DE2510952A1 - DEVICE FOR CLEANING HOT EXHAUST GASES - Google Patents

Description

Johann Renneberg, 2848 Lohne, Zur Tonkuhle 18

Device for cleaning hot exhaust gases according to patent (patent application P 2J 21 9 / 6.3-24)

The invention relates to a device for cleaning hot exhaust gases, in particular foing gases, by spraying from V / aaser into the gas stream, whereby the incoming gas stream is cooled first and then into the cooled one Water is sprayed into the gas flow in several spray areas arranged one after the other in the gas flow direction at a distance is, which is collected and discharged below the gas stream, while still being called the incoming Gas flow before spraying in the water for cooling a temperature below 400 ° C air is added, the in the individual spray areas contrary to the Flow direction of the gas stream finely distributed sprayed amounts of water are adjusted so that in a first spray area one essentially in one plane

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Bremen office:
D-2S00 Bremen 1 Postfach 786, Feldstrasse »Telephone: (0421} * 74044 TeIe *: 244958 bopatd Telegr.: Diagram, Bremen

608140/0422

Kontcn.ufeiincii:
Breirtcr Bank, Bremen
(BLZ 29080010) 1001449

PSchA ilg

(BLZ 20010020) 126033 202

Munich office: D 8000 Munich 90 S''hlotlh:; Ticr S'r-'Ge 5 Phone:. ÄJ f> 52321

Teiugr. : TcJepatciit.MÜHchea

wall of water mist lying transversely to the direction of flow '' generated, in a second oorühbereich the resulting gaseous mixture on the upper dew point and finally the mixture in one oi;: third Gorühbereich on the lower Dew point is cooled, with a flow space in which In the gas flow direction, several successively as spray devices for the water serving, the various spray areas defining nozzle arrangements whose nozzle openings are directed against the flow direction of the exhaust gases, according to patent (patent application P 23 21 976.3-24).

The device defined above according to the main patent enables an excellent at high throughput Exhaust gas cleaning, with the risk of corrosion of the internal parts of the flow area compared to known devices, for example, according to US Pat. No. 3,522,000, is largely reduced. By the one provided for in the main patent Arrangement of the nozzle openings, which the sprayed with Chemicals that are suitable for absorbing pollutants from the exhaust gases put water in the opposite direction to the gas flow intimate mixing between the atomized water and the hot gas can be achieved. In this way, exhaust gases with a high concentration of pollutants can also be cleaned, as is also the case in particular with the Incineration of waste and thus, to an increasing extent, plastic incineration occur.

The device according to the main patent has proven itself in principle, but there is a certain disadvantage in that both the problem of the continuous supply of water mixed with pollutant-absorbing chemicals as well as the problem of getting rid of the hot ones

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510952

Exhaust gases filled with pollutants such as acrylic acid, valeric acid, Chloropropionic acid, chloroacetic acid, caproic acid, Butyric acid, formic acid., Acetic acid, sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, sulfuric acid, acrolein, aniline, butylsmin, Phf-Kol, formaldehyde, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, ßchv / efeiv / hydrogen, zinc oxide etc. not yet satisfactory is resolved.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a device to create the genus protected by the main patent, which the exhaust gas cleaning with as little as possible Addition and maximum possible utilization of that Pollutant-absorbing chemicals added to water guarantees that the carrion is the Exhaust gases absorbed pollutants can be exhausted in neutral, solid form.

According to the invention, this task is achieved in that mixed with the pollutant-absorbing chemicals V / ater the nozzle assemblies from a collecting basin continuously can be supplied via a pump device; that means for the continuous withdrawal of absorbed Pollutant-laden water from the pool, to precipitate the pollutants from the withdrawn water and to return the water freed from the pollutants to the basin are provided; and that the concentration of the pollutant-cibsorbing chemicals in the basin means of the continuously returning pure water and one Dosing device can be regulated to a predetermined equilibrium value.

Further advantageous developments of the device according to the invention emerge from the subclaims.

There is an essential part of the inventive concept

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in that the nozzle arrangement ^ -n, the; j-; vohl in Heine οIr. can also be aligned parallel and offset to one another, as is the subject of the relevant submissions ic-l , continuously from a collecting basin or sump with the pollutant-absorbing components, in particular ITaOH, with a pH value of 14 , mixed water /ViK.^j'is stirred, which is then collected again below the Ströüiungsrau -'- oü and runs back into the basin. On the other hand, pollutant-laden water is continuously withdrawn from the basin, which is then precipitated in the evaporator system, whereupon the Eoinwasr.er is returned to the collecting basin. This continuous pure water recirculation, in conjunction with the continuous addition of pollutant-absorbing chemicals (also known as neutralizing agents), results in an equilibrium operation that ensures optimal utilization of the chemicals supplied while at the same time ensuring low consumption of the same.

As the subclaims show, a special Embodiment of the invention created the possibility incoming hazardous waste, which is particularly toxic leads to burn completely and to clean the resulting exhaust gases, whereby the separated pollutants can be transported away in neutralized form, i.e. in a solid state. It is essential, and it will be viewed as a particular advantage of the device according to the invention that no waste products arise, which would have to be drained off as waste water, whereby it should be noted that in the evaporator system below the acid boiling point work is carried out, whereby the acid-free vapors produced are guaranteed.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description, in which various embodiments based on the Scheiaa-

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b 1 U 9 5 2

tables drawing are explained in detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention with in series nozzle arrangements connected in series in the flow space;

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment, similar to that shown in Fig. 1, "in which, however the nozzle arrangements are horizontally offset from one another (countercurrent principle);

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an extended)

Device according to the invention, in which a hazardous waste incineration plant is connected upstream is;

Fig. ¹ A- a modified embodiment of the

expanded apparatus shown in Figure 3;

5 shows a further modified embodiment the extended device; and

6 shows a further variant of the device according to the invention for systems without the possibility a heat recovery.

As Fig. 1 shows, get in the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown here, which, as in the following embodiments, makes it possible to chemically clean hot exhaust gases, exhaust air and vapors so that they only contain an Eestschadstoffhalt which is far below permissible limit due to the applicable pollution control laws is - all pollutant components can be removed in a process complex with an efficiency of 98 to 99.9% - exhaust gases from the operating system are at a certain temperature in a duct 1 and are routed via an evaporator system 2 for dry evaporation . the existing waste heat of the gases is fully utilized.

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The gas then passes through a supply nozzle Enter a flow chamber and pass the first one here • Nozzle arrangement or washing stage 3i one of the finest mist v / and builds up with treated washing water under a nozzle pressure of 150 ißWS. After flowing through the first In the washing stage, the gas flows through the second washing stage 4, the second washing stage 4 being constructed in the same way is like washing level 3 · After passing through the washing level the gas enters washing stage 5, which is constructed in the same way as washing stages 3 and 4.

The washing stages or nozzle arrangements are designed so that the countercurrent effect after the Main patent is obtained. The washing causes such an adiabatic cooling of the exhaust gases, that the temperature of the gases when leaving the flow chamber is below the lower dew point. After that will be the gases passed through a drip catcher 6 to the Separate plug water, whereupon the gases through a suction fan 7 through a chimney 8 of the outside air are fed.

As the drawing shows, the device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has a pressure loss of 120 mmWS has, a collecting basin 9, which is filled with water and with NaOH or other neutralizing agents are used. the Composition of the washing liquor, for example the NaOH concentration, is dependent on the amount of pollutants and the type of pollutants present in the exhaust gases.

Via a pump 10, caustic is drawn through lines 11, 12, the nozzle arrangements 3, 4, 5 with a pre-pressure of 150 mWS

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supplied to the finest veining, the amount of washing liquor advantageously being set at 1.2 to 1.5 liters / no. of gas. Of this, 40% of the amount of wash liquor goes into the nozzle arrangement 3 and 30 % of the amount of wash liquor in each case goes into the nozzle arrangements 4 and 5.

The neutralization solution sprayed into the hot exhaust gas stream binds the existing pollutants and separates them through the condensation in connection with the washing liquor when the temperature drops below the lower dew point. During this process, the gas becomes saturated up to 100 % relative light. The excess washing liquor with the bound pollutants flows back via a return line 14 into the basin 9, into which the flight water also reaches via a drainage line 15.

As much fresh water is continuously fed to the basin 9 via a fresh water line 23 as through the Saturation of the gases to 100% relative humidity of washing liquor has been lost. About the ability to bond bzv /. To ensure the absorption capacity of the washing liquor, the basin 9 is constantly supplied with as much neutralization solution from a metering tank 24 via a metering pump 25 and a line 26 supplied as required to maintain a constant pH of 14.

Simultaneously with the above process, pollutants are continuously enriched via a suction line 18 Wash liquor from the basin 9 by a pump 19 a Preheater 20 is supplied to the evaporator system 2. In the evaporator system the lye is completely evaporated, with the water vapor at a temperature of 101 G over a Steam line 21 is passed through a preheater 20.

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The liquor supplied to the evaporator is in the preheater 20 accordingly preheated. Then the water vapor as wet steam or pure water via a pipe 22 back into the basin 9.

lisch, a certain, previously calculable operating time, a state of equilibrium occurs in which the Pollutant concentration in the basin 9 is so large that the proportion of pollutants, which by the pump 19 with the liquor is sucked from the basin 9 and pumped to the evaporator system 2, is the same as the content of pollutants that come through the laundry via the return line 14 · can be fed back into the basin 9. A state of equilibrium is thus reached, so that always a constant pollutant concentration in the. Basin 9 is present. Due to the continuous addition of fresh water and return steam (pure water) the evaporator system is a continuous dilution given the lye in the basin 9, whereby a substantial saving of neutralizing agent to maintain the pH value of 14- occurs. In addition, a continuous occurs Pool water renewal, which is determined by the fresh water or pure water return volume.

The complete evaporation of the washing liquor in the evaporator 2 creates a dry product in which all pollutants from the exhaust gases, including dust, are contained in an alkaline bond. This dry matter is about a Screw transport 27 into an outlet 28 and from there to Discharge brought. The recovered dry substances can be disposed of safely due to their alkaline bond will.

At lower gas inlet temperatures, the final

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drying (evaporator system) an additional combustion with oil or gas can be used. This additional firing is designed in such a way that the Schiieckenaustragsbor-jicii serves as a heating surface. The resulting ab ^ rso v / ground in the existing exhaust gas and supplied to the cleaning with di ο * ■■ :: &. The pollutants contained therein are also completely removed during washing.

The embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 2 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 in that the nozzle arrangements 3 ₅ ^, 5 are not arranged at the same height one behind the other, but are horizontally offset from one another. This creates the possibility of removing pollutants that can be precipitated or absorbed only by different chemicals added to the water from the exhaust gas flow, which reverses its flow direction several times in the flow chamber, by supplying a different caustic solution to each nozzle arrangement. With this configuration, one is therefore able to operate with several neutralization components in order to bind the individual types of pollutants with the respective neutralization component in the case of gases with a large number of different pollutants. Of course, a separate return or a separate basin with subsequent pollutant precipitation must also be provided for each nozzle arrangement.

3 to 5 show different exemplary embodiments of an extended device according to the invention, in which the device complex shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preceded by a garbage or hazardous waste incineration plant. .The waste product is guided via a conveyor belt 01 in the opening of a loading chamber 02, which is opened in the de-Taktverfabi, wherein the cycle time is dependent on the firing time of the waste product. After opening the loading chamber 02, the waste product arrives

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into the chamber, whereupon the opening is closed again. Then the opening of a main combustion chamber 05
opened, whereupon the waste product can be transported into the chamber by means of a slide. Then it will be
the main combustion chamber opening is closed again, whereupon charging begins again. The loading chamber
serves as a lock at the same time.

The waste product is now burned in the main combustion chamber 03 at temperatures of up to 1500 ^° C., the combustion temperature being dependent on the waste product
can be regulated. The high combustion temperature ensures that the waste product decomposes in such a way that it gasifies and turns into fine gas,

The ash residue produced by various waste products are with a screw conveyor 010 to the

Discharge brought.

External energy can be supplied to the main combustion chamber 03 via a line 020 nozzle assemblies 05 as heating means for auxiliary firing, in the form of oil or gas. The required combustion air is with vacuum firing
Sucked in via suction slots in the double wall of the nozzle block area with the suction fan 8 of the gas cleaning system for combustion in the main combustion chamber. In the case of combustion with overpressure combustion, the combustion air is added by means of a combustion air fan 07 into the double wall of the nozzle block area of the main combustion chamber 03 via the nozzle air supply.

The gases produced by the combustion are passed through a roof deflection into an afterburning chamber 04 and there afterburned. The non-combustion chamber 04 is also included

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Oil or gas heated, with the heating medium required for this is fed to the nozzle assemblies 06 via a line 021. The required combustion air is at Vacuum firing is sucked into the afterburning chamber as with the main combustion chamber, while with combustion Overpressure firing the combustion air with the combustion air fan 07 in the double wall of the nozzle area the afterburning chamber 04 is added for combustion via the nozzle air duct.

The afterburning chamber temperatures are selected between 1200 and 1400 ° C depending on the type of waste product to be burned. The main combustion chamber temperatures are between 100 and 1500 ^o C to ensure a complete decomposition process, even with hazardous waste such as plastic waste or the like, due to the high temperatures.

The combustion gas, which has entered into a chemical bond with the pollutants contained in the waste product and is driven in the main combustion chamber O3 up to a maximum of 1600 ⁰ G, cools down on the cooling surfaces of the outer jacket of the main combustion chamber 03 according to the cooling surface temperature. These so cooled gases pass via the roof deflection in the secondary combustion chamber 04 where it is reheated to a maximum of 1400 ⁰ C to the any remaining coarse gas to decompose in fine gas and reduce still combustible constituents. The gases heated up in the afterburning chamber 04 are in turn cooled down by the cooling surfaces of the afterburning chamber 04 according to the cooling surface temperature.

The gas then enters the evaporator system via the channel already mentioned in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 2 a.

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An additional cooling of the gases in the. Channel 1 takes place in such a way that over one; Fan 015 and one Suction nozzle 016 is pressed into a double wall 017 of the channel 1 air. This air heats up on the inner surfaces of channel 1 on unr] occurs as heating air via a manifold 018 in a supply air channel 019, whereby d. the cleaned gases are heated up in the i'aiain 8 and any condensation there is avoided.

The gases cooled in this way are passed through a heat exchanger 012 in order to release the heat that can still be used. The ⁰ to 200 G has cooled to about I50 gases enter the in connection with Fig. 1 and 2 described flow chamber and are then dusted there and chemically cleaned.

As shown in Fig. 3, can be via a line Pump treated boiler feed water into the preheater 02 for heating. The feed water then passes through a Line 013 into the water and steam room 09 of the incineration plant. Here steam is developed in the steam room, the one Steam pressure of a maximum of 8 kp / cm ", the amount of steam depends on the boiler size. As a rule, it can be expected that around 50% of the input heat will be used as useful heat is available.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, hot water for Heating or hot water systems are pumped from a consumer part 000 into the preheater 012 for preheating. From there, the domestic water arrives in via line 013 the water room 09 of the incinerator. Here it becomes Process water through the heating surfaces of the incinerator

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heated to a maximum of 11O ⁰ C and returned via line 014 to the consumer 000 again. Here too, around 50 % of the input heat is available as useful heat.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, it is indicated in which way both hot air and low water generation can be realized. Process water for the heating or hot water supply is pumped from consumer point 000 into preheater 012 for treatment via line 011. From there, the water is supplied through the line 013 the point of use 000 again, where the water is heated to a maximum of 90 ^0C.

To cool the combustion chamber surfaces, air is used as the coolant by means of a fan 029 via an intake mixing chamber 023 pressed into the space 09 in the wall of the combustion chamber. When passing through, the cooling air is heated to a maximum 200 C on vmd now becomes a mixing chamber via a channel 025 026 printed. A part of the hot air can flow from the mixing chamber 026 via a duct 02? channel 019 for heating the exhaust gases are fed in the chimney 8. Most of the hot air, however, is freely available, e.g. for drying any media or for heating halls or the like. Here, too, are about 50% of the input heat is available as useful heat.

Apparatus shown in Figure 2 and 5 of the drawings shown embodiments of the invention in the same manner as in the in Figure 1 and in Figure - the exhaust gas purification is carried out from the channel 1 also in the in the figures 3 »^...

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In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, to cool the combustion chamber surfaces, air is pressed as a coolant with the fan 029 via the intake mixer 023 into the spaces 09 of the combustion chamber. When passing through, the cooling air heats up to a maximum of 200 ⁰ G and is pressed via channel 025 to mixing chamber 026. Part of the hot air can be fed from the mixing chamber 026 via the channel 027 to the channel 019 for heating the gases in the chimney 8. The major portion of the hot air but is fed from the mixing chamber 026 via the channel 028 the waste gas in duct 1 to cool the gases to below 35O ⁰ C.

It is hereby achieved that the combustion chamber surfaces can be cooled once with an air stream, but also at the same time the gases are cooled in a temperature range in order to achieve a homogeneous connection of the washing liquor mist to ensure with the gas when washing.

A direct use of heat is in this process step not possible.

For economic reasons, this process step should only be used if heat is used is not given in any way.

The features disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the following claims of the invention can be used both individually and in any desired embodiments for the implementation of the invention in its various embodiments may be essential.

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Claims (14)

2 b 1 Ü 9 b Now independent patent application A η s ν ν ü c h e 1. Device for cleaning hot exhaust gases, in particular peing gases, by spraying water into the gas flow, whereby the incoming gas flow is first cooled and then water is sprayed into the cooled gas flow in several spray areas arranged one after the other in the gas flow direction, which water is sprayed below the Gas stream is collected and discharged, with air being added to the incoming hot gas stream before the water is sprayed in for cooling to a temperature below 4-0C ⁰ C, the amounts of water sprayed in finely distributed in the individual spray areas against the flow direction of the gas stream being set in this way that in a first spray area a water mist wall lying essentially in a plane transverse to the direction of gas flow is generated, in a second spray area the resulting gaseous mixture is cooled to the upper dew point and finally the mixture in a third spray area is cooled to the lower dew point is held, with a flow space in which in the gas flow direction several nozzle arrangements serving as spray devices for the water and defining the different spray areas are provided, the nozzle openings of which are opposite to the flow direction. direction of the exhaust gases are directed, according to patent (Patent application P 23 21 976.3-24), characterized in that that the mixed with the pollutant-absorbing chemicals water the nozzle assemblies (3, 4-, 5) from one Collection basin (9) continuously via a pumping device (10) S09SA0 / 0422 is feedable; that facilities (19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 2) for the continuous withdrawal of water laden with absorbed pollutants from the basin (9), for precipitation the pollutants from the withdrawn water and to return the water freed from the pollutants to the Basins are provided; and that the concentration of the pollutant absorbing chemicals in the basin (9) means the continuously returning pure water (22) and a metering device (24, 25) on a predetermined equilibrium value is adjustable " 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction of the nozzle assemblies (3, 4, 5) to be supplied Water by means of the pumping device (10) and the suction of the pollutant-laden water by means of the pump device (19) provided for this purpose separate places in the pelvis (9). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a chemical to be added to the water, preferably NaOH, filled neutralizing agent container (24) with assigned metering device (25). 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pump device (19) from the basin (9) extracted water laden with pollutants flows into an evaporator system to be cleaned by the hot exhaust gases (2) can be introduced and can be returned from there via a pure water line (21, 22) to the basin (9). 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by a discharge device assigned to the evaporator system (2) (27) for the continuous removal of the precipitated, neutral - 2 609840/0422 lized pollutants «, 6. Apparatus according to claim 5 *, characterized ₉ that the discharge device (27) is a screw conveyor. 7. Device according to one of claims 4- "to 6 _2, characterized in that between the pumping device (19) and the Verdampferanlegs (2) a heated by the returning pure water gate warmer (20) is arranged«, 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve assemblies (3, ^ ₉ 3) are arranged in the substantially elongated flow space back = one behind the other. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to _5, characterized in that the nozzle arrangements (3, 4, 5) are arranged vertically and horizontally offset from one another in the flow space. 10. The device according to claim 9 _}, characterized in that each nozzle arrangement is assigned a separate liquid supply and a separate basin (9) with downstream pollutant precipitation. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims _s characterized by one of the evaporator system (2) upstream waste incineration power plant or heating plant < 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the garbage incinerator has a main combustion chamber (03) that can be charged with the garbage to be removed and one Afterburning chamber (04) to free the subsequently in ' the evaporator system (2) has exhaust gases from "combustible components" that can be introduced. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the main and / or the afterburning chamber (03, 04) "as required, can be heated secondarily. 14. The device according to claim 13s characterized by in the main or quay combustion chamber (03, 04) arranged nozzle sticks (05 <> 05) to supply the external energy ο 15 »Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the main combustion chamber (03) and all secondary combustion chamber (04) have an outer jacket cooling system (09) 16 «Device according to one of claims 11 to 15? marked facilities downstream of the incineration for domestic water and / or steam generation.