DE2520204A1 - Ultrasonic copying of internal structures - applicable to solid, liquid or solid and liquid objects and allowing testing of pulse properties in copy medium - Google Patents

Abstract

Internal structure of 3-D solid and/or liquid object is reconstructed, e.g. for echo encephalography, by emitting ultrasonic waves into the object and copying the object symmetrically in layers with respect to properties such as damping capacity, absorption capacity, amplification capacity, refraction capacity etc., using a recursion process. The object is activated for a given period, so that in the "i"th stage a coherent monochromatic wave pulse, which is produced outside the object and passes through the "i"the layer of the object during the period, produces two further pulses containing information on absorption capacity and rate of diffusion of waves in the layer. The image layers in the copy medium have the same refraction and absorption properties as corresponding layers in the object.

Description

Device and method for mapping the internal structure of a three-dimensional solid, liquid or mixed solid / liquid object by ultrasound.

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for imaging a solid, liquid or solid / liquid object that has a multiple scatter in terms of which can cause ultrasonic radiation that is used in the imaging process and it is desired that it not be disturbed or destroyed, such as in the case of a living brain.

According to the prior art, there are holography and scanning processes many fields of application in medicine and industry (Journal "IEEE Transactions on Sonios and Ultrasonicvn, volume SU-15, number 3, pages 144 to 146, 1972) and (Journal ~ Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ", Volume 44, Nunmiber 5, Rare 1324 to 1338, 1968). How to get out of classical treatises (das Book "Progress in Option", Volume 3, Chapter 1, publisher: North-Holland, 1964) can be seen, the known methods are not able to do the internal Reconstruct structure of an object if the radiation used in it is scattered many times before it reaches the recording device. To the present The point in time is the application of ultrasound radiation for the visualization of the living brain (Journal ~ Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ", Volume 44, Number 5, pages 1339 to 1345) hindered by undesirable echo effects and likewise due to unpredictable or unpredictable obstacles, such as through the skull bone. If the wavelength is chosen to be sufficiently short to be small To dissolve groups of neurons and similar small structures, so will these Side effects completely uncontrollable and, moreover, the absorption represents a significant difficulty.

The invention now provides a device for the internal structure reconstruct an object based on information obtained from Ultrasonic pulses are received which repeatedly travel through the object even if the ultrasound is scattered multiple times within the object will. The problem is solved by a multi-step process or a recursive process, with previously reconstructed slices in the figure as "corrective." optical means "can be used in the construction of a given layer.

The imaging medium contains a homogeneous powder mixture, the particles of which Represent mechanisms with characteristic dimensions that are smaller than the Wavelength of the ultrasound used and the required ultrasound data processing carry out. The end result is an image that has exactly the same absorption and has refraction properties of the object and additionally there a Reinforcement makes where the object has a damping or causes and with the same factor. Since the figure is geometrical a reflection of the object is relative to the plane of the ultrasonic pulse generator, a momentum reflected or transmitted in the object in the imaging medium reinforce where it has experienced a dampening in the object and that Mirror-image refraction reconstructs its wavefront geometry in such a way that that the impulse arrives at any given point in the figure, namely with exactly the mirror image amplitude and geometry that the pulse is at the corresponding Had mirror image spot in the object.

This makes it possible to take a sample of the pulse properties in the imaging medium without the object, for example, by vibration is disturbed.

In the following the invention is based on an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. They show: Fig. 1 the multi-stage Method whereby each successive layer Li emerging from the zone of the object exists through which a wave front runs between the times (iZ T and iz T (i is an integer and a t is a given time interval) in one Mirror image layer Ii is reconstructed in the imaging medium 1 with Help the in the information.

Layers I1, #. #, 1i-1 saved / Layer Lo represents the entire homogeneous material or liquid which surrounds the object and which acts as a sound coupling medium is used, and 10 represents the mirror image zone of FIG. 1 relative to the plane of G (the generator) of Lo insofar as this is the acoustic impedance and the Concerns geometry close to the surface of the object. Except for P and 9 and the control circuit, which are only shown schematically, the device can be cylindrical and be formed symmetrically located about the horizontal center line and it is the device shown only in cross-section.

Figure 2 shows the two types of pulse waveforms used in the method can be used, namely P and P 'with the correct orientation just before the action on top of each other or overlay, with P 'moving to the right and P moving to the right moved left. The superposition takes place at L. Here the lower indices are omitted, however, the impulses and the layers are replaced later by subscripts A distinction is made between indices when there is a reference to a process step.

3 shows sectional views of the individual powder particle mechanisms, which are used to process ultrasonic pulses and waves, their four working states are labeled a, b, c and d. There are two types of in Capsule-shaped particles, but since they are almost identical in shape, only the first type is shown al.

Fig. 4 is a "wave diagram" showing the movements of all pulses shows which are used for the absorption and refraction information derive from the object between the times (i-1) 8T and (i + 1) 4T. the For example, pulses Pi and #i 'have the waveforms P and P' of FIG.

Two types of medium 1 and R are required for ultrasonic information processing perform that is required to perform the multi-step reconstruction process perform, each medium consisting of a certain uniform mixture of Powdering consists. The powder particles should first be described and then the Mixtures and Uses.

The first type of particle, hereinafter referred to as type al, is produced in the following way: 1. Be in pure water Droplets of a 1: 1: 1 mixture of a sticky substance that melts at room temperature or adhesive (e.g. Parafilm "M", a product of the American Can Co.) suspended, it becomes a solvent for this substance, which in the water is not miscible with water (e.g.

Toluene) and fine magnetic particles (e.g. samarium cobalt particles with four micron diameter). This can be done by shaking or energizing nIL ultrasound occur when the droplets are difficult to keep separate. It is better if there are at least 100 magnetic particles per droplet and the droplets should be less than a quarter of the wavelength of the ultrasound used by the Imaging process is used.

2. The droplets are in RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) rubber encapsulated. The best results can be achieved with the finest (uncured) Achieve latex, the latex particles being smaller than a micron in diameter exhibit.

The ratio in volume of latex to colloid should be about 1: 5 and more than twice as catalytic as normal, which is necessary for the Vulcanize rubber in the colloid suspension as it coats the droplets 3. Dry the coated beads, using water as well as the internal solvent removed so that the adhesive magnet mixture has a relatively thin coating the inside of the shell or capsule made of elastic material. You can be sorted in terms of size using standardized swimming or sinking techniques. The second type of particle, hereinafter referred to as nf, is according to steps 1, 2 and 3, as listed above, and is additionally Treated in the following way: 4. The particles of the type al with an approx. 1: 1 paste made of latex and coated with the same magnetic particles, catalyzed and resuspended in water until vulcanization. The thickness of the paste should be be twice the elastic capsule or shell.

There are seven basic operations carried out by these types of Powder particles are carried out, which are referred to below as micro-mechanisms their processing of acoustic impedance information is called, especially since they represent a particular medium in mixtures, which is described later shall be.

a) The initial preparation is carried out as follows: The micro-mechanisms of type al or type nf are subjected to a sufficiently high pressure (up to 3 atmospheres) which is introduced to them by a transmission liquid which to be described later so that their capsules are compressed into flattened balls (as shown in Figure 3b).

In the compressed state, the micro-mechanisms are just above the melting point of their internal adhesive is heated while externally a magnetic field is brought to action (with the help of dedications 1 and 2, Figure 1) until the magnetic particles in the adhesive line up or align with contact and thereby electrically conductive paths through the adhesive with much larger Long can be mapped as the diameter length of a single particle (it can be heated by the RF field, as is to be described). It will be on The solidification temperature is cooled and the pressure is then reduced to atmospheric pressure lowered. The capsules are then in their respective compressed states held by the adhesive, which has a high pressure-sensitive resistance has due to the sensitive contacts between the magnetic Particles (1, Figure 3, Part c). This resistance is quite high because the elastic Capsules exert a tension on the adhesive, through which most conductive magnetic particles are easily separated from each other. The Mechanisms are now ready for activation.

b) Activation consists in getting an electromagnetic oscillating field with a frequency in the microwave range, its electrical Vector alternates in a line that is almost parallel in the direction of the preparatory Magnetic field, although this is not critical. The electromagnetic field, which is referred to in the following as the HF field, heats up the prepared adhesive a temperature just below that at which the adhesive strength decreases, but the field strength must be determined empirically for a given mixture as this is a very delicate but not difficult one to make Setting is.

At this stage of activation, the micro-mechanisms of the appear Type al or nf, as in Figure 3, part c, with the magnetic particles 2 aligned are.

c) Still under the influence or activation of the mentioned RF field is when a sound wave peak (pressure maximum) is caused by a given micro-mechanism through the slight overpressure that conductive particles or the conductive Particles 2 pressed into better electrical contact, so that thereby the resistance value in the adhesive is considerably reduced. The RF field then heats the adhesive continues to rise very quickly, above the melting or awakening point and the capsule 3 of the micromechanism expands because the bonds that these in their add hold the amount pressed, cancel or interrupt it. With type aI this expansion occurs so suddenly that it occurs within a quarter of the Shell vibration takes place; therefore, these micro-mechanisms can reduce the pressure of the Medium in your neighborhood during this period and it becomes the one passing through Sound amplified in a way that is to some extent analogous to a forced one Emission is the case with a laser: the slight overpressure due to a sound wave peak value causes a mechanism locally increases the pressure much more and also increased in phase. The measure of the extent of a set of microorganisms Is such that the pressure increase is proportional to the forced overpressure. the Type nf expansion does not occur as suddenly and depends differently on the frequency of the stimulating sound of the type al in the following way: d) During type al without the need for an externally applied constant magnetic field expands, such a field is currently required for type nf in order to contain the particles to magnetize in its coating (not in the capsule of type al). A magnetization the type nf capsule slightly reduces the resonance damping factor (increases ftQfl der Resonance) to such a value for a compressed and activated (as with Condition b) capsule that the adhesive is above the melting temperature due to the small Compressions (intensity 1-100 W / cm2) of ultrasonic waves passing through, which are used in the mapping process to be described and through the activating RF field is brought. There is not yet complete clarity regarding the theory of how this effect occurs. Definitely takes the likelihood that type nf has moved from its activated state in the presence of ultrasound expands by a slight increase in frequency this ultrasound over a fixed value f0 inversely, this value through the generator G is determined and increases proportionally with the excitation amplitude namely (dedication 1, FIG. 1) when a stronger magnetic field is applied (500-lOOOGauss) as well as the previously mentioned HF field0 Once the type nf is obsolete, so he can no longer in return to state b (up to 3 atmospheres) with the exception of g which follows obviously due to its thicker capsule and the stiffening of the Capsule along the bond points (and largest bend) through the hardened adhesive.

Therefore, once expanded, capsules cannot be used sufficiently squeeze, to restore the adhesive bonds.

e) Under an RF field with a slightly higher intensity (the empirical must be determined) and without the constant magnetic field, type nf expands from State b not off. However, under the same conditions, all micro-mechanisms stretch al-type that had expanded once and then squeezed back together. Capsules once expanded are considered "recording". State e becomes used to pass through the type al without recording either al or nf dampen. The absorption capacity of a medium depends on the density of the expanded one Type al from, as will be explained later.

f) When the micro-mechanisms of the type al have been compressed again, the bonds that were broken at an earlier point are restored tca. 2 atmospheres is normal) and with the strong HF field momentarily as in the state e are reactivated and returned to the constant value, which is slightly lower is than that used in e, they give the medium contained in them enç a (own) gain factor per unit of the running time for a subsequent one Ultrasonic wave at any given point, which is called "amplification capacity" which is proportional to the fraction passed by any earlier recorded ultrasound was not extended as indicated by c. This is true over a reasonable dynamic range of micromechanical linear response (less than 100 W / cm2 intensity). A reinforcement is only made in this state reached the capsules of type al which have not yet been recorded (expanded by a passing ultrasonic wave, as in c), since the lower H'8 field allowing only the unrecorded to expand. The purpose of the lower Magnetic field is to align the magnetic particles in the adhesive to hold even if it is broken during the reinforcement process, as in c will. The micro-mechanisms can therefore be in the non-recording state b under the RF field be recompressed (the oriented particles in the adhesive still have electrical Contact when broken bonds are re-established and the RF field can then melt and repair the adhesive again). The magnetic field is so weak that it has hardly any influence on the resonance of the capsules of the type nf as in d (less than 200 gauss).

g) The micro-mechanisms of the type al have both temporary and also permanent extinguishability, while type nf is only permanent through step a can be deleted. The type aI is temporarily deleted by using the external pressure reduced to a fraction of an atmosphere, so that all micro-mechanisms of this type expand into their spherical shapes (Figure 3, part d). Without a magnetic field however, the bonds have weakened, so that a recompression connects the stronger RF field of e and f re-expands these capsules of type al, the one time have expanded. Permanent deletion can be achieved according to a. The above mentioned Information that is stored in the micro-mechanisms can be in the form of a The acoustic impedance of the medium 1 can be called up again (absorption capacity, Amplification capacity and propagation speed or refractive power) to to process the ultrasonic waves, which are to be described later, this impedance either immediately after the recording or after the temporary From deletion and redemption, as available in step f. The micromechanisms provided 1 with an impedance (or the medium in which they are contained), what of their state in a liquid movement medium for the micromechanism mixture, from which the medium is composed depends. The acoustic impedance this fluid motion medium or "vehicle" is chosen to be that of of the compressed micro-mechanisms of the type al are adapted or correspond and also of those of the compressed type nf. If the type a1 capsules are in the expanded state (d, Figure 3) they give the medium an absorption capacity proportional to their number per unit volume is extended because they have a much higher density when compressed are as if they are expanded and therefore scatter ultrasound as they expand are due to the difference between their refractive power and that the liquid.

Type nf has a mass modulus of elasticity (pulk modulus), which is equal to that of the liquid when compressed, with none Change in speed is effected; while in the expanded state its module in the presence of the low magnetic field is very much larger (like f) whereby a decrease in the speed of the ultrasound in the vicinity of the micromechanismm proportional to the number of micromechanisms expanded per unit volume will. An almost proportionality is typical over a dynamic range up to to approx. 100 W / cm2 or until approx. 1/10 of the total has expanded. There the number expanded in this way is inversely proportional to the frequency increase, as is the case with d, the medium has a propagation speed at every point that is proportional is to this recorded frequency increase divided by the recording amplitude. It should be emphasized that the operational sound intensity values and operational field strengths must be set to a given amount or value.

Are the strengths of the activating fields set in this way? and are the micro-mechanisms in the recompressed, reactivated state, As stated above, the micro-mechanisms originally involved with the recording process expand, a greater inclination proportional to the intensity of a subsequent one Ultrasonic wave expand as one that does not expand when recorded are, which is likely due to the fact that the restored Adhesive bonds are weaker than the bonds originally made. For the RF field of f, the gain per time-of-flight unit depends, Which the following wave has, proportional to the intensity of the recorded Wave at each of the points on the medium. The explanation has already been given under step given c, the gain in an unrecorded ensemble takes place by micro-mechanisms of the type al. Here is the recorded intensity information and in the recompressed, reactivated state, i. H. when called up again Information the probability of expansion proportional to the product to which forced overpressure of the wave and the recorded intensity. With others Words, the recorded intensity can be proportional to the amplification capacity as is the case in U.S. Patent Application USSN 473 812.

The imaging medium 1 (FIG. 1) thus consists of a 1: 1 mixture of micromechanisms of the type al and nf in a transport liquid, which the Impedances of the compressed type al and compressed type nf matched is, so that an unrecorded imaging medium has an absorptivity has, greater than the maximum expected absorbency in the one being imaged Object so that it is within the range of the instrument. Very big collapsed absorbencies of the type al can be achieved by by producing thin capsules and by using high pressures for processing respectively preparation and recompression and by changing their compression diameter in the range of a quarter of the wavelength of the ultrasound used in imaging lays. Smaller diameters lead to less scattering power or the ability to however, to a greater resolution.

It can be seen that 1 has the properties that are in the U.S. Patent Application No. 473,812 except for function 5 is described.

The medium R (Figure 1) consists entirely of micro-mechanisms of the Type al in a movement fluid and has identical properties with the Media R "and R 'as described in the referenced US patent application 473,812 are. In particular, the medium R is able to determine the direction of propagation of any To reverse a pulse or ultrasonic wave passing through the medium at the exact point in time when it is "activated" by an externally applied field Zrd, in the present case by an RF field with sufficient strength so that the adhesive of the micro-mechanisms of the type al, with its magnetic particles, are aligned as in the preparation step a, reaches a temperature that is immediately below the melting point, which is caused by heating by the HF field, as maintained in activation step b.

It should be emphasized that there is both a forward and a backward direction Directed or "conjugated" wave from the incident wave can be generated thereby due to the expansion of the type al capsules in the same direction, however, the forward wave moving in the same direction as the incident wave migrates, absorbed in the damping media (D, as in Figure 1) and therefore in terms of interference in the processing of the returning Wave switched off or

Will get removed. The damping media are in the ultrasonic technology standardized.

In one embodiment, according to which ultrasound is used from 1.5 MHz / the following parameters are determined optically, but they are here only mentioned as an example and as a guideline for the designer and do not provide any Limitation of the subject matter of the invention: the micromechanisms of both types 80 microns in diameter with 4 micron Sa-Co magnetic particles in their Parafilm adhesive. Their capsules were 3-4 microns thick in the case of the type al and 4-8 microns in the case of the type nf. which was used for both media 1 and R consisted of propylene glycol, where the Density for acoustic permeability of the media by adding small amounts uncured latex particles that were also set in the capsules of the Micromechanisms 1-3 microns in diameter were used. However lead also a great variety of other relatively neutral chemicals, more or less equipped with a filling material> to the desired result. For example mineral oil with glass "Microballoons" (a product of Emerson & Cumming, Inc.) with a diameter of 2-4 microns. The EF or microwave heater consisted of a magnetron, which was switched on between waveguides, which led to media 1 and R with the help of a §g-R switch and which -to three kMHz worked, the T-R switch was at the required tenths of microsecond switching times by a timing circuit using the two preionization electrodes of T-R pipes controlled <in the respective output lines of the T-junction).

The smaller fluctuations in microwave intensity for the medium 1 were achieved by changing the supply voltage to the magnetron Has. The intensity of the conjugator R was sufficiently high that a uniform Triggering by the medium was achieved despite the fact that the hemispherical Cavity not ideally suited for achieving uniform intensity distribution is (it was found that exact values are not required for the measurement are). The intensities for 1 were set so that it could be measured that activation takes place within about a microsecond of application. the magnetic field strength must temporarily rise up to 700 Gauss, as this is done by the windings <1) is made from hollow silver tubes with both sides inside and are water-cooled outside and these through within a microsecond Capacity discharge switched on and switched off by a retrograde discharge with the help of standardized techniques and power supply. Of the The object consisted of a biological preparation which was immersed in mineral oil was (for example a rat head in Figure 1, O), This one was effectively from the RF through a detailed Mylar film on the inside shielded by R and by metal coatings by G at the end, these two electrodes have a low impedance to transmitted ultrasound.

The procedure, the ultrasonic impedance information that was passed on earlier Place mentioned, using the media 1 and R consists of one process multi-step recursive process.

To start the recursive process, the mapping layer 10 (Figure 1) is defined as that part of the imaging medium 1 which has the mirror image shape to that of Lo, i.e. the bath of liquid in which the object O is included (Figure 13 relative to the plane of the generator (G in Figure 1) as a mirror plane. 10 also has the mirror image acoustic impedance, which is homogeneous, there still nothing was recorded in the recording medium at this stage. At the i-th Repeat the following recursive process of the multi-step process Reconstruction method, at the beginning of the i-th repetition, it is assumed that the image layers 11,.,. * 1i-1 were prepared earlier by performing the previous i-1 iterations (hence the term "recursive"). The basic principle of this recursion is to use the previous i-1 layers as "correction optics" and amplifiers with a gain factor for each layer to be used, which is equal to the absorption capacity (D attenuation factor per unit of transit time in the case of a wave) at the mirror image point of the object relative to the generator as a mirror, so that thereby the i-th test wave from the object layer Li to the mirror-image image layer Ii is brought with the wavefront geometry and amplitude, which it had as a reflection in Li. It thus follows that the complete Reconstruction geometrically represents the mirror image of the object. It should now it is shown how the medium 1 has the mirror image acoustic impedance of the object also reconstructed, At the first step of the The process is ro cashed if it is generated in Lo by PO and P'O (Lo is homogeneous) but To is recorded in I1 as speed information (the Frequency shift of To results from the penetration in L1 and PO).

The following steps consist of the stages of the (i + 1) -th iteration of recursion: first, a pulse Pi (with the waveform like P, Figure 2) in G generates (Figures 1 and 4) and travels through the object O (the compound Layers L1> L2> ... in Figure 1) in the reversal medium R, in which the propagation speed is turned exactly and momentarily at all points of R after activation from R through the RF field of step b, as mentioned earlier. This ~ reversal " is more correctly referred to as "conjugation" and will also be referred to as such in the following will. A conjugate wave has the property that it is immediately on the moment the conjugation goes back exactly the way it did to this point and not as if they had been reflected, but without that their waveform is reversed; that means that the front of the wave train becomes the rear front and the rear front becomes the front front if the opposite Direction is taken. The momentum Pi therefore possibly returns after the conjugation back on the object layer Li with the same wavefront geometry, which he had when passing through Li in the forward direction, where he but now in the opposite or

Backwards towards the generator. Because of the strong RF field activation behaves in relation to R in an all or not manner the expansion of the excited micro-mechanisms of the type al and there will be fluctuations the amplitude is smoothed out due to the absorption in O, but the frequency information becomes not distorted. Second, in G, P'i is generated at such a point in time (Figure 4), that this interacts with the impulse Pi returning to Li. The absorbency at the layer Li is determined by the intensities of P'i for Li and Li 1 or equivalent determined by the intensity of Pti for Li and the intensity of P'i-1 for Li 1 (since P'i and P'i- 1 are the same in terms of intensity at Li 1). How yourself from the definition of the absorption capacity a as J (t + dt) = J (t) e adt can be seen> the approximation formula for the absorption capacity ai for Li is: ai # ## i-1 - Ji) / (Ji ~ 1 AT) where A T is the transit time through Li (in reality for all layers same). The pulses Pi and generate even at the layer of the intersection Li P'i there the impulses Ri and Ti and thirdly through a non-linear superposition in Li of the "Doppler type" (at position 14 in Figure 4): the frequency of P'i> if this moves through Pi into the "transmitted" Ti, which moves in the same direction is moved by the moving front of the "flood" impulse Pi with much larger amplitude, while at the same time increasing the amplitude of pi by a reflected part of P'i is increased due to the non-linear Effect of the increased density in the front of Pi. It turns out that the increased The amplitude of Ri over Pi at Li is proportional to the amplitude of P'i at Li (the Amplitude of a flood pulse similar to P in Figure 2 does not noticeably increase in its Propagation from) and that the speed vi of the ultrasound of frequency f0 in the layer Li is given by: vi = C (f1-fo) / (AfO) where fi is due to Pi with the amplitude A is increased frequency and where C is a proportionality constant which depends on the dimensions or the units and to some extent also depends on fi, but for small deflections of fi relative to fi-fo (smaller than 10%) this formula is a sufficiently good approximation for the purpose of the reconstruction supplies. Fourth Ti continues through the object to R, where this impulse is conjugated and then runs its path back through the Object, G, Io, I1, ..., Ii 1 to the imaging layer Ii (Figure 1, see also Figure 4). At Ii, Ti has a wavefront geometry that is the mirror image of those represents which this impulse had in Li, since each image layer IJ (: l ... i) through previous iterations using these steps was constructed so that one mirror image refractive power (speed) of corresponding object layers L is a mirror relative to the plane of G and the layers Ij are geometrical the mirror images of the layers Lj (: l ... i) are. Thus comes / at the beginning from layer I (not yet reconstructed) ~ where the frequency f is higher than the basic frequency fOJ proportional to the speed of propagation at the Mirror image points of Li. Fifth, the layer at this point in time (15, Fig 4) activated by high RF and magnetic fields as at d in such a way that the frequency increase, which was mentioned under d and here corresponds to fi-fo, through the micro-mechanisms of type nf is recorded in Li + 1 and this information later as the internal velocity of propagation that can be retrieved at each Place is the same as the few of the mirror image point in Li + 1 (note is that a certain error size must be introduced). At this stage must it should be mentioned that the prerequisites for the recursion hold that Ri in Ii in Expressing the gain capacity proportional to the mirror image absorptivity in Li and in terms of the absorption capacity in Ii proportional to # i-i at Status of retrieval (e) was recorded.

Sixth, 1 is squeezed again and by a momentary high RF field, as reactivated at e, according to the type al expansion and then exposed to lower RF and magnetic fields, with type al being traced back to f becomes (16, Figure 4). Seventh, the impulse Ri + 1 is generated (possibly before the Step 6) in Li + 1 and migrates through the object (Figures 1 and 4) 1 back after step 7, where he then through the layers Il ... Ii under the low magnetic field and the low RF field as at f is amplified, the amplification being the mirror image of that of the Bchafls Lj ... L1 and where the speed of propagation / is also the mirror image of that in Li ... Ll, as already explained and where the / attenuation is proportional to J1 is how this will be explained; accordingly Ri + i reaches 1i +1 with the Mirror image waveform and waveform geometry which this pulse had in Li and additionally with the intensity proportional to its mirror image intensity in L1 + 1 divided by the mirror image intensity of Ri in Li; namely proportional zu JllJJi This proportionality constant will be explained later. Accordingly, Ri + 1 arrives at Ii + 1 with the mirror-image intensity, which is proportional to the ratio of Ji + l to Ji. The aforementioned constant is also given by empirical determination of a suitable activation RF field intensity set (which depends on the batch of type al, which in a very unpredictable way, but is used homogeneously) so that Ri + 1 is a fraction of the total density of the micro-mechanisms of the type al in 1i + 1 equal to one minus the ratio (Ji + 1 / Ji) which leaves intensities compressed; in other words it expands a part, which is equal to (Ji + 1 / Ji). It can be shown with the help of elementary algebra that the unexpanded fraction (not recorded) is proportional to the absorbency ai in the layer Li according to the formula given above for ai. It should be mentioned> that the fraction not recorded at this stage is exactly that which is required to reinforce Ti + 1 at a later stage, if at the state f has arrived (unexpanded micro-mechanisms are more sensitive to activation by a low RF field as expanded, as already explained so that only those not "recorded" expand and thus with this one Stage a reinforcement; the ~ outlined "remain pressed together and therefore do not tap as in the referring stage). Since, in addition, Ri + 1 through I1 + l wanders through, the RF field of c is momentarily applied without a magnetic field so that only the micro-mechanisms of the type al are activated to record the intensity, however, Ri + 1 moves with the mirror image speed to that which he had in Li + 1, since this information was stored in 1i + 1 at an earlier point by Ti and was retrieved at (15). At time (i + 1) A T becomes any Activation turned off so that Ri + 1 in 1 beyond Ii at a depth vi + 1 - T can record what can simply be recognized as the thickness of Li + i and hence as Thickness of 1i + 1 at a given point. Here you can see that the lengths of Ri, Ti, R1 + 1 and Ti + i are not particularly critical as the timing of the Activations determine the thicknesses, but the pulse lengths are not very much longer should be than the minimum layer thickness in order to avoid multiple "exposure". At this point (17, FIG. 4), Li + 1 was completely recorded. To the performer to help with the recursive process outlined above should be based on the outlined For example, certain points will be explained using 1.5 MHz Ultrasound, but the invention is not limited to this example.

First, a wide range of switching intensities can be used, which depends on the opacity (transferability) of the object that is to be mapped in the process.

For biological preparations that mostly contain soft tissue, namely in the case of a relatively small bone thickness, intensities for P1 are typically chosen between 10 and 100 W / cm2 (for living tissue, 10 W / cm is approx. The maximum non-destructive Intensity).

The intensity of P should be at least ten times as great Aimed at the thumb and, as far as could be determined, also destroyed one 100 W / cm2 ~ flood "pulse of the form P non-living tissue. The invention deals with it However, it is a non-destructive testing method and possibly can Use at lower frequencies for seismographic structure determinations but can also be found in many other areas of application, with large sections of solid to liquid parts occur in the object. In such Cases, the flood pulses Pj should be SO large as possible in a preferred manner are much greater than a factor of 10 above P'i in terms of intensity, for example, by placing charges to determine the structure of the shell can be generated or by sharp blows from an electrically driven one Hammer when testing metal or plastic parts. For biological imaging it was found that the layers up to 1> 5 to 2 wavelengths of the used Sound can be thin or about 1mm at 1.5 MHz and that distortion errors in the Figure between 15 and 20 layers are hardest to perceive when the Specimens bruise very often, for example in the case of many bones, pockets of fluid and containers. Above 20 shifts, local relationships will still be good and overall good topological integrity is maintained; H. for example that in the transformation from the object to the image at 30 to 50 layers no discontinuities occur. There is also the essential part of the resolution is the same, this represents a radical advance over holographic Establishments that can be used for one or a maximum of two partially reflective Layers and with more layers nothing can be determined. Be it however mentions that holographic agent is used instead of R as a conjugator can be a direct property of holographic reconstruction. the Possibility of using holographic means to reconstruct thicker layers and that instead of the test pulses P and P '> was considered theoretically and it can be shown that besides the fact that this is much more complicated, as the subject of the invention, a much greater sensitivity to it slight movements (thermal drift, vibrations, etc.) of the holograms and des Image and object (movements of the latter in the case of biological Preparations are a real problem because of the heartbeat, pulsating blood flow> muscle contractions is given etc.) /. Regarding R, the metal clad mylar, as it is with wound capacitors for example, has been found to be used for surface 4 of the waveguide R proved to be very good. It lets ultrasound of 1.5 MHz with very - low Re fle-x ion through. A reflection due to a piezoelectric disc as G can be significant, especially where the intensity of P 'is important for machining due to the micro-mechanisms is a minimum. Therefore it became a relatively permeable one or translucent transducer constructed from many layers of metal clad mylar, alternating layers were connected to the (higher) voltage source, which work like capacitance microphones in phase with wavelength separation, however, this is not significant for the subject matter of the invention. A good Pressure regulating device for 3 in Figure 1 was constructed in the manner shown, wherein a solenoid actuator is attached to a sound absorbing plunger (5), which is a membrane covering one side of a chamber closes, which is hydraulically connected to the chamber, which the medium 1 contains. This had a response time of 1.2 milliseconds, so that the timing circuit, which is yet to be described, perform a recursive rubble every 2 milliseconds can. Better pressure transducers up to approx. 5 microseconds would make it possible to to construct an image of 20 layers in 100 microseconds for 1.5 MHz sound. A relay was used to get the higher current from the solenoid to control.

The time control circuit (6, FIG. 1) should now be used as an example the special field of application in connection with 1.5 MHz ultrasound will. The maximum desired number of layers should be given as 2N (assumed 64). There are then two ring counters with N bit positions each connected in the following way, so that nine output pulses, called trigger signals, by fixed periods of time are separated, the actuation of G and the activation steps, which for the Recursive process are required. The high order bit of the first ring counter becomes fed in such a way that the second ring counter increases by a (low-order) bit or ?? counting step1 ' is presented. Therefore, when the first counter has counted to 2N, it sets the second counter by one counting step forward (corresponding to the runtime through a shift Q T). Every time the second ring counter reaches the first counting step (T + 29 T seconds later than the previous time, where T is the cycle time of the first Ring counter is, 2N h T), as indicated by “and-ing” the counting steps both ring counters is determined ~ the first of the nine trigger signals by the amplifier (8 * Figure 1) sent to G, which initializes a pulse of type P (Figure 2) will. Every time the first ring counter reaches its last counting step (a Ring counter cyclically repeats its counts due to the fact that one of its Stages consists of a multi-stable flip-flop), the second trigger signal excites the pulse generator 7 (Figure 1) to initialize a pulse of the type P '. Therefore, at the first time when the ring counters start together, PO and P'O on maximum time separation, T = - 2NAT of the transit time through the object and they interact or meet at the beginning of L1, i.e. H. the first at the point reached. As the number of recursions increases, the Coincidence of the counting steps incrementally (ET) closer or closer to the last counting step of the first ring counter, so that Pi and P'i move closer together until finally at the end of the process they intersect in the last layer LN (the bit signal highest order of the second ring counter switches off the local oscillator, which drives the first ring counter).

The i-th repetition is, for example, the third of the nine output signals from the combined ring counters from conjugator R with a delay to the first Offset, which is just the same as the transit time of Pi through the object, when Pi is just inside R (this can or can be estimated in case of doubt by Brillioun scattering of the Light through the translucent Coupling bath, which surrounds the object, can be measured). R can be quite thick so that this delay is not critical. Dependent on the length of the device is the next step in the recursive process, the requires a timing pulse, usually in the arrival of Ti in R. That pulse is generated by the first ring counter with a delay that is also the same is the aforementioned runtime of Pi from its last counting step (generation von P'i) and therefore consists of the fourth of the nine output signals, which is the conjugation from Ti to R triggers. The fifth event consists of the arrival of Ri at 1 and the fifth output activates 1 with an RF and magnetic field, creating a Reinforcement of Ri in FIG. 1 is effected. This is also done with a fixed delay from the time of generation of Pi in G, especially since the second ring counter is synchronized is located. The sixth trigger signal removes the magnetic field when Ri reaches Ii, so that its absorptivity information can be recorded in Ii and this signal occurs one counting step (A T) later than the fifth. The seventh Trigger signal switches off the HF field when Ri reaches Ii + i (and optionally the magnetic field) namely with a further counting step of the first ring counter.

There is an optional trigger signal that re-energizes the magnetic field could turn on when Ti enters 1, should it turn out to be It is necessary, in addition, the micromechanisms of the type nf before internal wrong To protect expansion (which in the case described above causes the absence of the HF field). The eighth trigger signal turns on the RF field when Ti reaches 1i + 1 and likewise the higher magnetic field, which is used for recording the speed information of Ti in is required. Finally, the ninth trigger pulse sets all fields so that Ti does not destroy any underlying micro-mechanism of 1 until the next iteration of the recursive process takes place when Ri + i arrives. Be it mentions that the time course that follows here is the explanation of the previous owed recursive process, but this is not a confusion should, since Ri + 1 Sn is treated the same way as Ri.

In view of the foregoing description, there are some special ones Points that are implicit in the recursive process and "not clarified can be. Firstly, there is no speed information in 1i + 1 from the point in time of the entry of Ti is available in 1i + 1, Ti penetrates into 1 only by a small amount Ii to a depth which is equal to A T times the / -sound propagation speed in (the unrecorded) 1, with uniform thickness, while the actual Thickness of Li + i is variable. However, when Ri + 1 passes through, it becomes this actual thickness from the speed information already recorded carried. To avoid slight reflections due to thin layers with different To avoid the refractive index, one allows Ti a little further in practice arrive (due to the finite fall time of the by the ninth trigger pulse disabled field). There may be a slight overlap in the drawing of Ti and Ti + i occur, but the second cannot start recording, until the first is finished due to the permanent nature of the recording, so that thereby no double recording and no unoccupied or recording volume appear. Second, there is the recording speed in the micro-mechanisms of type nf cannot be made completely independent of the intensity Rann, the resolution and the accuracy can be reduced for more difficult applications then increase as the intensity of Ti is normalized as it goes back through G. (due to an almost complete or non-response of the saturated R), In some Thirdly, use cases may require three specific intensities of the RF field as described in steps c, d and e, which are described in the guide Position has been explained, is used, these fields being the HF field, the higher RF field and the lower RF Field designated in each case will. However, at a frequency of 1.5 MHz, it was found that the lower RF field can be made equal to the RF field, with only the presence Or the lack of the lower magnetic field is sufficient to switch between the amplification state f and the recording state c. The invention is not limited to just two Intensities of the RF field limited, as in certain applications, in particular in the case of weak ultrasound intensities it may be necessary to ensure that the micro-mechanisms of the type al are not accidentally occupied or recorded, while they are in reinforcement. As mentioned earlier, causes an RF field with a slightly lower intensity than that used for recording c used the aI type capsules to expand even though they were not in the recording process had expanded due to the lower magnetic field in the amplification state f, which obviously tends to keep the magnetic particles in contact, when the adhesive begins to expand beyond the point of condition c without a magnetic field, so that this causes the adhesive to pass through the lower RF field a higher temperature than is heated by the RF field alone.

Fourth, the eighth step of the recursive process had to explain how Ri + i can reach Ii + 1 with an intensity equal to is the intensity Ji + 1 'that it had in Li + 1 divided by the intensity from Ri to Li (i.e. on the i + 1th iteration of the recursive process).

This is due to the fact that in each of the foregoing Layers 1 #, j: 1, ... i the fraction of the expanded (recorded) type al is proportional to Jj 1 The degree of spread is such that the expanded Type aI attenuates with this factor in IJ, which has a transmission time of 8T. 10 is now not used for recording, so that its attenuation is uniform is and can be neglected. The expanded fraction when recording 11 is just J1 (there is no variation in JO). The combined cushioning from Io ... Ii is thus: Ji Thus, Ri + i arrives at 11 + 1 damped by Jj. Since R1 + 1 was also continuously reinforced with this damping, so that it was without this damping would arrive at 1i + 1 with the mirror-image intensity to J1 + 1, the combined effect of the amplification as well as the attenuation in that it is with the Intensity equal to (Ji + 1 / Ji) arrives in the mirror-image geometry. It leaves now recognize in which way the operating parameters of the type al, which were based on earlier Position mentioned need to be recruited. The sensitivity of type al must be such that the resulting in 1i + 1 during the simulation time T (always one Constant) expanded fraction is equal to (Ji + 1 / Ji) This is of course a too expected value with regard to the likely nature or expansion behavior, which was mentioned earlier. Not the one left by Ri + 1 in Ii + 1 expanded fraction must then be equal to one minus (J1 + 1 / Ji) It can now be realize that the constant of proportionality, since the previously between a1 and the not expanded fraction mentioned must be set to (1 / ~ T).

The absorption capacity in the sense explained above must not match the Attenuation coefficients are confused.

Several alternative methods have been found to get R and T pulses (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application No.

473 812) using type nf and al or a similar one to process, but found that the previously discussed recursive Process or minor modifications of the same is the simplest and fastest process represents.

The invention thus creates a system in which ultrasound for the reconstruction of the absorptivity and the refraction tion properties / ultrasound comes to the application, the as ultrasonic radiation from the inside of a solid, liquid or partially solid and partially liquid object originates, the air inclusions are excluded in the event that this radiation is strongly scattered (reflected or broken). The reconstruction consists of a three-dimensional copy, which allows access to absorption information and refraction information, without having to destroy the image itself or destroy the object, whichever was simuliest. The reconstruction process consists of a multistage process, at which the absorptivity and refractivity of the object layer is detected and recorded by layer, namely in mirror-image layers in the reconstruction or likeness. At each stage of the process, the earlier position constructed image layers or image layers as ~ correction optics " used to convert the highly distorted information of the object into an exact waveform geometry and to decode waveform at a given layer, namely information which the wave in the corresponding mirror image layer in the object had, with the exception of an inversion with respect to a spatial dimension.

The required sound data processing is carried out with the help of a Powder mix in which each particle consists of a microscopic mechanism.

All recognizable in the description and shown in the drawings technical details are important for the invention.

Claims (12)

PATENTAN'S CLAIMS e ./ Process for replicating the internal structure of a three-dimensional solid and / or liquid object with ultrasonic waves, in particular for medical purposes Diagnostics or Echoencephalography, in which ultrasound waves are sent into the object be, characterized in that to replicate the internal structure of the object (O) this layer by layer with regard to certain properties, such as damping capacity, Absorbance, amplification, refractive power, etc. using a recursion method in an imaging medium is shown in mirror image. 2. Recursion method for multi-layered reconstruction or mapping the internal structure of a solid, liquid or solid-liquid object The aid of ultrasonic waves according to claim 1, characterized in that in the recursion method the object is activated for a certain period of time in such a way that the i-th step of the method by means of a pulse generator 6 a coherent monocromatic wave impulse (P1> Pti), which outside the object (L1, L2 ...) is generated and that by the i-th layer <Li) des in a coupling medium arranged object passes through during the period, two additional Pulses are generated, one of which is a pulse (Ri) information regarding absorption capacity in the layer and the other pulse (Ti) contains information about the speed of propagation of waves in the layer, whereby the image layers (I1 ... Ii 1) in one Imaging medium are generated that the image layers (11, 1 Ii- 1) in the Imaging medium 1 are included, each having the same refraction and absorption properties how their corresponding layers in the object (L1, L2, ... Li 1) have and that each imaging layer (Ij: j: 1,2 ... i1) with respect to the plane in which the pulse generator <G) is a mirror image of the corresponding layer in to the Object represents. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in repetition The following recursion steps are carried out: firstly, generation of a wave pulse outside the object, which then runs through the object to the i-th layer, second, activation of the object between time i2 T and time (i + 1) ^ Tderart that the wave impulse generates two additional impulses (Ri, Ti), third, processing of the first additional pulse <Ri) in such a way that its Information about the absorption capacity at each point in the i-th layer of the Object as reinforcement ability at the corresponding mirror image point is recorded in the corresponding image layer <Ii). 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that an imaging medium 1 is used, which is such that there is an arising in the article Ultrasonic wave amplified so that the amplification factor at each point of the Imaging medium exactly equal to the damping factor at the corresponding point of the is a mirror image of the object and that the passage of time is an in the wave produced by the object can be reconstructed exactly in the imaging medium is. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that for a multilayer reconstruction of the internal structure of a solid, liquid or solid-liquid object, with the help of ultrasonic waves in the recursion process an activation process using a large number of coupling devices, a reconstruction medium or other imaging medium is performed, wherein the additional two impulses (Ri, Ti)> the information relating to the absorption, which is contained in the first of the additional two pulses (Ri) and the speed of propagation of the second of the two additional pulses <Ti) are processed by a object in the i-th layer is activated by the wave (P'i) from the generator (G) is generated outside the object (O) at a point in time so selected is that the pulse (Pi) has already passed through the object in a coupling device (R) ran, in which the direction of propagation of the same was re-dictated, so that it retraces its path exactly through the object to the i-th layer (Li), and the wave Pi and the pulse P'2 then mutually non-linearly influence to generate the two pulses R1 and Ti. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the imaging medium 1 is treated in the following way: An externally applied electromagnetic is applied to 1 Alternating field applied in the microwave frequency range and activated in such a way that 1 its internal amplification capacity at any point proportional to the intensity of an ultrasonic wave changes, which moves through 1 when creating the named field (formula for ai with negative proportionality constants and with the constant expression 1 / T); 1 is applied by the electromagnetic field in conjunction with an externally constant magnetic field activated for the duration of said activation in such a way, that 1 is proportional to its internal propagation characteristics for ultrasonic waves the frequency difference between the fundamental frequency during an ultrasonic wave, which passes through a given point of 1, and the frequency of the in the generator (G) changes ultrasound originally generated during activation; the information with regard to the gain factor that occurs after an earlier impulse has passed through (ru 1) on arrival in the i-th imaging layer of a later, similarly generated Pulse (Ti) is recorded by subsequently passing it through it one another ultrasonic pulse or wave is destroyed or deleted in such a way, that by a momentary increase in the medium pressure or reactivation, the on the application of an electromagnetic alternating field in the microwave range follows a slightly lower intensity than the electromagnetic field mentioned, can be retrieved again in connection with a second magnetic field; and that that Imaging medium 1 by applying an external electromagnetic alternating field with a slightly greater intensity than the aforementioned electromagnetic field, which electromagnetic field (RF field) is called higher intensity after the Change in the internal reinforcement ability has taken place, so aldi fourth becomes that the imaging medium 1 has an internal absorbency at each point which is proportional to the intensity of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the mentioned point of 1 at the time of application of the electromagnetic field hi-n run which was used when changing the amplification capability, The latter field is then called an electromagnetic field of lower intensity will. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that by the Coupling device or the conjugator (R) at the exact point in time at which the conjugator by applying an electromagnetic alternating field in the microwave frequency range is activated, the direction of propagation of any ultrasonic wave that is within of the conjugator is running, is reversed so that the ultrasonic wave its path precisely traced back. 8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the processing of the additional two pulses <Ri, Ti) from a repetition of the following recursion steps consists: the pulse <Pi) is generated in the generator ((3) and runs through the Object to the conjugator, in which its direction of propagation turned around will; the pulse collides with a wave (P'i) in the i-th layer (Li) of the Object that was generated in a similar manner in the generator ((3), such that the two additional ones due to the non-linear interaction between impulse and wave Pulses are generated <Ri, Ti); the second of the additional impulses then runs further through the object to the conjugator, where its direction of movement is reversed becomes and runs back through the object and the generator, the first i-imaging layers, wherein the i-imaging layers by the electromagnetic field with lower Intensity to be activated in conjunction with the second magnetic Field, the second pulse (Ti) reaches the (is th (19) imaging layer (Ii + 1) with a wavefront geometry that is the mirror image of who the Momentum (Ti or P'i) when it was at the (i + 1) -th object layer (Li + 1) (19) located with a mirror image amplitude CA); at what time (15) said (i + 1) -th imaging layer by the electromagnetic field of the higher Intensity is activated in connection with the said electromagnetic field, so that the frequency difference (fi-fo) in the (i + 1) -th image is considered to be an inner one Propagation velocity is drawn from and is the same at every point of the leveling image point at the (i + 1) -th object layer, namely under any Combination of fields provided by other stages of the process the i-image layers were relocated to an earlier location by earlier rushing through the first pulse (Ri) corresponding to the earlier repetitions of the process like this prepared that the absorptivity of each layer is proportional to the i-image layers is to the ratio of the intensities of the first pulse (Rj), which is in the corresponding Object layer <Lj) was generated and preceded the first pulse (Rj- 1), where the newly arrived first pulse (Ri + 1) includes the (i + 1) th image layer an intensive seat achieved that is proportional at any point or point is to its intensity at the corresponding mirror image point, divided by the intensity the pulse preceding the first pulse (Ri); at what time (18) the called (i + 1) th imaging layer exposed to the higher electromagnetic field becomes, but not the said magnetic field (s), that further the absorption capacity information of the newly arrived first impulse (Rl + l) through the electromagnetic field higher intensity is recorded, which is due to the reactivation (15) at a subsequent iteration of the recursion process can be called up again in Form of a strengthening ability that is the same as the ability to absorb the corresponding Image points of the object which are mirror images of points of the (i + 1) -th image layer are located, completing the recursion step as an i-th iteration; that the previously explained recursion process is started again at the zeroth iteration the imaging medium has the same acoustic impedance or homogeneous impedance has like the liquid bath in which the object is contained and with the generator and the coupling device or conjugator (R) is coupled and that the first pulse (Ro), which is outside the object in the liquid bath (Lo) generated by interaction between the impulse <P) and the wave (P'O) is erased while the second pulse (To) continues through the object runs to the conjugator in which it is reversed and through the object, the generator and the imaging medium return to a point> which is a mirror image is located with the generator as a mirror plane to the point that the point of contact of the impulse on the object and that this second impulse is due to activation the electromagnetic field of higher intensity and the aforementioned magnetic field is recorded as the first imaging layer (11) during the time ~ T. 9. reconstruction medium or imaging medium according to claim 6, characterized in that it consists of a uniform homogeneous mixture There are two types aI and nf of microscopic mechanisms that exist in a carrier liquid are included. 10. reconstruction medium according to claim 9, characterized in> that type aI is prepared for operation by temporary pressure, which is greater than the equilibrium pressure at which the mechanisms function perform that this pressure is transferred to the mechanism through the liquid carrier becomes, while at the same time an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity and frequency is applied to the mechanism by means (9) that are located outside of the medium 1 in order to have an adhesive coating <4) on the inner surface of the capsule-shaped (3) micromechanisms above the melting point of the adhesive to heat up while the above the equilibrium state built up Pressure compresses the mechanisms in a compressed state <3b), in which opposite sides of the capsule of the mechanisms lightly touch each other; that the capsules of the mechanisms in the compressed state are smaller Have volume than in their original uncompressed state (3a); that the type al is further prepared for operation in that the electromagnetic Field is reduced until a point in time at which the adhesive temperature falls below its melting point and that the pressure then reaches the equilibrium value is lowered, the electromagnetic field having such an intensity that the adhesive temperature is kept just below the melting point and that during the reduction of the electromagnetic field a constant one Magnetic field is applied to the electrically conductive magnetic Orienting or aligning particles in the adhesive and around them in electrical To keep contact, and that the equilibrium pressure is selected so that the Capsules of the mechanisms remain in their compressed state; that the guy al activated for the expansion function in a stimulating ultrasonic wave Zrd within a period of time no longer than a quarter period from the pressure maximum that a diminished electromagnetic field (b), which is otherwise called the RF field, is applied, which is the adhesive in said prepared compressed mechanism to a temperature warms up, which is just below the melting point; that the micromechanism has a capsule under the said RF field, which is caused by the overpressure of the simulating Ultrasonic wave is slightly squeezed, so that the conductive particles in better electrical contact or Contact are pressed or the electrical resistance of the adhesive is reduced and thereby the temperature of the same within the RF field the melting point is increased, with the capsules being given the option of being in their expanded spherical state (3d) with a probability which is almost proportional to the intensity of the stimulating ultrasound, which within the dynamic range of normal operating sound intensities for the mechanisms of the type al lies, the expansion being the recording process represents; that under a magnetic field with a strength that is less than that of the constant magnetic field and below an electromagnetic one Field of the same frequency, but with an intensity equal to or slightly less than the said electromagnetic field, which electromagnetic field with lower Intensity is called, the mechanism slightly compressed by the overpressure Has capsules and into its spherical shape (3d) with a probability expands, which is almost proportional to the stimulating sound intensity and within the dynamic range, the expansion being referred to as gain is called> if the mechanism is present in medium 1 or conjugation if the mechanism is contained in the coupling device or conjugator <R) is; that the mechanism of the type al is thereby in its compressed state is returned, in which he is with the pressure lying above the equilibrium is squeezed again, causing interrupted Ties or connections of the adhesive are restored, and that then theear Mechanism through the temporary application of the electromagnetic field of higher intensity reactivated so that the earlier expanded capsules expand again (e); that the recording and gain expansions in the medium 1 are subsequent in the way in which the respective capsules after being squeezed again and the reactivation expand again, can be distinguished in the following way: the adhesive does not have its electrical resistance due to the reinforcement expansion diminished, so that unrecorded or occupied capsules of the mechanisms when they lead to a reinforcement in the medium 1, compressed again and reactivated can be without any difference in terms of their original unexpanded and not recording state, while the recording expansions the resistance thereby preventing in the adhesive in which the magnetic particles are misaligned or in some other way the magnetic particles are separated namely according to the deformation of the adhesive and without the orientation and AggregatswiFung the magnetic field, so that the recorded or occupied capsules after renewed compression and reactivation expand again, wherein the mechadsms of the type al in the liquid carrier substance a stimulating ultrasonic wave thereby strengthen or conjugate by the local pressure in their Medium after stimulation by increasing the overpressure accordingly the increase in volume during expansion. 11. Recording medium according to claim 9, characterized in that The mechanisms of type nf have the following structure and functions: The mechanism structure consists of a capsule that is like on its inner side with an adhesive in the case of type aI, it is additionally coated with a magnetic coating Particle on the outer side of the capsule passing through the same elastic material from which the capsule is composed, held on the capsule and held together; that the preparation or processing is the same as in the case of mechanisms of type al, before activation; that under activation in addition to the RF field as for type a1 and with the constant magnetic field of the Coating from the magnetic particles increase the ability of the capsule under low Vibrating compressions and dilutions by a stimulating ultrasonic wave (Q) and that the capsule under activation has a resonance frequency which is equal to the frequency fO generated by the generator (G), so that the probability that the type nf from its mentioned activated state in the presence of the ultrasonic wave expands, due to a slight increase in the frequency of the ultrasound above f0 is greatly diminished; and that the Typenf once expanded into its spherical shape can no longer be returned to its unexpanded state, except through the processing, which is called permanent deletion. 12. Liquid carrier according to claim 9, characterized in that that the carrier medium has the same acoustic impedance as both the mechanisms of the type al as well as the type nf, if these are each compressed in their Condition are d. H. that mixtures of the mechanisms mentioned with the liquid Carrier that is in the prepared but not recording state located, acoustically permeable and homogeneous in terms of acoustic properties are; that the mechanisms of the type al have a lower density in their expanded State than the density of the liquid carrier, so that the mechanisms of the type al which can scatter, absorb or attenuate ultrasonic waves; that the mechanisms of the type nf a mass modulus of elasticity in the liquid carrier substance exhibit when they are under the influence of the lower magnetic field or the constant Magnetic field are located in the State of expansion is less than in the compressed state that the liquid carrier medium when it is with the powder mixed according to the mechanisms of type al and mechanisms of type nf is how it is the case with the imaging medium and when the mechanisms mentioned all pressed into their compressed state creates an acoustic impedance has, which is the same as that of the liquid bath, and that the liquid carrier medium, when all mechanisms are in the compressed state, an internal velocity of propagation for ultrasound, which is just greater than the maximum speed of propagation of the ultrasound in any object to be imaged or of which an image is to be reconstructed.