DE2546431A1 - METHODS OF DETOXIFYING NUTRITIONAL PLANT MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

DR. A. VAN DER WERTH DR. FRANZ LEDERER REINER F. MEYER

DlPL-ING. (1934-1974) DIPL-CHEM. DlPL-ING.

8000 MONKS 80 LUCILE-GRAHN-STRASSE 22

TELEPHONE: (089) 472947 TELEX: 524624 LEATHER D TELEGR .: LEATHER PATENT

October 16, 1975 Q.735

UNILMER N.V.

Burgemeester s ¹ Jacobplein 1, Eotterdam The Netherlands

Method of detoxifying nutrient plant materials

The invention "relates to a method for detoxifying certain nutrient plant materials, and in particular of such nutrient plant materials, which as a result of the presence of one or more toxic saponins herein are toxic, making these materials suitable for use as animal feed become suitable.

An example of such a plant material is alfalfa (lucerne). For example, it has been reported that feeding chicks a diet containing as little as 0.2% by weight of alfalfa saponin inhibits their growth. Another example is defatted Mowra flour or Bassia flour, which is not used as animal feed because of its high content (5 % or more) of toxic saponins. * '

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although it contains about 50% carbohydrates, 8 "to 13% residual fat and 15 to 17% protein and thus could be a potential component of Ti feed. Of the very large quantities of defatted Mowra flour, which in India is a by-product of extraction of edible oil or edible fat, known as mahwa butter, mowra oil or bassia fat, from the seeds of Madhuca latifolie (syn. M. indica, Bassia latifolia, family Sapotazeen), is mostly used as fertilizer, as fish or Worm poison or used as fuel.

The object of the invention is to create a method for detoxifying such saponin-containing nutrient plant materials, so that they are suitable as animal feed or their suitability for this purpose is improved.

According to the invention, a nutrient plant material, the one Contains toxic saponins by treatment with a hydrolyzing agent under such conditions that a hydrolysis of the saponins to sapogenins is caused, detoxifies. In contrast to the originally present saponins the sapogenins are free of glycosidic units on the 0, hydroxyl group in input A of the steroid structure, they are in Insoluble in water, have practically no interfacial activity and are non-toxic as a substance. Those from the saponins as The sugar released as a result of hydrolysis increases the nutritional value of the product.

The hydrolysis agent used can be an enzyme, but it is preferably an acid and especially a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, the latter being preferred. The hydrolysis conditions are preferably by heating of the plant material - with a diluted mineral acid,

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preferably to at least 75 ° C. The reaction is suitably carried out by heating the system to the boiling point and holding it thereon.

The excess acid in the hydrolysis product can be added by adding an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or calcium or magnesium hydroxide or neutralized by ammonia. The preferred agent is sodium hydroxide.

Water can be removed from the neutralized product by filtration or centrifugation, but it will be best removed by evaporation of the product to dryness. This has the advantage of eliminating the loss of soluble nutrient materials is avoided.

The product produced according to the invention can be used as a component of feed for poultry and for ruminants in quantities up to 10 or 20% by weight can be used.

The invention is explained in more detail using the following example

example

5 kg of powdered, defatted Mowra flour (with a saponin content of 7%) was refluxed with 20 1-2% for 3 hours Hydrochloric acid heated. At first there was heavy foaming, but this gradually subsided and eventually stopped completely on. The mixture of acid and flour, the saponin content of which has now been hydrolyzed to non-surface-active sapogenins was cooled and 7 liters of water were added, then gradually and with stirring a solution of 450 g Sodium hydroxide in 1 liter of water.

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The mixture was then poured into a shallow pan and poured into dried in a hot air oven for 24 hours. The dried, treated flour weighed from 5.3 "to 5.4 kg, where most of the weight gain of the original 5 kg is the formation of sodium chloride in the neutralization stage attributable to the acid used to carry out the hydrolysis of the saponins.

Chromatographic studies were carried out as follows :

10 g each of the untreated and the acid-treated, defatted mowra flour was 15 minutes with 50 ml heated with absolute alcohol and filtered. The filtrates were made up to 50 ml with more absolute alcohol. 0.1 ml each of these solutions was printed on chromatographic paper (3 MM Whatman paper) spotted and ascending Chromatograms using n-butanol: ethanol: water (6: 2: 3) developed, and then stained using Liebermann-Burchard Beagens (equal amounts of acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid). In the case of the extract from the untreated Flour was joined by an intense pink-violet point at Ef = 0.6 and a very faint point of the same color Ef = 0.94, while with the extract of the treated flour no colored stain occurred in the range of Ef = 0.6. Instead, there was a strong pink-purple point in the area Ef = 0.94 available. This confirms that the saponin is converted to the more rapidly migrating and lighter sapogenin by the acid hydrolysis had been. . "

The product obtained by the procedure of this example was added to a conventional poultry feed to make an animal feed A (see table below) to produce, and its influence on the growth rate and the effectiveness of the

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Feed conversion in chicks was similar to that of feed B (control) and C (which untreated mowra flour contained) compared.

component Feed with Feed mxt feed with tel C + tel A + tel B + treated mowra flour 5.0 5.0 untreated mowra flour - - 15.0 Ice bran 15.0 18.0 0.5 Bone meal 0.5 0.5 25.0 extracted peanut cake 25.0 25.0 12.5 extracted rice bran 12.5 12.5 5.5 fish meal 5.5 5.5 0.6 lime 0.6 0.6 57.0 Corn 57.0 57.0 5.0 Molasses 5.0 5.0 0.1 salt 0.1 0.1

+ = Each feed contained an identical, conventional, very small amount of a common premix of vitamin / Trace metals / antibiotics not specifically listed.

There was no statistically significant difference in terms of either of the result of the chick feeds for feeds A and B, which shows that the treated flour is safe up to used in an amount of at least 5 wt .-% of the feed can be. For feed C, however, more than 90% of the animals were at the end of the fifth week after the start died of feeding with it.

Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the tissues of laboratory rats after their death (even those of the f2 generation) fed diets containing the treated flour in an amount of 50% showed no abnormalities at all.

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Claims (3)

Claims rl J Process for the detoxification of nutrient plant material, the one Has content of toxic saponins, in particular of Mowra flour, characterized in that the Material with a hydrolyzing agent among those Conditions is treated that a hydrolysis of the saponins to sapogenins is caused. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that. as hydrolyzing agent an acid is used. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as Acid, a mineral acid and in particular hydrochloric acid is used. 4-, method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in, that excess acid in the hydrolysis product is neutralized with .Alkalimetall- or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and that water is removed from the neutralized product by evaporating the product to dryness. 5 · Detoxified nutrient plant material, produced according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 4-. 609818/0767.