DE2605879A1 - SURFACE MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

Surface covering materials

The invention "relates to the manufacture of surface covering materials including "for example materials for floor coverings, wall coverings and covering materials for shelves, Work surfaces, etc.

Polyvinyl chloride surface covering materials are well known, the term "polyvinyl chloride" as used herein applies, includes both yinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers. These surface covering materials can be produced in a variety of ways. For example, one can use calendering equipment Manufacture polyvinyl chloride sheets or sheets and finally process them into a laminate, so that one surface covering materials receives. According to another method, polyvinyl chloride plastisols are applied to a substrate, after which the plastisol is converted into the gel state and whereupon additional polyvinyl chloride layers are added, if desired can apply until surface covering materials of adequate thickness are obtained. Such surface covering

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ORIGINAL

-2- 2 6 Π 5 8 7 9

However, materials often have the i disadvantage of standing up or curling of corners and dimensional instability. To compensate for such disadvantages, layers of polyvinyl chloride material can be applied to both sides of the substrate, creating a balance between the material on each side of the substrate, as described, for example, in British Patent 1,029,085.

Purely for certain purposes, especially in the case of flooring materials, it is desirable to incorporate a foamed polyvinyl chloride material into the surface covering to make a product with increased thickness, which is elastic and shows good riding behavior. It is therefore known to use floor covering materials, which contain a foamed layer to be produced by being calendered or by Lighter polyvinyl chloride layers formed by polyvinyl chloride plastic oils Incorporates heat-activated blowing agents and causes foaming through the decomposition of these blowing agents. However, it has been found that if you have a foamed polyvinyl chloride layer in the surface covering material those mentioned in the aforementioned British patent Art incorporated, surface covering materials of excessive thickness can be obtained because of the aforementioned Need to strike a balance between the material on both sides of the substrate when rolling Corners and dimensional instability should be avoided.

In accordance with the present invention, it has now been found that foamed surface covering materials can be obtained with desirable Properties can be obtained if instead of applying a foamable resin composition as a separate layer on a nonwoven substrate covered with a nonwoven foamed resin composition can be impregnated, the Substrate impregnated with a foamable resin composition.

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Thus, according to a feature of the invention, a method for Creation of foamed surface covering materials, that selected the stages of impregnation of at least Zoning a nonwoven substrate with at least one foamable bath composition through at least one substantial one Part of the thickness of the substrate and then causing the foamable resin composition (s) to expand includes.

According to a further feature of the present invention there is provided a foamed surface covering material comprising a comprises non-woven substrate, this substrate at least in some of its zones with foamed resinous material is impregnated.

The non-woven substrate used is preferably a non-woven glass fiber, such non-woven fabric in general both in the wet-laid "wet laid" as well as in the dry-made "dry laid" ("dry laid") form is available. It is convenient to use a non-woven substrate that is as flat and even Final treatment (finish) as possible and therefore be advantageously used wet-made glass fleeces. Is the non-woven substrate using a thermosetting binder bound, which is generally the case with non-woven glass substrates, the thermosetting binder must be used in the temperatures to be used subsequently be stable, e.g. B. during the heat treatment to achieve the foaming of the foamable resin composition. It is important that the substrate have a sufficiently open matrix to allow impregnation with the foamable resin composition. As for the thickness, the substrate is suitably sufficient thick to provide adequate strength for easy handleability, and in the case of non-woven glass, it is preferred to

to use a fleece that weighs at least 30 g / m 2, whereby Nonwovens with 30 to 100 g / m, advantageously 35 to 70 g / m and

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in particular 50 to 60 g / m 2 are particularly preferred.

If desired, the substrate can be a total impregnation with a single foamable resin composition. However, according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention only selected portions of the substrate with a foamable resin composition im-

man
impregnated while / impregnating other zones with a non-foamable resin composition and / or one or more other foamable resin compositions having foaming characteristics different from the former foamable resin composition. So kb'E.: Aes_, two or more resin compositions are applied, at least one such composition being foamable. By the selective application of resin compositions, surface covering materials with textural effects can be obtained.

The foamable and non-foamable resin compositions are preferably polyvinyl chloride plastic oils.

The amount of the applied foamable resin composition is advantageously sufficient for the impregnation of at least 50 preferably at least 75 fo _f f ° and in particular 95 to 100 $ of the thickness of the nonwoven substrate. Thus, the portion of the nonwoven substrate that is not impregnated is in a sense excess material for the purposes of the present invention. In the case of glass fleece, for example 50

p p

to 60 g / m 2, it is necessary to apply 300 to 700 g / m 2 of foamable resin composition in order to achieve an impregnation of at least 95 ° of the thickness of the substrate. In order to apply such amounts of foamable composition to selected areas of the substrate, the application is expediently carried out by means of the technique of rotary screen printing. In this printing method, the foamable resin composition is passed through a rotating cylindrical metal screen

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printed into the substrate. The pattern is made either by covering it of sieve surfaces, e.g. B. using a cross-linkable lacquer or alternatively by making a screen manufactured, which has a mezz instead of an overall network, which is itself in the shape of the desired pattern with other surfaces of the screen that do not have mesh holes. After the selective impregnation, it is generally desirable the foamable resin composition in the gel state transfer at a temperature insufficient to foam the composition.

After having chosen an initial foamable composition Has applied areas of the substrate, it is possible, if desired, one or more further foamable compositions to apply to other surfaces of the substrate, in turn suitably by rotary screen printing techniques followed by heating to effect gelation. So it's done Use of different foamable compositions, which expand to different degrees when heated, possible, Manufacture end products with texture effects without not to use foamable compositions.

In general, however, it is preferred, after the application of one or more foamable compositions, to apply and fill a substantially non-foamable resin composition and so impregnate the areas of the substrate that were not previously impregnated with foamable composition or compositions and also the surface of the impregnated substrate on the side that is to face upward in the finished surface covering material. Again, the amount of non-foamable resin composition applied is advantageously sufficient to impregnate at least $ 50, preferably at least $ 75, and more preferably from 95 to 100 % of the thickness of the nonwoven substrate. If desired, sufficient may not be

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2605873

foamable resin composition not only, for filling, but also applied to create an overall surface layer covering the surface of previously applied foamable resin composition.

Such a total surface shows when transferring into the Gel state by means of a hot casting roller a very smooth flat surface which is very suitable for a printed one Layer, in particular a layer printed in gravure printing to accept.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the filling of non-foamable composition using conventional application techniques be applied, e.g. Using a doctor blade or air knife, or by rotary screen printing equipment with a sieve that is entirely meshed. The filling of non-foamable composition is then converted into the gel state, preferably by means of a hot casting or forming roller.

In an alternative method of applying the filling non-foamable Resin composition which is an alternative Embodiment of the present invention creates, the Impregnating the non-foamable composition by pressing the partially impregnated substrate into a layer of the causes non-foamable composition. In practicing this method, it is generally preferred to do so in part impregnated substrate on the layer of non-foamable composition with the surface on which the foamable composition is placed Tung (s) was applied on top, so applied that the non-foamable composition into the substrate is absorbed from the side opposite to that to which the foamable composition is applied became. This can expediently be achieved by converting the partially impregnated substrate into a layer

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2 6 [J 5 8 7

non-foamable resin composition. It is important, that the non-foamable composition essentially completes the impregnation of the substrate, as much as possible to exclude a lot of air from the substrate. The layer of non-foamable composition into which the partially impregnated Substrate is pressed, e.g. B. by stretching over a roller, can, if desired, from a preformed one Plastic sheets are carried, for example by a calendered Polyvinyl chloride sheet, whereupon, after subsequent gel formation, the preformed sheet is bonded to the substrate and serves as a reinforcement (backing) for this. Alternatively, the layer of non-foamable composition of a loose substrate, with excess non-foamable composition adhering to the Substrate sticks, can form a reinforcement (backing).

To convert the resin composition to the gel state, For example, the substrate may be passed over a hot casting or forming roll, using any resin composition that may be applied to the Surface adheres, is formed into a smooth flat surface.

The surface of the impregnated nonwoven substrate to which the foamable resin composition is applied should desirably upward in the final product. In general, with surface covering materials, it is desirable to have a To create patterns on the material, and it is also often desirable to have a protective layer. . apply to durability improve the characteristics of the product. To a To create an end product with an attractive appearance it is often advantageous to ensure that the surface of the impregnated non-woven substrate to which a printed pattern is applied and, if desired, a protective layer applied is as flat and free of imperfections as possible. When described above according to the invention

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This can be done by applying an overall leveling method Overlay over the surface of both foamable and non-foamable compositions with subsequent transfer can be achieved in the gel state; any desired pattern can then be applied to the surface of the leveling Coating can be applied. However, this method involves additional coating and gelling operations that make the manufacturing cost of the product more expensive. It is therefore preferred during the gelation step following application the non-foamable composition, a surface that is as flat as possible has been created and it has been shown that in the case of gel formation according to a special method (which is an important feature of the present invention) surface covering materials of attractive appearance can be achieved without it is necessary to apply a leveling coating separately.

Thus includes that used advantageously in accordance with the present invention Gelation method the contact of the impregnated substrate after filling the non-foamable composition, with the surface of a heated roller, preferably using a buckling roller system, the surface of the impregnated substrate onto which the foamable composition is applied was applied, and which should be directed upwards in the end product, leveled with progressive gel formation and is smoothed.

The heated surface of the roller expediently consists of a smooth metal surface. Becomes the partially impregnated substrate pressed into a layer of non-foamable composition, In order to effect the filling, it is possible to use a kink system with a heating roller, which makes the impregnation the non-foamable composition and gel formation the non-foamable composition that. so applied, can be effected at the same time.

As discussed, it is generally desirable to create a pattern on the final surface of the facing material. One method of creating such a pattern is to use pigmented foamable and non-foamable Compositions. When this is done, the surface of the impregnated substrate becomes the non-foamable composition, as described above, leveled and a transparent "protective layer is in front subsequent heating to cause the expansion of the foamable composition applied, whereby a product can be obtained in which a pattern in accordance (register) with the texture effect obtained due to the expansion of the foamed composition is obtained.

Another method of creating a pattern involves printing on the surfaces of the foamable composition impregnated Material or on the gelled, leveled surface of the fully impregnated substrate. Such printing can conveniently be done by rotary screen printing or gravure printing techniques, although other printing techniques such as for example, woodcut or handprint can be used if desired. The applied pattern can be consistent (Register) with any texture effect caused by the subsequent foaming of the foamable resin composition is achieved. In general, it is preferred to have an overall transparent protective layer on top of the assembly to apply. The durability layer is in both Cases conveniently created by a polyvinyl chloride composition and is preferably used as a polyvinyl chloride plastisol applied, although preformed calendered films can be used if desired. The thickness of the protection— ' layer is expediently 0.1 to 1.0 mm.

Bach the order of the protective layer can the arrangement be heated to cause foaming.

A "particular advantage of the method according to the invention lies in having relatively thin floor coverings or other surface covering materials can produce, which still have the properties that are usually with thicker and more expensive Materials go hand in hand. For example, it is with flooring materials that are made of a non-woven substrate and a foamed resin layer applied to this substrate, as explained above, is usually necessary balancing these materials on both sides of the substrate when curling corners and the dimensional instability should be avoided. Therefore, it is unclear a flooring material, a substrate, a foamed composition on the substrate, and a. Protective layer. on the foamed composition, there will usually be a substantial thickness of the equilibrium material on the underside of the substrate is necessary. Using the present invention, the impregnated material need only have one. Durability or protective layer on its upper surface so that any leveling reinforcement layer, which is formed on the underside of the substrate need only be of relatively small thickness. The combination of the substrate and the foamed layer makes one layer of the final product compared with products that have a separate foamed Have layer, dispensable. In addition, it has It has been shown that non-woven substrates and in particular glass fleeces have sufficient strength and stabilization properties. maintain shafts despite having a foamable composition are impregnated, which is then foamed, so that surface covering materials are obtained that adequate strength and an exceptional prostitute— sion stability when in relatively thin surface covering materials be incorporated. In fact, it has been found that the foam-impregnated substrate is a solid, elastic Gives the product what is believed to be a particularly desirable property of the present invention

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Products represents, whereas the presence of the non-woven Matrix "at or near the protective layer supports the protective layer and thus gives the protective layer a tangible hardness. For example, flooring materials with an overall thickness from 1.2 to 1.5 mm, comprising a foamed layer substantially not having the slope have for wave formation and which have good strength and dimensional stability, produced according to the invention will. In fact, the thickness of such a flooring material can, if desired, be below 1.2 mm, for example up to can be decreased down to 1 mm or less and enlarged to 2.5 mm or more.

If necessary, as described above, leveling reinforcement layers can be made using a non-foamable one Calendered film bearing the composition are provided to fill the partially impregnated substrate, whereby the calendered film in the subsequent gel formation is bound to the substrate. Alternatively, a strengthening (or backing) layer can be applied afterwards, either by thermal or adhesive lamination, in the form of a preformed calendered sheet or by coating with a resin composition followed by gelation using infrared heating devices or contact with a heated roller. Other possibilities include the use of hot melt compositions, thermoplastic Low molecular weight polypropylene compositions, acrylic plastic emulsion compositions, and the like.

If a surface covering material according to the invention consists of a foamed layer with an incorporated non-woven Substance, a protective layer (wear layer) and a reinforcing layer (backing layer), it can be seen that the reinforcing layer should preferably form at least the "balance" with the protective layer. So are both those

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Protective layer as well as the reinforcement layer made of PolyTiny1 chloride materials, so the reinforcement layer should be thicker than the protective layer. Are generally polyvinyl chloride protective layers Provided with a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, reinforcing layers of more suitable are expedient Thickness in the range of 0.25 "to 1.2 minutes used.

The "foamable" used in the process of the invention and non-foamable resin compositions are preferably polyvinyl chloride plastisols and should have such viscosities have that the desired impregnation of the substrate is achieved. Such polyvinyl chloride plastisols can, for example in addition to polyvinyl chloride resin, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, viscosity modifiers, volatile additives and pigments along with in the case of the foamable compositions, a blowing agent and Activators or starters for the propellant included.

The polyvinyl chloride introduced into the plastisol can be a homopolymer or a copolymer, copolymers being advantageous have a major proportion of units derived from vinyl chloride. Other copolymerized monomers that in which copolymers can be incorporated as required, include, for example, vinyl acetate and vinylidene chloride. In the case of rotary screen printing compositions, the Particle size of the polymer used is important as the polymer particles and filler particles easily pass through the to the Rotary screen used for printing have to go. Particle shape can also be important in achieving a plastisol composition with the best possible viscosity characteristics for rotary screen printing. In general, the particle shape should be be chosen so that the pseudoplastic character of the plastisol is increased. A polyvinyl chloride polymer, that can be used advantageously for the formulation of plastisols for rotary screen printing is that under the

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Known trade name "Vipla PM".

The plasticizers used in polyvinyl chloride plastisols or plasticizers for rotary screen printing are appropriate phthalate plasticizers, for example lionyl, octyl, butyl, Butylbenzyl and dialphanyl phthalates. Phosphates (e.g. Trixylyl or Trixylenyl and Tricresy! Phosphate), adipates and sebacates can also be used as plasticizers, for example.

In general it is necessary to put in a lot of the plastisols to incorporate a stabilizer, i.e. a substance that can do this is suitable to delay the decomposition of the resin during compounding and the subsequent exposure to light.

Preference is given to choosing a stabilizer which also has the property of decomposing the propellant in one to bring about a narrower temperature range. Such a stabilizer is referred to below as a "stabilizer kicker". Dibasic lead phthalate is a suitable stabilizer kicker and other substances that can be used include certain other lead-containing compounds, certain organotin compounds and certain metallic soaps, in particular Stearates of metals such as zinc, cadmium, barium and aluminum.

The blowing agent incorporated into the foamable plastisol is generally an organic substance that releases nitrogen when heated. Substances that are expedient can be used as blowing agents, decompose within a relatively narrow temperature range. A special one a suitable propellant for use in the process according to the invention is azodicarbonamide.

Fillers can be included in the plastisols as optional ingredients

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be incorporated. Various inert inorganic Substances are used as fillers, the most convenient calcium carbonate, e.g. B. in the form of chalk, precipitated chalk or precipitated lime, ground limestone and ground! dolomite.

There can also be viscosity modifiers as required incorporated to the viscosity characteristics to influence the plastisols, taking hexylene glycol a Is an example of a viscosity modifier which can be suitably used.

Volatile additives can also be incorporated into the plastisols will. Examples of such additives are solvents such as white spirit (turpentine substitute), kerosene, Dodecyl benzene and low boiling esters.

Preferred plastisols for use according to the invention contain from 30 to 100 parts by weight of the polymer present per 100 parts by weight Plasticizer by weight, up to 5 parts by weight stabilizer, up to 10 parts by weight of propellant, up to 30 parts by weight, advantageously up to 15 parts by weight of fillers, up to 10 parts by weight Modifier for viscosity and up to 20 parts by weight of volatile additives.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made to the attached FIGS. 1 to 11 , which show schematic steps in the production of foamed surface covering materials according to two embodiments of the present invention. The accompanying Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the device for adhering a layer of resinous composition to a partially impregnated non-woven fabric.

FIG. 1 shows a glass fleece 1. In FIG. 2, selected parts of the fleece 1 from FIG. 1 mil; a foamable one

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Bath composition 2 impregnated. In Figure 3, parts of the Nonwoven fabrics 1, which have not been impregnated with the foamable resin composition 2, with a non-foamable resin composition 3 filled or filled, which also forms a leveling coating. In Figure 4, a decorative Pattern 4ä, 4b on the surface of the flat coating in line (Register) printed with the areas of the foamable composition. Pattern 4a was made over the foamable composition while the pattern 4b was being printed over the non-foamable areas. In Figure 5 was a protective layer 5 applied. FIG. 6 shows an arrangement after foaming. Finally, a reinforcement layer 6 is applied, as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 8, a plastisol 7 was applied to a calendered reinforcement 8 applied and the calendered reinforcement 8 and the substrate 2 were combined, with the plastisol 7 being an infill in the substrate 2 and forms a leveling layer 9 on the side of the substrate 2 that is on that of the reinforcement opposite side. In Figure 9, decorative patterns 4a, 4b were applied to the surface of the flat coating, such as printed in Figure 4. In FIG. 10, a protective layer 5 has been applied. FIG. 11 shows the arrangement after foaming.

Referring to Figure 12, there is a calendered PVC sheet 8, coated with PVC plastisol 7 along with a printed Glass fleece 2 guided under tension over a roller 10 and around a hot forming roller 11. The combined layer is then removed via a roller 12.

The following example serves to illustrate a textured foam flooring material using a substrate, im Consistent with the present invention.

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example

It became a foamable resin composition of the following Formulation made:

Weight 3 parts

PVC homopolymer - 100.0.

(degree suitable for paste formation)

Dialkyl 79 phthalate * 63.0

Hexylene glycol 3.0

Foam base mixture 13.0

Dialkyl phthalate with C ₇ -C 6 -alkyl parts The foam base mixture used in the present formulation was previously prepared as follows:

Parts by weight

Azodicarbonamide blowing agent 1.25

2-base lead phthalate 2.00 "

Titanium dioxide 4.00

Butyl benzyl phthalate 4.00

This foamable resin composition, in the form of a paste suitable for printing by rotary screen printing machines, is applied to a glass fiber fleece in predetermined areas at a coating density of 300 g / m 2. The coated substrate is then ^{dried to 140 °} C. by infrared heating, whereupon it is cooled in contact with a roller cooled with water.

The glass fiber fleece used as the substrate comprises glass fibers with an average diameter of 16 microns, which with a cross-linked urea-formaldehyde resin are bound. The total substance weight of the Ylies is 60 g / m 2.

A non-foamable resin composition of the following formulation is then produced:

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Parts by weight

PVC homopolymer 10O

(of the degree suitable for paste formation)

Dinony lphtiiala t 1 5

Butylbenzyl phthalate 25

Hexylene glycol 3

Bariumr-cadmium stabilizer 2.5

Epoxidized Soybean Oil 3.0

White Spirit 3.0

(Turpentine oil substitute)

Titanium dioxide 8.0

The non-foamable resin composition, which is in the form of an applicable paste, is applied as an overall coating to the printed non-woven glass mat by means of a doctor blade. This coating forms a filling in the surfaces of the glass fleece between the surfaces of the foamable print and forms a thin continuous layer over the entire surface. The coating density in the unprinted areas is about 300 g / m 2 and the coating thickness over the printed foam is about 0.1 mm. The coated / filled Tlies is then directed into an edge between a cooled with water, rubber-coated roll and a PTFE-coated steel roller, heated to 18O ⁰ C, is formed. The coated web is held in contact with the heated roller for at least 50% of its circumference.

The substrate is then placed on the coated surface with a suitable pattern in accordance (register) with the Areas of the printed foamable composition are printed using conventional rotogravure printing equipment and PVC printing inks used.

A third composition that helps create a transparent Protective layer is used with the following formulation

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Parts by weight

PVC homopolymer 100

Dinonyl phthalate 15

Butylbenzylphthala / b 25

Hexylene glycol ■ 3

Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer or 2.5

Epoxidized Sogabean Oil 3

White Spirit 3

(Turpentine oil substitute)

manufactured.

The third composition that comes in the form of a spreadable paste is present, is by means of a doctor blade as an overall coating with a Thickness applied over the surface of the engraving-printed layer of 0.2 mm.

The whole is heated in a hot air oven for about 2 minutes on 1SO ⁰ C to cause gelation of the plastisols and the expansion of the foamable composition. The assembly is then cooled.

Another non-foamable resin composition of the following formulation is then prepared:

Parts by weight

PVC homopolymer

(Degree of calendering)

Dioctyl phthalate Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Epoxidized soybean oil

Stearic acid 0.5 titanium dioxide

Iron oxide pigment 1

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This composition is compounded in an in-house mixer and calendered into a thin continuous film with a total thickness of 0.5 mm.

An adhesive or glue "based on a solution of Acrylonitrile rubber is applied to the side of the impregnated fleece using opposite roller coaters, which is opposite to the protective layer, as well as applied to one side of the calendered layer. Of the Glue is dried by passing the two layers through a hot air flame-proof oven before placing the two Brings layers together so that adhesive lies on adhesive, which is done by means of a pressure edge to effect the bond. It is then cooled and rolled up to form the end product.

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Claims (53)

Claims 1. Process for the production of foamed surface covering materials, characterized in that at least one selected Zoning a nonwoven substrate with at least one foamable resin composition through at least one impregnated substantial part of the thickness of the substrate and then the foamable resin composition or the foamable Resin compositions foams. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate is a non-woven glass fabric or a glass fleece used. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a wet-made or wet-laid glass fleece is used 4. The method according to claim 2 or 5 »characterized in that that one uses a glass fleece with a weight per unit area of at least 30 g / m 2. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a glass fleece with a weight per unit area of 30 to 100 g / m used. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that a glass fleece with a weight per unit area of 35 to 70 g / m used. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a glass fleece with a weight per unit area of ο
50 to 60 g / m used. 609836/0840 8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that that a substrate is used which is bonded by means of a suitable thermosetting binder. 9. The method according to any one of the Torhergoing claims, characterized in that the substrate is essentially one Total impregnation with a single foamable resin composition undergoes. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in, that selected areas of the substrate are impregnated with a first foamable resin composition, wherein leaving other zones that are not impregnated with the first foamable composition. IT. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that selectively at least some of the regions of the substrate that are not impregnated with the first foamable resin composition with one or more foamable resin compositions different from the first foamable resin composition Foaming characteristics are impregnated. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that substantially all of the zones of the substrate that are not with impregnated with a foamable resin composition are impregnated with a non-foamable resin composition. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the impregnation with the non-foamable composition is achieved by applying a layer of the non-foamable composition to the surface of the substrate which is based on is on the opposite side of the surface to which the foamable composition has been applied. 609836 / 084Q 14. .The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that that the layer of non-foamable composition is carried by a pre-formed plastic sheet, who is able to act on the To be bonded to the substrate and then forms a background or reinforcement layer for the substrate. 15. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that that a separate reinforcing layer is applied to one surface of the impregnated non-woven substrate is applied. 16. The method according to claim 15 »characterized in that a pre-formed calendered sheet is applied to the substrate in the form of a laminate by means of heat or adhesive, this sheet serving as a reinforcement layer. 17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a reinforcing layer by coating a surface of the substrate with a resin composition and then Gelation of this composition is applied. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resinous composition'bzw. the resinous compositions are applied so as to impregnate at least 50 percent of the thickness of the nonwoven substrate. 19- The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the resinous composition (s) are applied so that 95-100% of the thickness of the nonwoven substrate are impregnated. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the resinous composition is applied to a nonwoven glass fiber substrate in an amount of 300 to 700 g / m 2. 809836/0840 21. 'Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Harζverbindungen to selected Surfaces is applied by rotary screen printing. 22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a total-leveling coating
one surface of the impregnated nonwoven substrate is applied. 23 · The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the substrate with a non-foamable resin composition
is impregnated, the non-foamable resin composition being applied in such a way that, in addition, the overall leveling coating or the overall flat overall coating is formed. 24 · Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impregnated substrate with a heated roller ± n is brought into contact, whereby the transfer of the resinous composition or the resinous compositions is effected in the gel state. 25 · Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in characterized in that a decorative pattern is applied to the impregnated nonwoven substrate. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the decorative pattern is on the surface of a flat layer which is applied to the nonwoven substrate. 27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the decorative pattern is applied by rotary screen printing will. 609838/0840 -24- 26G5879 28. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that one or more of the resin compositions contains or contain a pigment. 29- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that an overall protective layer is applied to the arrangement. 30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that a transparent protective layer is applied. 31 · The method according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that that the protective layer as polyvinyl chloride plastisol is applied. 32. The method according to any one of claims 29 "to 31, characterized characterized in that the protective layer in a thickness of 0.1. up to 1.0 mm is applied. 33 · Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in characterized in that the foamable and / or non-foamable resin composition or the resin compositions polyvinyl chloride plastisol (s) include. 34 · The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the foamable resin composition is a polyvinyl chloride plastisol which contains a propellant. 35- The method according to claim 34 _}, characterized in that the propellant contains azodicarbonamide. 36. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foamable resin composition per 100 parts by weight of polymer 30 to 100 parts by weight of plasticizer, up to 5 parts by weight of stabilizer, up to 10 parts 609836/0840 ~ ²⁵ "2 6 CJ 5 8 7 parts by weight of propellant, up to 30 parts by weight of fillers, up to 10 parts by weight of viscosity modifier and contains up to 20 parts by weight of volatile additives. 37 · Foamed surface covering material, manufactured according to one of the methods according to one of the patent claims. 38. A foamed surface covering material comprising a nonwoven substrate, said substrate at least in some of its zones are impregnated with foamed resinous material. 39. The surface covering material of claim 38 wherein substantially all of the nonwoven substrate includes the foamed resin-like material is impregnated. 40. Surface covering material according to claim 38, comprising zones which are not impregnated with the foamed resin material substantially all of these zones being impregnated with a non-foamed resin material. 41. Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 40, wherein the substrate is a nonwoven glass fabric. 42. Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 41 j, characterized in that the substrate has a reinforcing layer will be carried. 43 · Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 42, characterized in that the surface on the side remote from the reinforcement layer, if this is present, is provided with a flat overall layer of non-foamed resin material. 60983S / 0840 44 · 'Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 43, which also has a decorative pattern. 45. Surface covering material according to claim 44 »characterized in that that the decorative pattern is at least partially in accordance (register) with the zones of the foamed resin material is present. 46. Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 through 45, characterized in that pigments are incorporated into any of the resin materials. 47 surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 46, characterized in that it also has an overall protective layer. 48. Surface covering material according to claim 47, characterized in that that the protective layer is transparent. 49 · Surface covering material according to claim 47 or 48, characterized characterized in that the protective layer is 0.1 to 1.0 mm thick. 50. Surface covering material according to one of the preceding claims with a reinforcing layer of 0.25 to 1.2 mm Thickness. 51. Surface covering material according to one of Claims 38 up to 50 with a total thickness of 1 to 2.5 mm. 52. Surface covering material according to claim 51 having a Total thickness from 1.2 to. 1.5 mm. 53. Surface covering material according to one of claims 38 to 52 in the form of a floor covering material. 609838/0840 Blank page