DE2444301A1 - EXTRUDABLE PROTEIN CONTAINING MASS - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS Λ. * t * t * ♦ O U I

DR.-ING. BY KREISLE-R DR.-ING. SCHÖNWALD

DR.-ING. TH. MEYER DR. FUES DiPL.-CHEM. ALEK VON KREISLER DIPL.-CHEM. CAROLA KELLER DR.-ING. KLDPSCH DIPL.-ING. SELTING

COLOGNE 1, DEICHMANNHAUS

Cologne, September 16, 1974 Kl / Ax

The British Petroleum Company Limited,

Britannic House, Moor Lane, London EC 2Y 9BU (England).

The invention relates to an extrudable protein-containing composition and a method for producing extruded ones proteinaceous masses.

Protein masses are known which contain vegetable protein and, after mixing with water and optionally with other constituents, can be extruded by passing the masses through an extruder ^{under increased pressure at a temperature above 100 ° C.} The increased pressure prevents the water in the extruder from evaporating. When the mass emerges from the extruder, the water is evaporated as a result of the pressure drop to normal pressure, leaving behind a solid, expanded product. This product can be used as food, feed or as a protein additive, for example, to food for humans or to animal feed, in particular to feed for pets. A commonly used source of protein is the protein obtained from soybeans. With certain vegetable proteins, a fiber structure is formed in the extrusion process, and the fiber structure helps to give the product dimensional stability so that the extruded product retains its structure. In pet food, it is important that the product retain its structure when boiled with water

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and not crumbled into a powder. Due to this structural stability, the product can easily be added to meat-containing feedstuffs and / or used as a meat substitute. '.

Furthermore, protein has become available from unicellular microorganisms, and whole or torn cells from Proteins are added to feed as a protein-containing material "

The microorganisms are bacteria \> the unicellular one Mushrooms in question. As examples of bacteria that are used as food and feed or for that use has been suggested include species of the genus Bacillus, e.g., Bacillus subtilis. For example, yeasts, e.g. the species of Saccharomyces, e.g. S. cerevisiae, come as unicellular fungi (Baker's yeast) or species of Candida, e.g. Candida lipolytica or Candida tropicalis. These microorganisms are generally produced in large quantities a fermentation process is generated in which the microorganism is preferably continuously in a culture medium, that a carbohydrate or a hydrocarbon as a carbon source, an aqueous nutrient medium, which contains a solution of nutrient salts necessary for the growth of the microorganism and a contains gas containing free oxygen is grown. The cultivated microorganism is then: Culture medium, for example by centrifugation or Filtration separated, taking a cream or paste that the microorganism in contact with some culture medium contains, is obtained «The aqueous phase of the cream or paste is then obtained, for example by drying such as spray drying, drying on the drum dryer or in the floor dryer removed, the dried microorganism is obtained. The dried microorganism obtained by these drying processes is im

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generally a powder, the particle size of which depends on the applied dry process is different. Each particle consists of an aggregate of a large number of cells. The powders are generally free flowing or pourable and can either be used as such or, after some modification, as a protein supplement be used for feed.

However, the proteinaceous ones have been found to be unicellular Microorganisms "do not result in a product when extruded according to conventional methods, which in boiling water remains sufficiently dimensionally stable.

The invention relates to a mass which contains unicellular microorganisms and forms a solid mass with improved structural and dimensional stability can be extruded. This extrudable proteinaceous mass contains a unicellular microorganism and corn.

The unicellular microorganism can be obtained from the cream or paste obtained by growing the Microorganism formed aqueous suspension of the microorganism is obtained. According to the invention can the proteinaceous mass can be formed by drying the cream or paste for example by means of a Dry powder formed by spray drying or drying on the drum dryer is added to the other ingredients and the ingredients are mixed »The cells of the microorganism can be whole or torn.

Preferred microorganisms are the yeasts, in particular the yeasts grown on hydrocarbons. Examples of suitable yeasts are those of the genus Candida, e.g., Candida tropicalis, Candida lipolytica and Candida blankii.

The mass preferably contains $ 80 to $ 20 of the unicellular organism and $ 20 to $ 80 corn, preferably 60 to 4070 unicellulars

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and 40 to 6Q ^c / o corn. These quantities "relate to the dry weight of the mass.

The mass according to the invention preferably contains 1 to 20 percent of another proteinaceous material, bezopen on the total dry weight of the mass. Casein is particularly preferred as protein-containing materials and gluten, e.g., wheat or corn gluten.

The "preferred measures contain $ 55 to $ 35 of the unicellular Microorganism, $ 55 to $ 35 corn and $ 1 to $ 10 other proteinaceous material, based in each case on the dryness of the mass.

The mass according to the invention can be extruded into an extruded c Product can be transferred by adding water / water and heating the mixture and applying shear forces exposed and passed through an extruder.

The invention accordingly also encompasses manufacture of an extruded product according to a process which is characterized in that a mixture containing Water, which contains a unicellular microorganism and corn, is heated and exposed to one at the same time Shear force and the mixture is then extruded under pressure to form a structured product »

The mixture is preferably heated and sheared in an extruder.

The mixing with water can be done before the mixture is fed into the extruder, or the solid materials and the water can be fed into the extruder at the same time. Any extrusion process can be applied. In this process, a paste of the solid materials in the water is made subjected to simultaneous action of heat and shear forces under pressure and pressed out through a nozzle,

where it is extruded.

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A screw extruder is preferred as the extruder. This type of extruder is with a jacketed barrel Mistake. A heating medium can be passed through the jacket. There is an Archimedean compression screw in the cylinder arranged, and the material to be extruded is fed into the screw and with the help the screw is pressed through the cylinder to the nozzle, where it is squeezed out. For example, extruders are suitable, which are sold under the name "Wenger X5".

The corn is preferably used in the form of maize meal, maize meal or broken maize "The particle size of the corn is not of decisive importance, however, is the appearance of the final product, the better the finer the particle size of the corn is ₀ Torzugsweise the average particle size of the corn under 2 mm.

preferably

The mixture contains / 5 to 100 parts by weight of water, in particular 15 to 50 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of dry weight of the mass to be extruded. The proportions of the other constituents have already been mentioned: 80 to 20% by weight, preferably 60 to 40% by weight of single-celled cells, 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight of corn, and preferably 1 up to 20% by weight> other protein-containing material, casein and gluten, for example wheat or corn gluten, being particularly preferred. Preference is given to mixtures comprising 55 to 35 wt _o - $ protozoa, 55 to 35 wt .- ö maize and 1 to 10 wt .- / "contain other proteinaceous material. All of the above-mentioned amounts relate to the dry weight of the mixture, ie not counting the amount of water added.

Surprisingly, the method according to the invention leads to a product that is more resistant to water is as a mixture that consists exclusively of a unicellular microorganism with added protein such as Casein is made. Because of this, this result can

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Product of the method according to the invention used as protein and / or meat substitute in animal feed will"

Other proteins, e.g. vegetable protein, may also be present in the mixtures and products according to the invention be"

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

example 1

Dry yeast was obtained from a culture medium produced by fermentation of the yeast Candida lipolytica on n-paraffinic hydrocarbons. The culture medium was centrifuged to obtain a yeast cream having about 15% by weight solids. This yeast cream was dried in a spray dryer with an inlet air temperature of 320 ⁰ G, and an outlet air temperature of 115 C dried to give the dry yeast was obtained. ;

A mixture obtained by mixing 45% by weight of the dry yeast, 45% by weight of corn meal with an average particle size of about 1 mm and 10% by weight of casein was placed in the hopper of an extruder with the trade name " Wenger, where X5 ", which essentially consists of a filling funnel, a jacketed [cylinder, arranged in the cylinder screw and a nozzle. A "5 head" grain screw with a nozzle was used as the nozzle and screw. The throughput through the extruder was 250 g / minute. Water vapor was introduced through the jacket. The rotation speed of the screw was 500 rpm. The mixture was squeezed out through the nozzle kept at 127 ° C., whereby an expanded product was obtained.

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After extrusion, the extruded product was dried for 30 minutes in an oven at 70 to 10O ⁰ C. This dried extruded product was boiled in an autoclave at 1.05 atmospheres for 20 minutes and then cooled, whereupon the product was examined. “It was still essentially correct and could be handled without crumbling. ',

Example 2 _;

The experiment described in Example 1 was carried out with various mixtures passed through the extruder ■ were repeated. The results are shown in Table 1 below. !

Table 1

Starting mixtures

Condition of the products after treatment in the autoclave

Essentially flawless, could be handled without having to crumble.

1) 47.5 & ew.- ^c / o yeast

47 s 5% by weight of corn meal 5% by weight of casein

2) 45 GeWo- $ yeast

45 GeWo- $ corn meal 10 wt .- ^ wheat gluten

3) 47.5% by weight yeast "47.5% by weight corn meal 5% by weight > wheat gluten

The mass produced in Experiment 2 was after one Treatment time of 40 minutes in the autoclave is still stable.

Example 3

The experiment described in Example 1 was repeated, but instead of the screw used there, ' and nozzle uses an "8 head" TSP screw and nozzle.

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The results after autoclaving various mixtures are shown in Table 2 below called. The mixtures made up of 100 / o yeast and $ 100 corn passed were included for comparison to illustrate the superiority of the blends according to the invention.

Corn Table 2 treatment
Autoclaves duration in Weight-36 0 20 minutes 40 minutes yeast 50 unstable unstable 100 60 stable stable 50 100 K 40 unstable unstable 0

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Claims (17)

Patent claims 1) Extrudable protein-containing compositions, characterized in that they are a unicellular microorganism and corn contain » 2) Extrudable masses according to claim 1, characterized in that they are 80 to 20 wt "- $ of the unicellular Microorganism and 20 "to 80% by weight of corn," based on the dry weight of the mass, included <> 3) Extrudable compositions according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they contain 60 "to 4-0 Gew .- ^ of the unicellular microorganism and 40" to 60 Gew.- ^c / o corn, "based on the dry weight of the cash register . 4) Extrudable compositions according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they are a unicellular microorganism grown in a culture medium containing a hydrocarbon as a carbon source has been. ; 5) Extrudable compositions according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that they contain a yeast as a microorganism. 6) Extrudable compositions according to Claims 1 to 5> characterized in that they are a yeast as the microorganism which are grown in a culture medium containing a hydrocarbon as a carbon source has been. 7) extrudable masses according to claim 5, characterized in that that they contain a yeast of the genus Candida which utilizes hydrocarbons as yeast. 8) Extrudable masses according to claim 7, characterized 809812/086 ^ - ίο - records that they contain Candida tropicalis or Candida lipolytica as yeast. 9) Extrudable compositions according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they also 1 to 10 wt .- ^ contain another proteinaceous material " 10) Extrudable masses according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they are 55 to 35 wt. the unicellular microorganism, 35 to 55 wt .- ^ maize and 1 to 10 wt -. contain ° / o of the other proteinaceous material. 11) Extrudable compositions according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that they are used as another protein-containing Material contain casein or essential wheat gluten. ! 12) Process for the production of an extruded product from the proteinaceous mass according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a mass according to claims 1 to 11 is mixed with water and the resulting The mixture is heated and at the same time subjected to the action of a shear force. 13) The method according to claim 12, characterized in that verarbsitet a mixture comprising 5 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 50 wt _o parts by water per 100 includes, parts by dry weight of the composition. 14) Process according to claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the mixture is heated in an extruder and subjected to the action of shear force. 15) Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the water is used simultaneously with the protein-containing Feeds mass into the extruder. 509812/0864 16) Process according to claims 12 Ms 15 _5, characterized in that the shark is used in the form of corn meal, corn meal or broken corn. 17) Process according to claims 12 "to 16, characterized in that corn with a particle size of less than 2 mm is used 9812/0864 ORIGINAL INSPECTED