.

The displacement measuring device can be equipped with radio transmission to provide the outputs of the linear displacement transducers to a remote radio receiver.

The remote radio receiver can use the outputs of the Represent linear displacement transducers.

According to a further feature of the invention, a method to measure the x, y and ζ coordinates of an object to be measured on the following stages: It becomes the object to be measured touched with a displacement meter, and an electrical signal is generated at the same time, which the x, y and ζ Coordinates of the device when there is contact, that these signals are converted into radio signals, and that these transmit radio signals to a remote location and that the radio signals In a record can be converted showing the x, y and ζ coordinates is equivalent to.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:

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Pig. 1 is a partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of a displacement measuring device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the bearing and the probe of the displacement measuring device according to FIG

3 shows a view in the direction of arrow A according to FIG

Fig. 4 is a partially sectioned side view of a second embodiment of a displacement measuring device according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a view in the direction of arrow B according to FIG. 4;

6 shows a view in the direction of arrow C according to FIG. 4;

7 shows a section of the displacement measuring device according to FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of part of FIG Displacement measuring device according to FIG. 4;

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an electronic circuit used in conjunction with the displacement meter of the present invention is usable.

According to Figure 1, the displacement measuring device 10 has a housing in which by means of two parallel leaf springs 13 a Bearing structure 12 is carried. This bearing structure 12 rests on the leaf springs 13 in such a way that it is shown in FIG can move in the vertical direction with respect to the housing 11.

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The bearing structure 12 is biased downward (according to Figure 1) by a compression spring 14, which the bearing structure 12 with the Housing 11 connects. The movement of the bearing assembly 12 is downwardly limited by contact with the base 15 of the housing, while the upward movement is limited by a stop 16 which is provided on the inner wall of the housing 11.

The distance that the bearing assembly 12 moves relative to the housing 11 is determined by the output of the linear displacement transducer 17 indicated, the coil 18 or its core 19 on Housing 11 and are attached to the bearing structure 12.

The bearing assembly 12 consists of a primary frame 20 and a Secondary frame 21. The secondary frame 21 is partially enclosed by the primary frame 20 and is at 22 with it pivotally connected. A probe 25 is in turn pivotable hinged at 24 within the secondary frame 21 and is partially enclosed by this secondary frame. The swivel axes the probe 23 of the secondary frame 21 and the primary frame 20 are perpendicular to one another, specifically in the manner of cardan axes, so that the probe 23 extends in two perpendicular to one another Directions can be deflected.

Since the bearing assembly 12 is vertically opposite the housing 11 Can move over the leaf springs 13, the probe 23 is accordingly able to move in three mutually perpendicular directions.

The probe 23 is designed with an L-shaped cross section Section 24 'provided and hereby carries the core 25 of the Linear displacement transducer 26. The coil 27 of transducer 26 is arranged on the secondary frame 21 so that the output of the transducer 26 is the pivot position of the probe 23 relative to the

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Secondary frame 21 indicates.

Two compression springs 28 and 29 connect the section 24 and the secondary frame 21 so that the probe 23 opposite the Secondary frame 21 is biased in a position in which the probe 23 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the coil 27 lies. Stops (not shown) limit the pivoting movement of the probe 23 with respect to the secondary frame 21.

The secondary frame 21 is provided with an arm 30 which the Core 31 of a linear transducer 32 carries. The coil 33 of the linear transducer 32 is mounted on the primary frame 20 so that the Output of the transducer 32 indicates the pivot position of the secondary frame with respect to the primary frame 20.

The two compression springs 33 ^! and 34 connect the secondary frame 21 to the primary frame 20 in such a way that the secondary frame 21 is pretensioned into a central position with respect to the primary frame 20, as shown in the drawing. Stops 35 limit the pivoting movement of the secondary frame 21 with respect to the primary frame 20.

In Figure 4, the Verehiebungsmessvorriehtung is indicated generally at 36, and it has individual parts that according to the purpose with individual parts of the displacement measuring device 10 are the same. In the following description, the reference numerals are these components are marked with an a.

The displacement measuring device 36 consists of a housing 11a, in which a bearing structure 12a is supported via two parallel leaf springs 13a. The bearing structure 12a is made up of the leaf springs 13a worn so that it is shown in Figure 4 in the horizontal direction can move relative to the housing 11a. The movement of the bearing structure 12a to the left (again according to FIG. 4) is carried out

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a stop 37 is limited, while the movement to the right is limited by a stop on the converter housing 38. Of the Bearing structure 12a is biased to the left according to Figure 4 by a compression spring 14a, which the bearing structure 12a and the Converter housing 38 connects.

The bearing assembly 12a has a primary frame 20a and a secondary frame 21a, through a second group of parallel Springs 39 are connected .. The leaf springs 39 are arranged so that the planes in which they lie, perpendicular to the There are levels in which the leaf springs 13a are located. As a result, the secondary frame 21a can move relative to the primary frame 20a move in a direction, which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the primary frame 20a extends relative to the housing 11a.

The secondary frame 21a is attached to a tertiary frame 40 by means of a third group of leaf springs 41. The levels in which the leaf springs 41 extend, are perpendicular to the Levels in which both the leaf springs 39 and the leaf springs 13a lie. As a result, the tertiary frame 30 can move relative to the secondary frame 21a in a direction which runs perpendicular to the direction of movement of the secondary frame 21a relative to the primary frame 20a. The manner, in which the secondary frame 21a is connected to the tertiary frame 40 can be seen more clearly from FIG.

The tertiary frame 40 is accordingly in three mutually perpendicular planes x, y and ζ relative to the housing 11a (FIG 8) movable.

A probe carrier 42 is equipped with a flange 43, (Figure 6) with which it is attached to the tertiary frame 40. The probe carrier 42 is provided with an internally threaded section 44 (FIG 7) equipped with a probe similar to that of

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23 shown in Figures 1 and 2, receives. The actual probe, which can be fixed in the probe carrier 42, is omitted for clarity. Since the probe carrier 42 is attached to the tertiary frame 40, it follows that both the Probe carrier 42 as well as each probe attached to it in three mutually perpendicular planes relative to the housing 11a is movable.

The primary frame 20a supports the core 31a of a linear displacement transducer 32a (Figure 5). The coil 33a of the transducer 32a is on Secondary frame 21a fixed in the converter housing 45 so that the Output of the transducer 32a indicates the position of the secondary frame 21a relative to the primary frame 20a.

In the same way, the tertiary frame 40 carries the core 25a of the Linear displacement converter 26a (Figure 4). The coil 27a of the transducer 26a is fixed to the secondary frame 21a so that the Output of the transducer 26a indicates the position of the tertiary frame 40 relative to the secondary frame 21a.

Accordingly, the three linear displacement converters 17a, 32a provide and 26a an indication of the position of the probe carrier 42, and accordingly of the probe carried thereby in three perpendiculars to one another standing coordinate directions, relative to the housing 11a.

In order to achieve a reproducible start-up position for the probe carrier 42 each frame, i.e. the primary frame and the secondary frame and the tertiary frame is equipped with means, to return the frame to a known starting position after it has been deflected from its intended direction of movement became. In this case, the primary frame 20a is in its start-up position when it comes into contact with the stop 37 stands. As mentioned, the primary frame 20a is brought into contact with the stop 37 by the compression spring 14a.

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The means for returning the secondary and tertiary frames 21a and 40 to a defined starting position can be made from Figure 5 can be read. The converter housing 45, which is supported by the secondary frame 21a, is provided with a first Approach 46 is provided on which two parallel, spaced apart leaf springs 47 are screwed, of which only one is shown in FIG. Another on the primary frame 20a arranged extension 48 is dimensioned so that it between the free ends of the leaf springs 47 and in contact with these stands. As a result, each movement of the secondary frame 21a relative to the primary frame 20a leads depending on Direction of movement to the fact that one of the leaf springs 47 through the second approach 48 is deflected. When the force that controls the relative movement between the primary and secondary frames 20a and 21a is caused to be removed, then the deflected leaf spring 47 guides the primary and secondary frames 20a and 21a back to their relative starting positions.

The tertiary frame 40 is provided with a third extension 49, on which a second pair of leaf springs 50 is screwed. The leaf springs 50 are similar to the leaf springs 47, and they are mounted in the same way but arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the leaf springs 47 are arranged. A fourth extension 51 is arranged on the converter housing 45 so that it comes to lie between the free ends of the leaf springs 50, and touches them. The interaction between the leaf springs 50 and the fourth extension 51 is similar to the interaction between the leaf springs 47 and the second approach 48. As a result leads to a removal of the force in the event of a relative movement between the secondary frame 21a and the tertiary frame 40 to the fact that the deflected leaf spring 50, the secondary frame and the tertiary frame 21a or 40 returns to its initial position.

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It is occasionally necessary to fix the probe carrier 42 in one or two directions, if in these Directions no movement is expected. The mechanism for locking the probe carrier 42 in one or two Directions can be seen from FIG. The probe carrier 42 includes a cylindrical plunger 42 having an end portion 53 with reduced diameter. The end portion 53 lies in a corresponding hole 54 which is in the first approach 46 of the converter housing 45 is provided. Since the probe carrier 42 is attached to the tertiary frame 40, there is a relative movement between the tertiary frame 40 and the secondary frame 21a prevented when the end portion 53 of the plunger in the hole 54 of the plunger 52 rests in the hole 54. A Hand lever 55, which is provided on the plunger 52, enables engagement with the first projection 51

The plunger 52 has two parallel flat areas 56 provided that are adjacent to diametrically opposite lying holes 57 in the probe carrier 42 run. In each A ball 58 is arranged in the holes 57. The through hole 59 * is arranged in the primary frame 20a for the probe carrier 42 is, has sufficiently large dimensions to allow relative movement between the probe carrier 52 and the housing. The plunger 52 is rotated by the hand lever 55 so that the flats 56 are no longer adjacent to the holes 57 so that the ball 58 engages the primary frame 20a, causing relative movement between the primary frame 20a and the tertiary frame 40 is prevented.

It follows from this that it is possible to have primary frames and tertiary frames 20a or 40 and primary frames or secondary frames 20a or 21a to be locked either independently or in combination.

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The outputs of the linear displacement transducers 18, 26 and 32 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and the transducers 18a, 26a and 32a in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 13 represent discrete frequency bands that are in a mixer stage 60 are mixed before they are fed to a high-frequency radio transmitter 61 which has a transmitting antenna 62.

The mixer 60 of the transmitter 61 and the antenna 62 as well as batteries for feeding this electronic system can expediently be grown in the first embodiment on the housing 11, and in the second embodiment on the Housing lla · The signal emitted by the transmitter 61 is transmitted through a remote receiver 63 received, the one Antenna 64 has. The receiver 63 decodes the signal by means of bandpass filters into three separate frequency signals, the then treated further and a stage 65 in the form of digital measurements of the three-directional movement of the probe 23 or the probe in the probe carrier 42 are presented.

The displacement measuring devices 10 and 10a can be used in a numerically controlled machine to measure a workpiece to be inspected during a sequence of operations. The displacement measuring device 10 or 10a is arranged on the tool magazine of the machine so that it is from the movable Machine head is scanned automatically, like a normal tool, with an inspection of the workpiece through Contact between workpiece and probe 23 can be achieved.

Instead, the displacement measuring devices 10 and 10a can be used in a machine specially built for the purpose of inspection can be used in which a movable head is provided to which the measuring device can be attached.

Patent claims:

B Π 9 8 A 2/0 8 8 3

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS Displacement measuring device, in particular for attachment to the movable head of a measuring machine or a machine that allows a measurement between a body and a probe, which moves relative to the body, characterized in, that the probe (23) in three mutually perpendicular coordinate directions relative to the Measuring body 11 is displaceable, and that three independent displacement display devices (18, 26, 32) are provided, which are connected to the probe (23) cooperate, and an indication of the position of the probe (23) in the three directions relative to the Deliver body (11). 2. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the probe (23) is carried by the body (11) via a bearing structure (12), and that the probe (23) is mounted on the bearing structure (12) which in turn is carried by the body (11). 3. Measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the bearing structure (12) is fixed on the body (11) by means (13) which allow relative movement between the bearing structure (12) and the body (11) in a first direction. UH83 4. Measuring device according to claim 3 *
characterized in that the means (13) which support the bearing structure (12) from the body (11) consist of a group of leaf springs. 5. Measuring device according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that the probe (23) is carried on the bearing structure (12) via means (20-21) which allow relative movement allow between the probe (23) and the bearing structure (12) in second and third directions, the perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the first direction of movement of the bearing structure (12) relative to the Body (11) run. 6. Measuring device according to claim 5 »
characterized in that the means (20-21), which enable a relative movement between the probe (23) and the bearing structure (12), consist of two joints (22, 24), of which one joint (24) supports the probe (23 ) with an intermediate body (21) and the other joint (22) connects the intermediate body (21) to the bearing structure (12), and that the two joints (22, 24) are arranged so that their pivot axes are perpendicular to each other and to the first Direction of movement of the bearing structure (12) run relative to the body. 7. Measuring device according to claim 5,
characterized in that the means which enable relative movement between the probe (23) and the bearing structure (12a) consist of two groups of leaf springs (39 * 41), 609842/0883 of which one group (41) connects the probe (23) with an intermediate member (21a), and the other group (39) the intermediate member (21a) with the bearing structure (12a) whereby the two groups of leaf springs (39, 41) are arranged so that the planes in which the first group (41) lies, runs perpendicular to the planes in which the second group (39) lies, and also perpendicular to the first direction of movement of the bearing structure (12a) relative to the body. 8. Measuring device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that a displacement display device (18, 26 and 32), which consists of linear displacement transducers, each of which is arranged so as to that the output indicates the position of the probe (23) relative to the body (11) in a coordinate direction. 9. Measuring device according to claim 8,
characterized in that the decomposition display device (18, 26 and 32) is provided with a radio transmitter (61) which transmits the output of the linear transducers (18, 26, 32) to a remote radio receiver (63). 10. Measuring device according to claim 9 *
characterized in that the remote radio receiver is equipped with means (65) which represent the output of the linear displacement transducers (18, 26 and 32). 609842/0883 11. Procedure for measuring the x, y, and ζ coordinates the movement of an object, characterized in that that the object to be measured is touched with a ■ displacement sensor according to claims 1 to 10, that at the same time an electrical signal is generated, which each of the x, y and ζ coordinates of the Measuring device represents, when this contact takes place, that these signals are converted into point signals and transmitted to a remote recipient and are represented there as x, y and ζ coordinates. 609842/0883