DE2423205A1 - ROTATING COLLECTOR AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Description

Vittorio Baldoni, Milan / Italy

"Rotating pantograph and process for its manufacture"

The invention relates to a rotating current collector with a plurality of contact rings arranged in groups and associated brushes that are clamped between each other and electrically insulating separating and spacing elements and a method of manufacturing this pantograph.

Such a current collector is used to transmit current between a stationary one and one that can be rotated against it Part of a machine. In such a machine for which the rotating pantograph according to the invention is preferred even if not exclusively applicable, it is in particular a tower crane * in particular Such a rotating current collector is used to load consumers attached to the rotatably arranged machine part to be supplied with electrical energy. This electrical 'energy supply takes place via electrical connections and. a rotating pantograph of the type mentioned with slip rings or contact rings on which the . moving machine part for current pick-up of sliding contact

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or brushing slide. - ■

Depending on the current application of such pantographs it follows that these sometimes end / associated brushes from a large number of contact rings are put together in groups; the requirement of a large number of individual current collector elements (contact ring with an assigned brush) is particularly the case when apart from the current collector elements for the energy supply To consumers, pantograph elements for signal and monitoring circuits are required are, so that quite a pantograph from 50 or even 100 contact rings with associated brushes can exist.

It follows that the production of such pantographs offers significant difficulties, if only because a precise one for the construction of such multiple pantographs Division between the individual contact rings must be ensured in order to always ensure an aligned and stable arrangement Contact ring brush for every single one of all pantograph elements to ensure.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotating current collector of the type mentioned to create the structure of a stable alignment between each contact ring and the assigned brush ensures that they can still be used should be retained if the pantograph is subject to shocks and vibrations and other mechanical loads, as they are unavoidable in the practical use of the machine. At the same time, the electrical Power transmission efficiency between each contact ring and the associated brush not restricted noc.i otherwise be affected. . ;

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At the same time, for the reasons mentioned, the pantograph to be created should consist of any Number of pantograph learnings (contact rings. with assigned brushes) can be grouped, "so that only a small number of replacement and / or reserve elements must be kept in stock.

With a rotating current collector of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved in that each of the Contact rings by means of at least one clamped between two separating and spacing elements and elastic deformable upsetting element concentrically to the axis of rotation of the current collector clamped in a rotationally fixed manner, in-which at least a part of the outer circumference of the upsetting element under the action of metered clamping pressure on the groups against the inner walls of the associated contact rings rests and these at the same time radially with respect to the axis of rotation and with respect to of the assigned brushes axially.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, there is the elastically deformable compression element made up of at least one elastically deformable element that can be squeezed in width Socket, and the sockets for the pantograph elements drawn on tie rods, by means of which the group of contact rings with the interposed separating and spacing elements is tense with each other.

Further features and advantages of the constructed according to the invention rotating pantograph and the process for its manufacture result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing Invention. It shows:

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Pig. 1 shows a rotating current collector according to the invention in elevation, with individual structural parts broken away are shown;

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the current collector according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a section through part of that shown in FIG Structure, on a larger scale; and

Fig. Ψ a partial section through a special and from the Representation in FIG. 1 to FIG. different embodiment a contact ring for the pantograph according to the invention. ". -

The pantograph according to the invention shown in the drawing has two different types of current collector element groups, namely one group of contact rings A with each associated brushes B as sliding contacts for the power take-off .

In the following description, only "two contact, rings with associated brushes, ie two current collector elements that are axially adjacent to each other.

The rotating current collector shown in Fig. 1 has a Base plate 10, the central part of which is provided with an opening, wherein a rim 13 of an annular clamping plate 20 for supporting the group of contact rings A has its seat. The clamping plate 20 is with a cable entry for a cable I4, whose wires are connected to the individual contact rings the contact ring groups A are connected. The annular clamping plate 20 has at least three on its outer circumference openings arranged offset from one another. Assigned

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Tie rods 22 are used by means of screw nuts 25 via a counter plate 2k, the contact rings Al, A2 ... usiv. the contact ring group A and arranged between these, made of electrically insulating material. existing separating and spacing elements kk; k5 to be braced together. . . "

The counter-plate 2k has a central hole for a bolt 2β serving for fastening, which rests in a bushing which forms the inner guide element of a self-aligning bearing 30. The outer guide element of this bearing JO is attached to a plate which is conveniently hinged to an upper base plate 32 * The contact ring group A is therefore attached in a suspended manner and can thereby align itself automatically during rotary movements of the pantograph. .

The upper base plate 32, on which the contact ring group A is suspended, is attached by means of two or more threaded rods J> k , which are arranged along a circular ring concentric to the axis of rotation of the current collector and anchored with their lower ends in the opposite base plate 10, _etc. To adjust the distance between the base plate 32 and the opposite base plate 10 - or from the bearing 3o - the base plate 32 is held on the threaded rods 34 by means of pairs of nuts 35. About the pair of nuts 35 is. It is therefore possible to adjust the axial setting of the entire contact ring group A with respect to the brush group B, which is fixedly arranged outside.

The brush groups B are also attached to the threaded rods J. The brushes are divided into several groups B to reduce the axial space requirement of the rotating power supply.

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to reduce it even further, without the need for it will reduce the axial expansion of the individual brushes to the same extent. In the embodiment According to Fig. 1 to Fig.3, the brushes assigned to the contact rings are combined in two groups, and in such a way that adjacent contact rings are assigned brushes arranged opposite one another. This alternating assignment is particularly important in. the . Brushes for. narrow contact rings appropriate; with wide contact rings (in Fig. 1 the lower part of the contact ring group A) if the axial distance is sufficient for this purpose, not for the purpose of alternating arrangement of the brushes To have to pass over saving space.

In Fig. 3 is a partial section through on an enlarged scale two axially adjacent contact rings of contact ring group A and the associated brush holder are shown, corresponding approximately to the in. 1 structural parts shown cut open at the top left. The illustrated Contact rings Al, A2 are basically equally suitable for high-voltage transmission and for low-voltage transmission suitable, as this suitability results exclusively from the respective thickness and height of the contact rings.

The inner wall 40 of each contact ring is at least a puncture for the fastening of a metal tongue 42, e.g. by means of soldering (in Fig. 3 only for the lower contact ring shown) provided as part of an electrical connection for the connection of the "this Contact ring is used in each associated wire of the connection cable. This metal tongue 42 is therefore by plugging it on the end of the cable core in a simple manner a detachable cable termination with secure electrical connection without major Time expenditure can be produced.

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Each of the contact rings is arranged between insulating pairs of separating and spacer elements 44, 45, which are thereby used twice, namely once each for the two adjacent contact rings, as a support and spacer bracket. - '

These separating and spacing elements 44, which serve as insulating rings, 45 are among themselves both in terms of their dimensions as well as having the same structure in terms of their structure. They are expediently made of a plastic, pressed and insulating material manufactured.

Each of the separating and spacing elements serving as an insulating ring 44, 45 points near its inner circumference for guiding the tie rods 22 through in the appropriate position and number Openings on. In addition, each of these separating and spacing elements 44, 45 has one concentric to these openings its outer surfaces have circular recesses as seats 50 on, into which the end of each compression element in the form of a bushing 52 protrudes with little play, through which a pull rod 22 extends. The height of these sockets in the relaxed state is greater than the thickness of the respectively assigned one Contact ring, the thickness of the sockets is chosen so that they. when upsetting due to axially acting pressure frictionally on the inner wall 40 of the respectively assigned. Contact ring. In this way, each exercises as an upsetting element serving bush 52 when bracing by means of the pull rod 22 both on the assigned contact ring and on the separating and spacer elements assigned on both sides 44, 45 from a pressure, the size of which is determined by the clamping force on the associated pull rod 22 during assembly of the inventive rotating pantograph is predeterminable.

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Each of the separating and spacer elements 44, 45 serving as an insulating ring has its outer surface as a spacer serving projections 43 against which the outer surface of the respective adjacent contact ring rests. In addition, each separating and spacer element 44, 45 pins 56 arranged in pairs on one of its outer surfaces ..on. ,, the as "lateral. JStützelemejite for those with the cable end clamp loaded tongue 42 serve.

So the mutual dimensions of the individual components of the pantograph are essential, so in particular the advantageous clamping effect of the bushes 52 serving as upsetting elements ensured; is..t.J3o -is the .inner. Diameter, the contact rings smaller than the diameter of an imaginary circle that the upset sockets 52 when unaffected Bulge would affect, whereby the force-locking action of the sockets 52 assigned to a contact ring (in particular three sockets offset from one another by 120 °) is guaranteed if the initially unclamped State of assembled individual parts of a pantograph so-then are clamped against each other so that the sockets rest against the inner wall 40 of the contact ring. The height of the projections 48 serving as spacers is dictated by the fact that these should only rest firmly on the outer surfaces of the contact rings when the finished assembled contact ring group A is fully clamped together. By ensuring this mutual coordination each contact ring is inevitably held by the group of upsetting elements assigned to it, that is to say the sockets 52 even if the contact ring group A consists of the contact rings with the interposed separating and spacer elements 44.45 is not yet finally tensed. This stacking package is then used in the course of the final assembly

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the tie rods 22 finally clamped, so the Bushings 52 bulged even further as a result of compression, so that they .. further against the inner wall 40 of the Pinch the associated contact ring and clamp it. ■

The. separating and acting as insulating, or "spacer rings". Spacers 44, 45 each point along its interior Edge a wreath 58, which in cooperation with the corresponding wreath 58 of the next adjacent separating and Spacer element 44,45 is used in particular to the elastically compressed .. socket 52 of the inner wall 40 of the associated contact ring opposite to support and thus the deformation of the sockets 52 from the inner wall of the contact ring continued to limit.

The outer edges of each contact ring have flanges oO on, the axial guidance of the associated brush along the circumference, i.e. on the outer surface of the contact ring, to serve. '.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, each brush consists of at least one elastically deformable fork 62 formed from U-shaped bent metal wires, compare FIGS. 2 and 3. 3 «The arms of each fork are curved in order to rest elastically and in opposite directions against the circumference of the associated contact ring. The end part of each fork opposite the arms has a straight section 64 which is conductively attached to a metal housing, for example by means of a soldered connection. The metal housing 66 has connections for electrical conductors. The longitudinal walls of the metal housing 06 are provided with transverse slots so that elastic tongues 68 are formed

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which are attached to the bottom wall 70 of the metal housing 66 «The transverse walls of the metal housing 66 are open and end in pairs of tongues 72,. which are used to hold the cable end clamps C of the conductors connected here. The metal housings 66 are arranged between two pairs of spacer plates 74, 75 made of electrically insulating material. The metal housings 66 are identical to one another, since their thickness changes depending on the thickness of the contact rings. Each of the insulating spacer plates 74, 75 has on one of its surfaces a polygonal shaft 76 which, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, is a square. The shaft J6 is provided with an axial bore 78 which contains a rod J> k serving for all spacer plates 75 * 74 of the brush group B. In the outer surface opposite the shaft 76, each spacer plate has 75 * 74 has a recessed seat 82 into which the end of the shaft of the spacer plate 74, 75 adjacent along the rod 54 engages. Brackets of the brush group B created a torsionally rigid connection.

In addition, each spacer plate 74, 75 has rectangular latching depressions 84 on its two outer surfaces for receiving and holding the elastically deformable tongues 68 of the longitudinal walls of the metal housing 66 .

Since the distance between the arms of the individual etetically deformable forks 62, i.e. between their middle ends or heads 64, is slightly smaller than or at most equal to the thickness of the shaft 76 , it is after the preparation of the assembly of the group of spacer plate pairs 74,75 then possible to complete the assembly of the complete brush group B between the elements

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insert of each pair, the forks 62, in such a way that the heads 64 of the arms of each fork 62, two of the opposite outer surfaces of the polygonal · shaft 76 include "As a result, · this mounting work gear reach the ends of the resiliently deformable tongues 68 of the metal shell 66 necessarily due to their elastic bending back into engagement with the rear ends of the spacer plate pairs jk- 75j- in such a way that the ends, as soon as they get into the end edges of the seat recesses 84, snap behind the peripheral walls of these seat recesses 84 or with the peripheral walls of these seat recesses 84 get into firm engagement. As a result, a stable mechanical connection between the aforementioned pairs of spacer plates 74-75 on the one hand and the elastically deformable forks 62 on the other hand is achieved.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the inventive rotating current collector has two of each other oppositely arranged brush groups B, the forks 62 for low power transmission for axially successive Contact rings are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the current collector to its axial To reduce the overall height, as has already been explained above.

The forks of the brushes are each made of elastically deformable Metal wires, the cross section of which is circular. In the. . In practice, these forks 62 can also consist of wires with any desired other cross-sections produced v / earth, but a circular cross-section has the advantage that it can can be carried out easily.

The support of each fork 62 on the jacket or surface of the associated contact ring is, as already stated, secured by flanges 60 and can thereby be improved

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be that in this lateral surface on which the associated Brush slides., Circumferential grooves 86 are formed, such as it is shown in FIG. In particular, this then provides a further significant advantage for functionality of the rotating current collector according to the invention, if each brush consists of several forks 62 composed “Because then the grooves 86 not only define the arms of all forks 62 in an advantageous manner but in particular ai.ch is now also being used each pair of arms is held at a defined distance from the adjacent pair, with the result that defined separate contact surface paths adhere to and thus the energy transfer a lower electrical resistance between Oppose contact ring and brush.

The rotating pantograph constructed according to the invention is characterized by its operational advantages in addition to its practical use in particular also from the fact that the assembly is significantly simplified and facilitated and from few standard components current collectors with any number of contact rings and assigned accordingly Brushes can be realized.

To assemble the contact ring group A, the contact rings in the desired sequence with the interposition of preferably three bushings each serving as compression elements axially lined up between two successive separating and spacing elements 44, 45 serving as insulating rings, which are drawn on tie rods 22 so that the inner walls 40 of the contact rings on the outer walls of the sockets abut .. Then the perforated base plate 20 and the counter plate 24 is attached and then on each tie rod 22 the Screw nuts 25 put on and only slightly tightened at first. The so pre-assembled Kontalctring group A is then

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by means of bearing 28-J5O on the upper base plate j? 2 hung up and then these together with the brush groups B so attached to the bottom plate 10 that the arms of the forks 62 of the brushes against the outer surfaces of the assigned contact rings.

At this stage of assembly, due to inevitable Production-related tolerances hardly die'elastic deformable forks 62 already lie in the same plane as the associated contact rings. The necessary adjustment the lined up components against each other is now done -by- that'-the-screw nuts-25 on-the-tie rods are tightened more tightly and the mutual position of the interacting parts is checked until the desired alignment of all parts is achieved. With this tightening of the screw nuts, they become elastic deformable bushings 52 squeezed together even further and thus bulged, whereby the outer V - «of the sockets 52. even tighter against the inner walls 4-0 of the contact rings come to rest and the latter are thus securely clamped in a non-positive manner. Since the sockets 52 essentially with each other are deformed uniformly, the concentric alignment of all contact rings is sufficient guaranteed. In this concentric alignment nothing essential is changed by the fact that the Screw nuts. 25 of the individual tie rods 22 may be tightened unequally to ensure parallelism to be able to influence the distance between the individual contact rings if necessary.

After alignment between the brush groups B and the contact ring group A has taken place in this way, the screw nuts 25, 35

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secured in any known manner, so that the contact rings with each other and with respect to the brushes keep this situation stable from now on; because the sockets 52, which serve as compression elements, are made of rubber or a suitable elastically deformable material and, thanks to this elasticity, always exercise a radial retention— and locking effect, through which the once specified setting is retained in all working conditions. Because these elastically deformable sockets 52 also interact with one another due to the pull rods 22 and are simultaneously from these tie rods 22 and from the bearing seats 50 in the separating and spacer elements 44, 45 and finally held between the inner walls 40 of the contact rings and the protruding rings 58 '. At the same time one finds Support of the contact rings via the contact tongues 42 and those attached in pairs to the separating and spacer elements 44, 45 Pin 56 instead, in addition to the frictional engagement of the upsetting elements on the inner wall 40 as a form-fitting Intervention effectively preventing the contact rings from twisting. -

The rotating pantograph according to the invention is for a wide variety of purposes Use cases suitable and can with regard to Individual details within the scope of the invention may be subject to numerous variations, because the invention is not limited to the posed and described Ausfunrungsbexspiel limited, it also includes all specialist modifications and partial sub-combinations the features and measures described and / or shown.

- Expectations -

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Claims (1)

.JC- Nuremberg, 15-5 ⁴³ . 120/60 Claims 2423205 ! ../ Rotating current collector with a plurality of contact rings arranged in ^ Tfruppen and associated brushes, which are inserted between mutually braced electrically insulating separating and spacing elements., Characterized in that each of the · contact rings by means of at least one between two separating and Spacer elements (44,45) clamped and elastically deformable compression element (socket 52) is clamped concentrically to the axis of rotation of the current collector by at least part of the outer circumference of the compression element (52) under the action of metered clamping pressure on the contact ring groups (A) against the inner walls (4θ) of the associated contact rings rests and at the same time fixes them radially with respect to the axis of rotation and axially with respect to the associated brushes. '-. 2. Current collector according to claim I _3, characterized in that the between each two adjacent separating and spacer elements (44,45) of the contact ring groups (A) inserted compression element of a plurality of sockets (52) "consists of the, for non-positive Connect the contact rings and the separating and spacer elements (44, 45) to one another to form the contact ring group (A), drawn onto tie rods (22). 3. Current collector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that three bushes (52) made of elastically deformable material are assigned to each contact ring for centering and non-rotatable bracing, which between two separating and spacing elements (44, 45) on threaded tie rods (22) are drawn up and fixed and due to deformation when the clamping device is exerted on the contact ring group (A) via the tie rods (22), it is nw ir curvy with part of its bulging circumference; against the inner wall of the associated contact ring: '! and axial curability of the contact group (A) 409882/0750 jezüglicii the fixed brush group (B) the assigned Secure the contact ring against rotation. 4. Current collector according to one or more of claims 1 to 3j, characterized in that the Staucheleraente (sockets 52) between .Gewinden provided tie rods (22) on the one hand and the inner wall ( ² K)) of the associated contact ring on the other hand are arranged. 5. Current collector according to one or more of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the ends of each elastically deformable bush (52) rests in a seat (50) provided in an end face of the separating and spacing elements (44, 45) arranged on both sides of the associated contact ring. 6. Current collector according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 5 *, characterized in that each separating and spacer element (44,45) has on its adjacent associated surface as spacers serving projections (48) which bear against the intermediate contact ring and set this axially. 7. Current collector according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that - that the inner wall (4o) of each contact ring has at least one radially extending tongue (42) for receiving the end terminal of a cable core connected here, which by means of a pair from the surface of one of the adjacent separating and spacer elements (44, 45) protruding pins 06) is supported against rotation. - 3 - 409882/0750 ö. Current collector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each one interacts with: a contact ring. Brush consists of at least one elastically deformable fork (62), the middle distance of which. (.64) is straight and is held between spacer plates (74. »75), and that several axially lined up spacer plates (7 ^ -75) with forks (62) in between a group of brushes - (B ) to interact with ■ * ..: form the contact ring group (A). 9 · Current collector according to claim 8, characterized in that the arms of the forks (62) are curved and in opposite directions rest against the outer surface of the associated contact ring. 10. Current collector according to claim 8 or 9> characterized in that the outer circumferential surface of each contact ring is limited at the top and bottom by a respective projecting and circumferential planar (60) for the axial guidance of the arms of the associated fork (62). . · 11. Current collector according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that at least some of the contact rings of the contact ring group (A) have a circumferential groove (86) which is embedded in the outer circumferential surface and is preferably V-shaped in cross-section, in which the ends of the arms of the Gaiiel (62) associated with this contact ring are guided. " 12. Current collector according to one or more of the claims 8 to 11, characterized in that each brush has at least one fork (62) with at least two oppositely directed elastic "arms, which is held between two axially adjacent spacer plates (74, 75) by means of a box-shaped metallic housing (66) , of which Longitudinal walls 409882/0750 Has projections in the form of elastically deformable tongues (68).,. The in Sit ζ recesses (84) in each other facing surfaces of two adjacent spacer plates (74,75) engage, and that the housing (66) pairs of tongues (72) for connecting this brush with the associated one electrical conductor. IJ .. Current collector according to _# Claim 12, characterized in that the housing (66) has a parallelepipedally elongated shape and has incisions forming the elastic tongues (68) on the longitudinal walls and that the. The bottom wall (70) of the housing is electrically and mechanically connected to the middle ends or heads (64) of the forks (62) in such a way that their arms protrude freely over to the associated contact ring and rest elastically against its outer surface. 14. Current collector according to claim 12 or 13-, characterized in that the tongue (72) for fastening a cable end clamp (C) of the conductor leading to the associated brush is formed on at least one of the peripheral walls of the housing (66). 15. Current collector according to one or more of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the spacer plates (74,75) between which the brushes are held mitfcis a polygonal shaft (76) are kept at a distance from one another, the ends of which are dfehsteif with the two adjacent spacer plates (74,75) are connected or in these recessed seats (82) engage in a torsionally rigid, form-fitting manner when the fully equipped brush group (B) is axially braced. 409882/0750 l6. Current collector according to one or more of Claims 5 to 15, characterized in that a polygonal shaft (76). at least one of its ends is firmly connected to one of the spacer plates (74, 75) and is provided with an axial bore receiving a threaded rod (34) along which the components of the brush group (B) are lined up. 17 · Current collector according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that threaded rods (34) for holding the. Brush groups. (B). As well as one opposite one. . upper base plate (32) are attached, in the center of which a preferably self-aligning support bearing (28-30) as a holder for the on the upper base plate. (32) suspended contact ring group (A) is attached, and 'that the contact ring group (A) is axially braced between a clamping plate (20) and a counter plate (24) by means of tie rods (22) and screw nuts (25) one of the clamping plates (20) arranged at the bottom, which is formed at the bottom and is in the form of a circular ring (Io), which is guided radially with radial play in a central opening (16) in the lower base plate (10). 18. A method for producing a rotating current collector according to one or more of claims 1 to I7, characterized in that the brushes of forks (62) and housings (66) between spacer plates (74,75) locked to brush groups (B) axially are lined up so that between each two "adjacent to each other of a plurality of axially lined up 'separating and spacing elements (44, 45) a contact ring and at least one elastically deformable compression element (socket 52) is inserted so that part of the circumference of the storage element is inserted in the event of compression stress ; force-fit ge ^ en the · neuvrai-Üimr; (40) dec Kontaktrin ^ it is applied that the such 409882/0750 -O- 24232Q5 lined up elements of the contact ring group (A) is axially biased that. the contact ring group (A) on an upper base plate 02). is suspended by means of a self-aligning bearing (284j5O) so that the brushes of the brush groups (.B) rest against the associated contact rings of the contact ring group (A) and that finally the clamping elements for axially tightening the contact ring group (A) for further pressing of the upsetting elements (sockets 52) and axial compression of the contact rings are tightened, until the position of all contact rings of the contact ring group (A) is aligned with the position of the brushes of the brush groups (B). ■ "■ '""'""'""' 409882/0750 Blank page