DE2436546A1 - Energy saving vehicle transmission - with electric motors and flywheel to store braking energy - Google Patents

Energy saving vehicle transmission - with electric motors and flywheel to store braking energy

Info

Publication number
DE2436546A1
DE2436546A1 DE2436546A DE2436546A DE2436546A1 DE 2436546 A1 DE2436546 A1 DE 2436546A1 DE 2436546 A DE2436546 A DE 2436546A DE 2436546 A DE2436546 A DE 2436546A DE 2436546 A1 DE2436546 A1 DE 2436546A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
flywheel
electric machine
drive unit
drive
gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE2436546A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Helmut Koerner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2434021A external-priority patent/DE2434021A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE2436546A priority Critical patent/DE2436546A1/en
Priority to DE2441583A priority patent/DE2441583A1/en
Publication of DE2436546A1 publication Critical patent/DE2436546A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The engine of the vehicle drives the transmission via an epicyclic gear box (4, 5) and a differential (9) on the back axle. An electric motor/generator (2) is driven by a coupling to the gear box to drive a flywheel (11) up to a fast speed to store energy. A similar electric motor/generator (3) on the back axle operates as a brake for regenerative braking to drive the first electric motor and store the energy in the flywheel. A control (12) regulates the functions of the two motors/generators. The flywheel can be set rotating while the vehicle is stationary so that added torque is available for starting. The flywheel drives the first motor/generator to generate current to drive the motor/generator (3) on the rear axle differential.

Description

A n t r i e b s a g g r e g a t Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Antriebsaggregat, vorzugsweise für Kraftfahrzeuge aller Art, mit einem Primärmotor, der durch ein Planetengetriebe mit zwei Elektromaschnen zusammenarbeitet, wobei ein Energiespeicher vorgesehen ist, der Überschuß- und Bremsener-?e aufnimmt und sie bei Bedarf mittels einer der Elektromaschinen als Antriebeenergie wieder abgibt. Ein solches Antriebsaggregat ist bereits in der Patentanmeldung P 24 34 W'1.4 beschrieben, demgegenüber dieses Antriebaggregat auf Grund seiner besonderen Konstruktion und virkweise noch weitere Vorteile bietet. A n t r i e b s a g g r e g a t The invention relates to a Drive unit, preferably for all types of vehicles, with a primary engine, which works together with two electric machines through a planetary gear, whereby an energy storage device is provided which absorbs excess and braking energy and if necessary, emits it again as drive energy by means of one of the electric machines. Such a drive unit is already described in patent application P 24 34 W'1.4, in contrast, this drive unit due to its special design and virkweise offers even more advantages.

Für die Eignung eines Antriebssystems für Kraftfahrzeuge - vor allem für F@@-sind neben den Baukosten auch das Antriebsgewicht und das Bauvolugen von entscheidender Bedeutung; alle drei Größen sollten so gering wie möglich sein. Bei Antriebsaggregaten mit Energiespeichern zur Erfüllung der Erfordernisse der Energiewirtschaft und des Ur;welt;chutzes hat darauf der Energiespeicher wesentlichen Einfluß, wobei es hierbei nicht allein auf das daß der Energiedichte des jeweiligen Speichers ankommt, wenn z.B. die Kosten im Vordergrund stehen. Akkumulatoren als Energiespeicher für Antriebsaggregate der bezeichneten Art sind bei dem erforderlichen Speichervermögen und Spannungerzustand für einen leistungsstarken Kraftfahrzeugantrieb teuer und haben zudem noch ein großes Gewicht und Bavolumen. Es sind auch elektrisch betriebene Antriebsaggregate bekannt, die mit einem Schwungrad als Energiespeicher arbeiten, das seine gespeicherte kinetische energie auf Elektromotore überträgt, nachdem es zuvor auf eine hohe Drehzahl gebracht worden ist. Die bekannten Lösungen dieser Art haben keine Eignung für Kraftfahrzeuge, die lange Strecken ohne Fahrunterbrechungen und unter dauerndem Leistungverbrauch zu bewiltigen haben; außerdem arbeiten sie noch mit einer inangelhaften Wirtschaftlichkeit.For the suitability of a drive system for motor vehicles - above all for F @@ - are not only the construction costs but also the drive weight and the construction volume of crucial; all three sizes should be as small as possible. at Drive units with energy storage devices to meet the requirements of the energy industry and the protection of the primordial world, the energy storage system has a significant influence on this, whereby it is not just a matter of the energy density of the respective storage unit, if, for example, the focus is on costs. Accumulators as energy storage for Drive units of the type indicated are with the required storage capacity and tension condition for a high-performance automotive drive, expensive and They also have a great weight and volume. They are also electrically operated Drive units known that work with a flywheel as an energy store, which transfers its stored kinetic energy to electric motors after it has been brought up to a high speed beforehand. The known solutions of this Kind are unsuitable for motor vehicles that travel long distances without interrupting the journey and have to deal with constant power consumption; besides, they work still with inadequate profitability.

Die angeführten Wängel vermeidet die Lösung nach der Erfindung, die dadurch ein leistungsstarkes und sehr wirtschaftlich arbeitendes Antriebsaggrerat von geringem Gewicht und Raumbedarf darstellt, das sich auch durch geringere Baukosten den bekannten Lösungen gegegenüber auszeichnet. Dieses Antriebsaggregat arbeitet dabei in bekannter Weise so mit einem Primärmotor, etwa ein Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotor, der mit Planetenränder durch den gemeinsamen Träger dieser Röder ein mit einer abtreibenden Welle verbundenes Sonnenrad und ein weiteres Sonnenrad zu den Planetenrädern antreibt, das verbunden ist mit einer einem Energiespeicher ange-Schlossener Elektromaschine. Diese Elektromaschine arbeitet zusammen mit einer in Antriebverbindung mit der abtreibenden Welle stehenden Elektromaschine, welche wechselweise als speichernde und als antreibende Maschine ein- und umstellbar ist.The listed Wängel avoids the solution according to the invention thus a powerful and very economically working drive unit of low weight and space requirement, which is also due to lower construction costs compared to the known solutions. This drive unit works while in known way with a primary engine, such as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the one with planetary edges through the common carrier of this Röder one with an aborting one Drives the sun gear connected to the shaft and another sun gear to the planet gears, which is connected to an electric machine connected to an energy storage device. This electric machine works together with one in drive connection with the driven one Shaft standing electric machine, which alternately as storing and driving Machine can be set and changed.

Tjas Besonders des Antriebsaggregates nach der iLrfindung besteht darin, daß der Energiespeicher durch ein Schwungrad gebildet ist, welches in Mitnahmeverbindung mit einer Elektromaschinesteht, die durch ein könnenrad über eine schaltbare Wellenkupplung-vorzugsweise eine Selbsttätig sich ein- und ausschaltende ..,berhol- und Freilaufkupplung - o so angetrieben wird, daß ein abfallen der Drehzahl des Primärmotors mit den Planetenträger einen Freilauf des Schwungrades mit der angeschlossenen Elektromaschine mit sich bringt. Dabei sind solche bohalt- und Steuermittel für die beiden Elektromaschinen vorgesehen, die einen variebel steuerbaren Leistungsdurchsatz durch beide Elektromaschinen wechselweise in beiden R Richtungen ermöglichen, einschließlich einen Nulldurchsatz von Leistung gleichzeitig in beiden aschinen.Tjas especially the drive unit after the iLrfindung exists in that the energy store is formed by a flywheel which is in driving connection with an electric machine, which is driven by a can wheel via a switchable shaft coupling - preferably an automatically switching on and off .., overrunning and overrunning clutch - o is driven so that a drop in the speed of the primary motor with the planet carrier a freewheel of the flywheel with the connected electric machine with it brings. There are such control and control means for the two electric machines provided that a variable controllable power throughput through both electric machines allow alternately in both R directions, including zero throughput of power in both machines at the same time.

Die eichnung gibt ein Antriebsaggregat nach der Erfindung fiir ein Kraftfahrzeug schematisch wieder und liegt der folgenden näheren Beschreibung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels zugrunde, die dabei auch noch naher auf konstruktive iwandlun:;en sowie auf bedeutsame Ausbaumöglichkeiten eingeht Der irimarmotor 1 des dargestellen Antriebsaggregates steht ständig durch ein Llanetenetriebe mit zei Elektromaschinen 2, 3 in Antriebsverbindun:g, wobei er mit Planetenrädern 4 durch den gemeinsamen Träger 5 dieser oder zwei Sonnenräder nämlich ein mit der abtriebenden elle 6 dieses Aggregates verbundenes Hohlrad 7 und ein Zentralrad 8 antreibt, das mit einer der beiden Elektromaschinen 2, 3 verbunden ist. Die andere Elektromaschine 3 ist drehfest mit der abtreibenden Welle 6 verbunden, aus der die Antriebsleistung des Aggregate durch ein Differentialgetriebe 9 auf die beiden Ifriebr-ider 10 des Fahrzeuges verteilt wird.The calibration gives a drive unit according to the invention Motor vehicle schematically again and is the following more detailed description of this Embodiment based, which is also closer to constructive iwandlun:; en as well as significant expansion options The irimarmotor 1 of the illustrated The drive unit is constantly by a planetary gear with two electric machines 2, 3 in Antriebsverbindun: g, where he with planet gears 4 through the common Carrier 5 of these or two sun gears namely one with the output element 6 of this Unit connected ring gear 7 and a central gear 8 drives, which with one of the two electrical machines 2, 3 is connected. The other electric machine 3 is non-rotatable connected to the output shaft 6, from which the drive power of the units distributed by a differential gear 9 to the two Ifriebr-ider 10 of the vehicle will.

Die durch die Planetenräder 4 im Antriebszustand des Fahrzeuges über das Zentralrad 8 angetriebene Elektromaschine 2 arbeitet in diesem Zustand als Generator zur Stromerzeugung für die andere, mit als Hilfsmotor wirkt. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Antriebsdabei als Hilfsmotor wirkt. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Antriebsleistung des Primärmotors 1 fließt über die Planetenräder 4 und das Hohlrad 7 direkt in die abtreibende Welle 6 des Aggregates, das dadurch auch in diesem Betriebszustand einen gluten Übertragungswirkungsrad bietet. Je nach Größe des Fahrwiderstandes ist das Reaktionsmoment an dem Zentralrad 8 aus den Planetenradern 4 zum Antrieb der stromerzeugenden Elektromaschine 2 in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Einstellung des Primärmotors 1 verschieden groß, so daß ein starker Fahrwiderstandétwa auf ansteigenden Fahrstreckenéine höhere Drehzahl an dieser Maschine 2 bewirkt als ein schwacher Fahrwiderstand. Diese höhere Generator-Drehzahl läßt die Elektromaschine 2 Strom mit einer entsprechend hohen Starke erzeugen, mit der die andere Elektromaschine 3 ein entsprechend kräftiges Antriebsmoment an der Welle 6 zusätzlich zu dem Drehmoment aus der direkten Übertragung des Primärmotors 1 aufbrin-t. Von Einfluß ist dabei auch das Reihenschlußverhalten der antreibenden Elektromaschine 3, welches bei der Überwindung des großen Fahrwiderstandes in dem Zustand der dadurch herabgesetzten Drehzahl an der abtreibenden Welle 6 dazu beiträgt, das die hohe Drehzahl der stromerzeugenden lektromaschine 2 ein kräftimes zusätzliches Antriebsmoment durch die andere Elektromaschine 3 entstehen läßt.The through the planet gears 4 in the drive state of the vehicle the central wheel 8 driven electric machine 2 operates as a generator in this state to generate electricity for the other, with acts as an auxiliary engine. An essential part the drive acts as an auxiliary motor. A significant part of the drive power of the primary motor 1 flows via the planet gears 4 and the ring gear 7 directly into the abortive shaft 6 of the unit, which also in this operating state a gluten transmission effect. Depending on the size of the driving resistance, that is Reaction torque at the central wheel 8 from the planetary gears 4 to drive the power generating Electric machine 2 as a function of the respective setting of the primary motor 1 of different sizes, so that there is a strong driving resistance on ascending routes causes higher speed on this machine 2 than a weak driving resistance. These higher generator speed leaves the electric machine 2 current with a corresponding generate high strength, with which the other electric machine 3 a correspondingly powerful Drive torque on the shaft 6 in addition to the torque from the direct transmission of the primary motor 1. The series connection behavior also has an influence the driving electric machine 3, which in overcoming the large driving resistance in the state of the thereby reduced speed on the output shaft 6 to this contributes that the high speed of the electricity generating electric machine 2 a powerful additional drive torque can arise through the other electric machine 3.

Auf der ivelle der durch das Zentralrad 8 angetriebenen Elektromaschine 2 sitzt fest ein Schwungrad 11 als Energiespeicher dieses Antriebsaggregates mit dem geforderten geringen Gewicht und iSauvolumen, das im Vergleich zu elektrischen Akkumulatoren auch nur geringe ICosten erfordert. Das Konzept dieses Antriebsaggregates beruht darauf, daß bei einem solchen Aggregat mit Primärmotor insbesondere für einen PF.W-Antrieb Speicherenergie im Eigentlichen nur für das Beschleunigen des Kraftfahrzeuges zur Verfügung stehen muß, nicht aber für ein Fahren über längere Dauer mit gleichbleibender Geschwindigkeit oder gar mit der Höchstgeschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges. Die Fahrzeug-Höchstgeschwindigkeit wird auch bei dieses Antriebsaggregat nur durch die Leistung des Primärmotors 1 bestimmt, der in diesem Fahrzustand allein den Antrieb des Fahrzeuges ohne nennenswerte Übertragungsverluste bewirkt. Demgemäß ist das Speicherhervermögen des Schwungrades 11 darauf abgestimmt, daß dieses Antriebsaggrerat fähig ist, das fahrzeug aus dem Stand heraus bis zur Höchstgeschwindigkeit kräftig mit stufenloser Drehzahl- und Drehmomentwandlung und ohne Kraftflußunterbrechungen zu beschleunigen. Auch ein zügigen überholen anderer Kraftfahrzeuge mit Untersützung durch Speicherenergie aus dem Schwungrad 11 gehört mit zum Vermögen dieses Antriebsaggregates. Ein solches Speicherenergie, wenn durch ein Einstellen des Primärmotors 1 ohne Speicherenergie, wenn durch ein Einstellen des Primärmotors 1 auf sein maximales Drehmoment eine hohe Generator-Drehzahl an der Elektromaschine 2 dadurch ein starkes Drehmoment an der zum beschleunigten Überholen als Hilfsmotor immer mit eingesetzten Elektromaschine 3 erzeugt wird. Je geringer dabei die Drehzahl des abtreibenden Hohlrades 7 ist, umso größer bei unveränderter 1Jretizahl des Primärmotors 1 mit dem Planetenträger 5 die Generator-Drehzahl der Elektromaschine 2 Die höchste Drehzahl erreichen diese Maschine 2 und das auf seiner Welle sitzende Schwungrad 11 im Fahrzeugstillstand bei Maximaldrehzahl des Primärmotors 1. Schon bei einer Zähnezahlgleichheit zwischen dem Zentralrad 8 und den Planetenrädern 4 dreht sich das Schwungrad 11 mit der angeschlossenen Elektromaschine 2 in diesem Zustand viermal so schnell wie der Prim-armotor 1 mit dem Planetenträger 5. Das Schwungrad 11 kann deshalb ohne Schwierigkeit bereits vor Fahrbeginn bei festbremstem Fahrzeug je nach den Zähnezahlverhältnissen im Getriebe auf eine Drehzahl von weit Über 20 000 U/min zugunsten einer großen Energie speicherung gebracht werden. Die für das Schwungrad 11 erreichbare hohe Drehzahl laßt deshalb vorteilhafterweise auch mit einem relativ leichten und kleinen Schwungrad auskommen, gleich der angeschlossenen Blektromaschine 2. Die in einem Steuerorgan 12 für beide Elektromaschinen 2, 3 vereinigen Schalt- und Steuermittel dieses intriebsaggregates bewirken, daß an der mit dem Schwungrad 11 rotierenden Elektromaschine 2 solange kein Drehmoment einzuleiten ist, solange kein Strom in die andere Elektromaschine 3 fließt, gleichgültig, ob das im Fahrzeugstillstand oder während der Fahrt der Fall ist.On the level of the electric machine driven by the central wheel 8 2 sits firmly with a flywheel 11 as an energy storage device for this drive unit the required low weight and volume compared to electrical Batteries also require only a low cost. The concept of this drive unit is based on the fact that in such a unit with a primary engine in particular for one PF.W drive Storage energy actually only for accelerating the vehicle Must be available, but not for driving over a longer period of time with a constant Speed or even at the maximum speed of the vehicle. The vehicle's top speed will also be at this drive unit only through the power of the Primary motor 1 determines which alone drives the vehicle in this driving state without significant transmission losses. Accordingly, the memory capacity is of the flywheel 11 coordinated that this drive unit is capable of the vehicle from standstill up to top speed vigorously with stepless Speed and torque conversion and to accelerate without power flow interruptions. Also a quick overtaking of other motor vehicles with the support of storage energy from the flywheel 11 is part of the property of this drive unit. One such Storage energy, if by setting the primary motor 1 without storage energy, if by setting the primary motor 1 to its maximum torque a high generator speed on the electric machine 2 results in a strong torque on the electric machine that is always used as an auxiliary engine for accelerated overtaking 3 is generated. The lower the speed of the driven ring gear 7 is, the greater with unchanged 1Jretizummer of the primary engine 1 with the planet carrier 5 the generator speed of the electric machine 2 They reach the highest speed Machine 2 and the flywheel 11 sitting on its shaft when the vehicle is stationary at maximum speed of the primary motor 1. Even if the number of teeth is equal between the central wheel 8 and the planetary gears 4, the flywheel 11 rotates with the connected In this state, the electric machine 2 is four times as fast as the primary motor 1 the planet carrier 5. The flywheel 11 can therefore already without difficulty before starting the journey with the vehicle locked, depending on the number of teeth in the gearbox to a speed of well over 20,000 rpm in favor of a large amount of energy storage to be brought. The high speed achievable for the flywheel 11 therefore leaves advantageously manage with a relatively light and small flywheel, equal to the connected sheet metal machine 2. The one in a control element 12 for both Electric machines 2, 3 combine switching and control means of this intriebsaggregates cause that on the rotating with the flywheel 11 electric machine 2 as long no torque needs to be introduced as long as there is no current in the other electric machine 3 flows, indifferent, whether that is when the vehicle is stationary or during the trip is the case.

Für das hochfahren des Schwungrades 11 im Fahrzeugstillstand steht deshalb die Antriebsleistung des Priarmotors 1 voll zur Verfügung, so daß die Maximaldrehzahl des Schwungrades 11 bereits in einigen sekunden erreicht sein kann.To raise the flywheel 11 when the vehicle is stationary therefore the drive power of the primary motor 1 is fully available, so that the maximum speed of the flywheel 11 can be reached in a few seconds.

erfolgt nunmehr ein Starten des Fahrzeu.,es mit Leistungsfluß gleichzeitig aus dem Primärmotor 1 und aus der Elektromaschine 3 in die ab treibende elle 6, so ste.ht ein sehr starkes Drehmoment an dieser Welle zum Beschleuniven des Fahrzeuges zur Verfügung, weil mit dem einstellen der antreibenden Elektromaschine 3 dafür auf größten Leistungsdurchsatz die Speicherenergie des Schwungrades 11 aktiviert wird und in Form von Strom großer starke aus der anreschlossenen Elektromaschine 2 in die antreibende nlektromaschine 3 fließt. Das Steuerorgan 12 ermöglicht eine fein dosierbare stufenlose Einstellung zwischen einem Nulldurchsatz von Leistung durch die beiden Elektromaschinen 2, 3 und einem llaximaldurchsatz für ein Fahrzeugbeschleunigen entsprechend dem bekannten "kick down"-Effekt bei Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem herkömmlichen automatischen Getriebe. Besonders günstig bei diesem Antriebsaggregat ist auch, daß selbst bei der stärksten Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges die Energie des Schwungrades 11 nicht so schnell aufgezehrt wird wie sie zuvor im Fahrzeugstillstand gespeichert worden ist, weil auch während dieses Beschleunigens noch ein kräftiges Antriebsmoment an dem Zentralrad 8 aus den Planetenrädern 4 für die Elektromaschine 2 mit dem Schwungrad 11 wirkt.there is now a start of the vehicle., it with power flow at the same time from the primary motor 1 and from the electric machine 3 in the driving elle 6, so ste.ht a very strong torque on this shaft to accelerate the vehicle available because with the setting of the driving electric machine 3 for it The storage energy of the flywheel 11 is activated at the greatest power throughput and in the form of electricity from the connected electric machine 2 flows into the driving electric machine 3. The control member 12 enables one finely adjustable stepless adjustment between a zero throughput of power by the two electric machines 2, 3 and an ideal throughput for vehicle acceleration corresponding to the known "kick down" effect in motor vehicles with a conventional one automatic transmission. It is also particularly advantageous with this drive unit, that even with the strongest acceleration of the vehicle the energy of the flywheel 11 is not used up as quickly as it was previously stored when the vehicle is stationary because even during this acceleration there is still a strong drive torque on the central wheel 8 from the planet wheels 4 for the electric machine 2 with the flywheel 11 works.

Der Antrieb des Schwungrades 11 mit der Elektromaschine 2 durch das Zentralrad e erfolgt über eine selbsttätig sich ein und ausschaltende Überhol- und Freilaufkupplung 13, die dem Zentralrad 8 eingebaut ist. Ein Abfallen oder Zurücknehmen der Drehzahl des Primärmotors 1 mit dem Planetentrager 5 behindert dadurch nicht den Lauf des Schwungrades 11 mit der angeschlossenen Elektromaschine 2; sofern in dem Schwungrad 11 genügend kinetische Energie gespeichert ist, läßt die Freilaufkuptlung 13 diese Teile 2, 11 bei gedrosselt oder irn TJeerlauf laufendem Primärmotor 1 frei laufen. Unberücksichtigt der Reibungsverluste in den Lagern dauert dieser Freilauf an, bis durch Stromerzeugung die Drehzahl der Elektromeschine 2 mit dem Schwungra.d 11 auf die des Zentralrades 8 absinkt. Diese btromerzeu:ung durch die Elektromaschine 2 erfolgt aber nur zum Zweck des Fahrzeugantriebs, womit wieder ein Hochfahren des Primarmotors 1 aus dem Drosselbetrieb einher geht, so daß sofort wieder ein Drehmoment an dem Zentralrad 8 für den Antrieb der Elektromaschine 2 mit dem Schwungrad 11 eingeleitet wird, durch das sich die Drehzahl dieser Teile gegebenenfalls halt oder sogar wieder steigert. Das Steuerorgan 14 des Primärmotors 1 für seine Drehzahl bzw. Leistungsregulierung ist mit dem Steuerorgan 12 für die beiden Blektromaschinen 2, 3 so verbunden, daß eine Einstellung dieser Maschinen auf großen Leistungsdurchsatz eine gleiche Einstellung des Primarmotors 1 mit sich bringt; umgekehrt entspricht die Einstellung der Slektromaschinen 2, 3 auf Nulldurchsatz einem anstellen des Primarmotors 1 auf Leerlauf.The drive of the flywheel 11 with the electric machine 2 by the Zentralrad e takes place via an automatically switching on and off overtaking and One-way clutch 13 which is built into the central wheel 8. A falling away or taking back the speed of the primary motor 1 with the planetary carrier 5 does not hinder the run of the flywheel 11 with the connected electric machine 2; provided in the flywheel 11 is stored enough kinetic energy, the free-wheel clutch can 13 these parts 2, 11 free when the primary engine 1 is throttled or idling to run. Irrespective of the friction losses in the bearings, this freewheel lasts until the speed of the electric machine 2 with the flywheel by generating electricity 11 to that of the central wheel 8 sinks. This power generation is carried out the electric machine 2 is only used for the purpose of driving the vehicle, which again a start-up of the primary engine 1 from the throttle mode goes hand in hand, so that immediately again a torque at the central wheel 8 for driving the electric machine 2 is initiated with the flywheel 11, through which the speed of these parts possibly stop or even increase again. The control element 14 of the primary engine 1 for its speed or power regulation is with the controller 12 for the two sheet metal machines 2, 3 connected so that a setting of these machines for a large power throughput an equal setting of the primary motor 1 with it brings; conversely, the setting of slectromachines 2, 3 corresponds to zero throughput one hiring the primary engine 1 to idle.

Das dosierbare Abbremsen des Kraftfahrzeuges mit Speicherung der Bremsenergie aus dem Fahrzeug zur späteren Nutzung in das ,Schwungrad 11 geschieht mit Hilfe der Elektromaschine 3 auf der abtreibenden Welle 6 durch entsprechende Einstellung des Steuerorgans 12.The controllable braking of the motor vehicle with storage of the braking energy from the vehicle for later use in the, flywheel 11 is done with the help the electric machine 3 on the output shaft 6 by appropriate adjustment of the tax body 12.

Diese Elektromaschine 3 arbeitet nunmehr als stufenlos einstellbarer Generator, wahrend die andere Elektromaschine 2 dabei als Motor mit dem strom aus der ersteren arbeitet und das Schwungrad 11 auf eine der Starke des Abbremsens entsprechende höhere Drehzahl bringt. Die Freilaufkupplung 13 in dem Zentralrad 8 für die das Schwungrad 11 antreibende Elektromaschine 2 macht den Lauf dieser Teile auch hierbei unabh^ingig von dem Lauf des Primärmotors 1 mit dem Planetentrager 5, deren Drehzahl bei dem Fahrzeugabbremsen stark herabgesetzt ist. Zugunsten der hohen Wirtschaftlichkeit dieses Antriebsaggregates vermeidet diese Konstruktion auch ein Schieben des Priarmotors 1 durch das Kraftfahrzeug bei seinem Abbremsen, so daß die Bremsenergie aus dem Fahrzeug nahezu ganz in das schwungrad 11 oespeichert wird. Dabei ist auch ein verstärkter Ausstoß von Schadstoffen aus dem Primärmotor 1 vermieden, wie er sonst im Schiebebetrieb auftritt.This electric machine 3 now works as continuously adjustable Generator, while the other electric machine 2 acts as a motor with the current the former works and the flywheel 11 to a level corresponding to the braking force brings higher speed. The overrunning clutch 13 in the central wheel 8 for the Flywheel 11 driving electric machine 2 makes the run of these parts here too regardless of the running of the primary motor 1 with the planetary carrier 5, the speed of which is greatly reduced when the vehicle is decelerating. In favor of high economic efficiency With this drive unit, this construction also avoids pushing the primary motor 1 by the motor vehicle during its braking, so that the braking energy from the Vehicle is stored almost entirely in the flywheel 11. There is also a reinforced one The emission of pollutants from the primary engine 1 is avoided, as would otherwise be the case in overrun mode occurs.

Piir ein Fahren im Rückwärtsgang mit stufenlos einstellbarer Geschwindigkeit wird das Fahrzeug allein durch die dafür durch entsprechende Schaltung umgepolt arbeitende Elektromaschine 3 auf der abtreibenden Welle 6 angetrieben. Die andere, durch den Primarmotor 1 über die Planetenräder 4 und das Zentralrad 8 angetriebene Elektromaschine 2 liefert dafür die elektrische Baergie. Das wtleihenschlußverhalten der antreibenden Blektromaschine 3 läßt das Antriebsaggregat auch für diesen Fahrzustand eine ausreichend starke Antriebskraft an dem Fahrzeug aufbringen.A driving in reverse gear with infinitely adjustable speed the polarity of the vehicle is reversed simply by using the appropriate circuit for this purpose working electric machine 3 driven on the output shaft 6. The other, driven by the primary motor 1 via the planet gears 4 and the central wheel 8 Electric machine 2 supplies the electrical power supply for this. The loan closing behavior of the driving force Blektromaschine 3 leaves the drive unit a sufficient for this driving condition apply strong driving force to the vehicle.

Noch eine für den Auf gabenzweck sehr vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung weist das Antriebsåggre3at in Gestalt einer Schaltkupplung 15 von geeigneter Bauform auf, die zwischen dem Planetenträger 5 und dem Hohlrad 7 angeordnet ist. Im Einschaltzustand verbindet diese Schaltkupplung 15 beide Getriebeglieder drehfest so miteinander, daß eine volle Leistungsübertragung aus dem Primärmotor 1 auf direktem Wege in die abtreibende Welle 6 erfolgt. Es sind Schaltmittel vorgesehen, durch die die beiden Elektromaschinen 2, 3 mit dem Einschalten der Kupplung 15 selbsttatig auf Nulldurchsatz von Leistung eingestellt werden; sie drehen sich dadurch nur noch widerstandslos mit. Alle drei Getriebeglieder des Planetengetriebes befinden sich in diesem Zustand im Gleichlauf ohne ein Wälzen der Planetenräder 4, so daß der 'Mertragungswirkungsgrad des A.ntriebsaggregates im Einschaltzustand der Schaltkupplung 15 praktisch 100 0,6 beträgt. Das Einschalten der Kupplung 15 kann innerhalb eines großen Bereiches von Geschwindigkeiten erfolgen, was dem Antriebsaggregat durch den dabei bestehenden hohen UbertragunXswirkungsgrad zu der sehr guten Wirtschaftlichkeit mit verhilft. Besonders bei einem langanhaltenden Fahren mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, die den vollen Einsatz des Primärmotors 1 erfordert, wirkt sich die verlustlose Leistungsübertragung aus diesem Motor sehr zugunsten der Wirtschaftlichkeit dieses Aggregates aus.Yet another very advantageous embodiment for the purpose of the task the drive unit in the form of a clutch 15 of suitable design, which is arranged between the planet carrier 5 and the ring gear 7. When switched on this clutch 15 connects the two transmission members in a rotationally fixed manner so that that a full power transfer from the primary engine 1 directly into the abortive shaft 6 takes place. Switching means are provided through which the two Electric machines 2, 3 automatically to zero throughput when the clutch 15 is switched on be discontinued by performance; as a result, they only rotate without resistance with. All three gear members of the planetary gear are in this state in synchronism without rolling the planet gears 4, so that the 'transmission efficiency of the drive unit in the switched-on state of the clutch 15 practically 100 Is 0.6. Switching on the clutch 15 can be done within a wide range of speeds take place, what the drive unit by the thereby existing high transfer efficiency contributes to the very good economic efficiency. Especially when driving for a long time at high speed that requires the full Requires use of the primary motor 1, the lossless power transfer affects from this engine in favor of the economy of this unit.

Das Einschalten der Kupplung 15 kann durch geeignete Schaltmittel selbsttätig in Abhängigkeit davon geschehen, daß das Antriebsaggregat über eine bestimmte Zeit hinaus ohne größere Drehzahländerungen sowie gegen Fahrwiderstände unterhalb einer bestimmten Grenze arbeitet. Ist ein größerer Fahrwiderstand zu überwinden - etwa beim Nehmen einer ansteigenden Fahrstrecke - so schaltet sich die Kupplung 15 mit dem Einstellen des Aggregates dafür auf ein stärkeres Abtriebsmoment sofort wieder aus. Damit zugleich sind auch wieder die beiden Elektromaschinen 2, 3 mit variabel einstellbarem Leistungsdurchsatz verfügbar. Ein selbsttätiges Ausschalten der Kupplung 15 mit Einschalten der Elektromaschinen 2, 3 erfolgt auch dann, wenn das Kraftfahrzeug aus dem Fahrzustand mit gleichmäßiger Geschwindigkeit heraus mit Hilfe der Elektromaschine 3 ab,gebremst wird.The coupling 15 can be switched on by suitable switching means happen automatically depending on the fact that the drive unit has a certain time without major changes in speed and against driving resistance works below a certain limit. A greater driving resistance has to be overcome - for example when taking an uphill stretch - this is how the clutch switches 15 with the setting of the unit for a stronger output torque immediately out again. At the same time, the two electric machines 2, 3 are also included again variably adjustable power throughput available. An automatic switch-off the clutch 15 when the electric machines 2, 3 are switched on he follows even when the motor vehicle is out of the driving state at a steady speed out with the help of the electric machine 3, is braked.

Die erforderlichen weiteren konstruktiven Maßnahmen zu diesem Antriebsaggregat richten sich Jeweils nach den Einzelerfordernissen.The further structural measures required for this drive unit are always based on the individual requirements.

Lio beispielsweise empfiehlt es sich, für das Planetengetriebe mit Hick:sicht auf die vorkommenden hohen Drehzahlen für das Schwungrad eine Doppelschrägverzahnung vorzusehen. tuch die Lagerung und Kapselung des Schwungrades macht besondere bauliche Maßnahmen notwenig, um die unvermeidlichen Reibungsverluste an diesem Teil so gering wie möglich zu halten.Lio, for example, is recommended for using the planetary gear Hick: In view of the high speeds that occur, the flywheel has double helical teeth to be provided. Cloth the storage and encapsulation of the flywheel makes it special structural Measures are necessary to minimize the inevitable friction losses on this part as possible to keep.

Das Antriebsaggregat nach der Erfindung gestattet verschiedene konstruktive Abwandlungen noch ebenso wie weitere Ausgestaltungen.The drive unit according to the invention allows various constructive Modifications as well as further refinements.

so etwa kann das Planetengetriebe auch mit gestuft-doppeltverzahnten Planetenre.dern arbeiten, die mit verschiedenen Verzahnungen mit dem Zentralrad und dem Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes kammen.for example, the planetary gear can also have stepped double-toothed Planetary rotors work with different toothings with the central gear and the ring gear of the planetary gear.

Prinzipiell können die Planetenräder mit zwei Sonnenrädern auch durch eine Kegelradverzahnung im Eingriff stehen. Eine Kegelradverzahnung kann auch sonst zur Anwendung kommen, etwa fiir eine mittelbare Antriebsverbindung mit oder ohne Übersetzung der einen Blektromaschine mit der abtreibenden Welle des Aggregates. Die andere Elektromaschine kann mit dem antreibenden Sonnenrad ebenfalls in mittelbarer Antriebsverbindung stehen. An Stelle einer Uberhol-und Freilaufkupplung für den Antrieb dieser Blektromaschine kann auch eine andere schaltbare Wellenkupplung voresehen sein, die automatisch in Abhangigkeit von Einstellungen an Steuerorganen geschaltet wird. In einer solchen Abhangigkeit kann auch die zweite Schaltkupplung im Getriebe betätigt werden.In principle, the planet gears with two sun gears can also go through a bevel gear meshing. A bevel gear can also be used in other ways can be used, for example for an indirect drive connection with or without Translation of one sheet metal machine with the output shaft of the unit. The other electric machine can also interact indirectly with the driving sun gear Drive connection. Instead of an overrunning and overrunning clutch for the This sheet metal machine can also be driven by another switchable shaft coupling be that switched automatically depending on settings on control organs will. In such a dependency, the second clutch in the transmission can also be operated.

Als weitere Ausgestaltung des Antriebsag-greates - etwa bei seinem Einsatz für den Antrieb schwererer Fahrzeuge - kann z.B. noch in Betracht kommen, die beiden Elektromaschinen einem Akkumulator als zusätzlichem Energiespeicher anzuschließen. Als Primarmotor für dieses Antriebsaggregat kann Jede für den Aufgabenzweck geeignete Antriebsmaschine zum Einsatz kommen, so etwa auch eine Wärmekraftmaschine mit äußerer Verbrennung und Warmeaustauscher Ein Einsatz des Antriebsaggregates nach der Erfindung ist für andere Antriebsfalle als Kraftfahrzeugantriebe ebenfalls noch möglich.As a further development of the drive unit - for example in his Use for driving heavier vehicles - can e.g. still come into consideration, to connect the two electric machines to an accumulator as an additional energy store. Any one suitable for the purpose of the task can be used as the primary motor for this drive unit Drive machine are used, such as a heat engine with external Combustion and heat exchanger An application of the drive unit according to the invention is also still possible for other drive cases than motor vehicle drives.

Claims (6)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h eP a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Antriebaggregat, vorzugweise für Kraftfahrzeuge aller Art, mit einem Primärmotor, der mit Planetenrädern durch den gemeinsamen Träger dieser Räder ein mit einer abtreibenden Welle verbundenes sonnenrad und ein weiteres Sonnenrad zu den Slanetenledern antreibt, das verbunden ist mit einer einem Energiespeicher angeschlossenen Elektromaschine, die zusammenarbeitet mit einer in antriebsverbindung mit der abtreibenden eine stehen den Elektromaschine, welche wechselweise als speichernde und als antreibende Maschine ein- umstellbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Energiespeicher durch ein Schwungrad (11) gebildet ist, welches in Mitnahmeverbindung mit einer Elektromaschine (2) steht, die durch ein Sonnenrad (8) über eine schaltbare Wellenkupplung - vorzugsweise eine selbsttätig sich ein- und. ausschaltende Überhol- und Freilaufkupplung (13) - so angetrieben wird, daß ein Abfallen der Drehzahl des Primärmotors (1) nit dem Planetenträger (5) einen Freilauf. des Schwungrades (11) mit der angeschlossenen Elektromaschine (2) mit sich bringt, wobei solche Schalt- und steuermittel (12) für die beiden Elektromaschinen (2, 3) vorgesehen sind, die einen variabel steuerbaren Leistungsdurchsatz durch beide Elektromaschinen welchselweise in beiden Richtungen ermöglichen, einschließlich einen Nulldurchsatz von Leistung gleichzeitig in beiden Maschinen (2, 3).1. Drive unit, preferably for vehicles of all types, with a primary motor that works with planetary gears through the common carrier of these gears a sun gear connected to an output shaft and another sun gear drives to the slanet leather, which is connected to an energy storage device connected electric machine that works together with an in drive connection with the aborting one stand the electric machine, which alternately as a storing one and can be switched as the driving machine, characterized in that the Energy storage is formed by a flywheel (11) which is in driving connection with an electric machine (2), which is switched by a sun gear (8) via a Shaft coupling - preferably a self-acting one and. disengaging overtaking and overrunning clutch (13) - is driven so that a drop in the speed of the Primary motor (1) nit the planet carrier (5) a freewheel. the flywheel (11) with the connected electric machine (2), with such switching and control means (12) for the two electric machines (2, 3) are provided which a variably controllable power throughput through both electric machines alternately Enable in both directions, including zero throughput of power at the same time in both machines (2, 3). 2. Antriebsaggregat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen zwei der drei durch den Planetenträger (5) und die beiden Sonnenräder (7, 8) darestellten Wetriebeglieder des -lanetengetriebes eine Schaltkupplung (15) angeordnet ist, die im Einschaltzustand beide Getriebeglieder (5, 7) drehfest so miteinander verbindet, daß eine Leistungsübertragung aus dem Primärmotor (n) auf direktem Wege in die abtreibende Welle (6) erfolgt.2. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that between two of the three represented by the planet carrier (5) and the two sun gears (7, 8) Gear members of the planetary gearbox a clutch (15) is arranged, which in the switched-on state, connects both gear members (5, 7) to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, that a power transfer from the primary engine (s) in a direct way in the abortive Shaft (6) takes place. 3. Antriebsaggregat nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schaltmittel vorgesehen sind, die ein Einschalten der Schaltkupplung (15) selbsttätig in Abhängigkeit davon bewirken, daß das Antriebsaggregat über eine bestimmte Zeit hinaus ohne größere Drehzahlderungen sowie gegen Fahrwiderstände unterhalb einer bestimmten Grenze arbeitet, wobei die beiden Elektromaschinen (2, 3) mit den Einschalten der Schaltkupplung (15) selbsttätig auf Nulldurchsatz von Leistung eingestellt werden. 3. Drive unit according to claim 2, characterized in that Switching means are provided which automatically switch on the clutch (15) depending on it cause the drive unit over a certain time beyond without major Speed changes as well as against driving resistance works below a certain limit, whereby the two electric machines (2, 3) by switching on the clutch (15) automatically to zero throughput of Power can be adjusted. 4. Antriebaggregat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Sonnenräder durch ein tIohlrad (7) und ein Zentralrad (8) mit Stirnverzahnung gebildet sind, wobei das hohlrad (7) unmittelbar mit der abtreibenden Welle (6) des Aggregates verbunden ist.4. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sun gears by a ring gear (7) and a central gear (8) with spur teeth are formed, the ring gear (7) directly with the output shaft (6) of the unit is connected. 5. Antriebsaggregat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeinet, daß Schaltmittel mit der Wirkung voresehen sind, daß an der mit dem Schwungrad (11) rotierenden Elektromaschine (2) solange kein Drehmoment einzuleiten ist, solange kein Strom in die an dere Elektromaschine (3) fließt.5. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeinet that switching means are provided with the effect that on the electric machine rotating with the flywheel (11) (2) as long as there is no torque to be introduced, as long as there is no current in the other electric machine (3) flows. 6. Antriebsaggregat nach anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Elektromaschinen (2, 3) einem Akkumulator als zusätzlichem Energiespeicher angeschlossen sind.6. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the two electric machines (2, 3) an accumulator as an additional energy store are connected.
DE2436546A 1974-07-16 1974-07-30 Energy saving vehicle transmission - with electric motors and flywheel to store braking energy Pending DE2436546A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2436546A DE2436546A1 (en) 1974-07-16 1974-07-30 Energy saving vehicle transmission - with electric motors and flywheel to store braking energy
DE2441583A DE2441583A1 (en) 1974-07-30 1974-08-30 Energy giving transmission for car - with engine driven flywheel and motor generators on flywheel and driven axle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2434021A DE2434021A1 (en) 1974-07-16 1974-07-16 Hybrid transmission for vehicle - with variable epicyclic gearing between primary engine and wheels with intermediate electric motor
DE2436546A DE2436546A1 (en) 1974-07-16 1974-07-30 Energy saving vehicle transmission - with electric motors and flywheel to store braking energy

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DE2436546A1 true DE2436546A1 (en) 1976-02-19

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0300126A1 (en) * 1980-11-11 1989-01-25 Götz Dipl.-Phys. Heidelberg Vehicle with internal combustion motor, generator and electrical drive motor
EP0352323A1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1990-01-31 Hino Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric braking and auxiliary acceleration apparatus for automotive vehicles
DE4407666A1 (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-14 Hermann Essert Hybrid internal combustion and electrical drive system for motor vehicle
DE19500763C1 (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-03-14 Daimler Benz Ag Hybrid drive for motor vehicle with electric motor
DE19841829A1 (en) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-16 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive especially for vehicle has stator and rotor each as machine part, one rigidly connected to motor input and other to output of superposition gearbox.
DE19841828A1 (en) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive especially for vehicles has brake provided to fix rotor of second electrical machine so that it cannot rotate
DE10160466C1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2003-06-05 Daimler Chrysler Ag Motor vehicle drive device, has two idlers with idler parts connected to drive shaft, coaxial hollow intermediate shaft through which drive shaft passes and rotor of electric motor
WO2004026649A1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-04-01 H-Technologie Limited Apparatus for improving vehicle performance
FR2959713A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-11 Moteur Moderne Le NEUTRAL SHAFT-TYPE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM HAVING A REGENERATIVE BRAKE DEVICE
WO2013045061A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Audi Ag Hybrid vehicle
FR3020995A1 (en) * 2014-05-19 2015-11-20 Denis Ernest Celestin Buffet TRANSMISSION FOR SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID VEHICLES WITH INERTIAL STORAGE OF KINETIC ENERGY AND PULSED OPERATION OF THE LOW SPEED THERMAL MOTOR OF THE VEHICLE
DE102006044500B4 (en) * 2005-09-22 2017-10-19 General Motors Corp. Electromechanical transmission with input split, two fixed speed ratios and one mode
CN112406552A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-02-26 山东理工大学 Braking energy coupling system of semi-trailer

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0300126A1 (en) * 1980-11-11 1989-01-25 Götz Dipl.-Phys. Heidelberg Vehicle with internal combustion motor, generator and electrical drive motor
EP0352323A1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1990-01-31 Hino Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric braking and auxiliary acceleration apparatus for automotive vehicles
EP0352323B1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1994-06-01 Hino Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric braking and auxiliary acceleration apparatus for automotive vehicles
DE4407666A1 (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-14 Hermann Essert Hybrid internal combustion and electrical drive system for motor vehicle
DE19500763C1 (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-03-14 Daimler Benz Ag Hybrid drive for motor vehicle with electric motor
DE19841829A1 (en) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-16 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive especially for vehicle has stator and rotor each as machine part, one rigidly connected to motor input and other to output of superposition gearbox.
DE19841828A1 (en) * 1998-09-12 2000-03-23 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive especially for vehicles has brake provided to fix rotor of second electrical machine so that it cannot rotate
US6251037B1 (en) 1998-09-12 2001-06-26 Daimlerchrysler Ag Hybrid drive for vehicles and the like
DE19841829C2 (en) * 1998-09-12 2001-12-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive, especially for vehicles
DE19841828C2 (en) * 1998-09-12 2002-05-29 Daimler Chrysler Ag Hybrid drive, especially for vehicles
DE10160466C1 (en) * 2001-12-08 2003-06-05 Daimler Chrysler Ag Motor vehicle drive device, has two idlers with idler parts connected to drive shaft, coaxial hollow intermediate shaft through which drive shaft passes and rotor of electric motor
US6863140B2 (en) 2001-12-08 2005-03-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Motor vehicle drive arrangement
WO2004026649A1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-04-01 H-Technologie Limited Apparatus for improving vehicle performance
US7481302B2 (en) 2002-09-17 2009-01-27 H-Technologies Limited Apparatus for improving vehicle performance
DE102006044500B4 (en) * 2005-09-22 2017-10-19 General Motors Corp. Electromechanical transmission with input split, two fixed speed ratios and one mode
FR2959713A1 (en) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-11 Moteur Moderne Le NEUTRAL SHAFT-TYPE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM HAVING A REGENERATIVE BRAKE DEVICE
WO2011138548A3 (en) * 2010-05-05 2012-08-30 Le Moteur Moderne Transmission system with neutral-shaft-type differential comprising regenerative braking device
WO2013045061A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Audi Ag Hybrid vehicle
CN103842195A (en) * 2011-09-29 2014-06-04 奥迪股份公司 Hybrid vehicle
US9168919B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-10-27 Audi Ag Hybrid vehicle
CN103842195B (en) * 2011-09-29 2017-02-15 奥迪股份公司 hybrid vehicle
FR3020995A1 (en) * 2014-05-19 2015-11-20 Denis Ernest Celestin Buffet TRANSMISSION FOR SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID VEHICLES WITH INERTIAL STORAGE OF KINETIC ENERGY AND PULSED OPERATION OF THE LOW SPEED THERMAL MOTOR OF THE VEHICLE
CN112406552A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-02-26 山东理工大学 Braking energy coupling system of semi-trailer

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