DE2422616A1 - Vacuum veneering and laminating deep contoured component surfaces - with disposable transparent envelope replacing expensive formers or rubber bags - Google Patents

Abstract

A vacuum process for improving the surfaces of objects of all kinds, consists of enveloping the goods in an oversize sheath of a thin, flexible weldable and transparent film; extracting the air from envelope and goods; and sealing the envelope which is then subjected to atmospheric pressure. The process is used for applying single or multiple layers of synthetics, paper, leather, rubber, textiles and/or metals to the performed surfaces of wood, expanded or unexpanded synthetic resins, metals, stoneware, plaster, cement and/or similar components and bonding them with a layer of adhesive. Process is economical in time, labour and equipment, ensuring a continuous cycle of operations. Prodn. faults can be detected and rectified at once.

Description

Vacuum process for surface finishing by surface coating The invention is based on known vacuum packaging methods with introduction goods to be packed in an oversized envelope made of a thin, pliable, preferably weldable and transparent film, with evacuation of the cover and Submission of litzter to the atmospheric pressure.

The method is carried out with two modifications.

After the first, the envelope is evacuated and in the vacuum chamber itself closed by welding.

Another possibility that has become known is the case to drain into a flattened mouthpiece at the time of welding bar-shaped welding electrodes are in contact, under the influence of which the weld is closed the shell takes place. The thin, pliable, weldable and transparent covers close the food stored in them gas, especially air, liquid, preferably water-, vapor-, moisture- and aroma-proof, so that on this Food stored in a manner practical with the appropriate temperature control can be kept unreached.

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that in completely different areas of technology to cope with fundamentally different ones Tasks developments have been realized which are disadvantageous compared to Solutions are that result if the state of the art presented is analogous transfers to the technical field discussed below.

In furniture manufacture, in building construction, civil engineering, vehicle and apparatus construction namely, bodies consisting of the most varied of materials occur, which di a wide variety of surface profiles, depressions, elevations, patterns, Have recesses, breakthroughs, roundings and other shapes that especially when modern demands have to be met, sometimes extremely complicated and individual. These parts are used for surface finishing very often coated or provided with cladding, mostly for their manufacture Westoffe used to be made of the material of the coated or lined. Body differ. Both types of surface finishes are discussed below recorded under the common expression of the flat structure.

Its thickness can range from a fraction of a millimeter to a Thicknesses vary in excess of that of the body being coated or clothed is.

The application of the flat structures was often difficult because they are glued on with correspondingly negative counter-pressure forms or stencils had to.

A rational production was due to the high degree of difficulty the work and the large cost of the mold not possible.

A slight improvement could be achieved through the use of opaque, Airtight, thick-walled rubber bags can be achieved in which the to be coated Body on which the adhesive had already been applied, together with the Coating introduced mlrde. The rubber bag was then evacuated and sealed, so that the atmospheric air pressure over the rubber bag on the parts to be connected acted and caused a pressing together to initiate an adhesive bond. Here, however, the material placed in the rubber bag had to set in each case or hardening of the adhesive remain in this sack, which reduces the production times have been adversely modified and those available in the A correspondingly large number of very expensive rubber bags had to be purchased.

Due to the rigidity of the reusable rubber bags, only large or only slightly profiled surfaces are coated, as more complicated Profiling over narrow edges does not prevent the stiff rubber material from being coated caused perfect pressing. Rather, there were breaks in the edge area, if the coating material (e.g. Holzfurmier) does not exactly match the part to be coated was cut or shifted. There were also glue inclusions if glue is used as a binding agent, for example, from the places where the rubber bag could act directly on the places where the rubber bag due to its rigidity does not fit snugly (fillets, corners), wandered. Another disadvantage of this approach was that incorrectly executed coatings only after hardening of the binder and removal of the finished part from the rubber bag became visible. Bad coatings occur relatively often because - due to the rigidity of the rubber bag and the forces arising as a result of the vacuum - a shift the flat structure used as a coating material on the then as a lubricant effective binder layer occurred.

In contrast, the task of the invention is to provide a working method to find, with the help of which the known working methods adhering hanging become avoidable. The purpose of the invention is also to find a method to get complicated Profiled bodies made of a wide variety of materials simply with flat structures of the types discussed, including dull deformations of laminates, foils, veneers and the like. Realizable on core pieces or templates should be. Short work cycles, low maintenance requirements, little effort and low Expenses are further conditions that are required in practice.

Based on the vacuum packaging process with j; to be packaged Good things in an oversized shell made of a dune, pliable, preferably weldable and transparent film, with evacuation of cover and goods, @@@@@@@ with closure of the envelope and submission of the latter to atmospheric pressure The present invention by using the process for introducing or multilayer flat structure such as laminates, veneers, textiles, Papers, thermosetting or thermoplastic foils, cardboard, fleece, leather, metals or Like. On preformed or preformed surfaces having wood, plastic, foam, Metal, stone, plaster of paris, cement bodies, similar substances and / or bodies with incorporation Layers of binding agents between flat structures and bodies such as glue, warm- or cold-curing plastics, synthetic resins or the like.

Another possible application of the well-known vacuum process consists in the permanent shaping of single or multilayer flat structures such as Laminates, textiles, veneers, papers,. Duro-, thermoplastic foils, rumen, Fleece, metals on cores, shaped pieces, templates, stencils or on others shape-determining: pieces, where appropriate before the introduction of the flat structure and of the shaping pieces in the shell causing the flat structure by its solidification Agents such as glue, adhesives, hot-cold-curing plastics, synthetic resins or the like are stiffened can be.

In the application of the known method proposed according to the invention assumes a rapid yet durable connection or deformation by gluing, deviating binding agents and by pressing them to be connected Areas is promoted, if it succeeds, those located in the flat structure and in the binder To remove gas or air inclusions: i e a homogeneous distribution of the binding agent u reach. by that after venting and removal from the vacuum chamber the atmospheric pressure is constantly effective, it falls with previous working methods required pressing time gone, because even with the subsequent storage the Änpreßstatus As a result of constantly effective air pressure remains. From or. Curing times of The binders used therefore no longer need to be taken into account.

The practical application results in the following advantages: a) Time and personnel savings through continuous work flow and work cycle en; b) Saving of counter-pressure models and expensive rubber bags; c) due to the Due to the transparency of the cover, defects are recognized immediately after removal and eliminated, for example by cutting open the shell and changing the fault location, again Insertion into the vacuum chamber, repeated evacuation and closure formation harden the binders; d) even pressure on surfaces and edges of the body, even with jagged profiles, because the shell is soft and pliable, which means they in covings, deep depressions, sharp-edged niches or the like. penetrates; e) the shell has no material connection with the adjacent flat structure one and forms still an effective protection against scratches, Soiling and other disadvantageous surface changes of the Shell surrounded body or its parts and it facilitates the transport; f) the foil covering saves stacking layers when it is kept in position; g) the cost of Foils are small and always disproportionate to the cost of counter-pressure forms or rubber bags. So-called disposable foils can also be used.

Each cover can be used and recycled several times in a row for smaller parts.

The structure and profile of the parts to be produced are common given by the appropriately pre-shaped body. Manufacturing advantages can be also achieve that the structure of the body to be produced by appropriate Shaping of the surface of the flat structure to be applied is to be determined.

As an advantage of the process it can be argued that as a result the flexibility of the film used is narrow, adjacent to larger surfaces Areas, edges or partial areas can be subjected to the method. there too .On the smallest areas, the atmospheric pressure ensures uniform contact pressure, for example at Edge banding, guaranteed.

Laminates in sheet and / or sheet form can be used as flat structures, thermosetting or thermoplastic foils or sheets, papers, cardboard, fabrics, nonwovens, Leather1 Metals or other suitable materials.

As a body to be surface-refined or shaped by flat structures are to be named for example: wood, chipboard, fiber, Pbrnierplatten, plasterboard or Cement boards, foamed or cast boards made of plastics, synthetic resins, Dashboards of EHR and aircraft or any other shaped body of any kind.

Preferred binding and solidifying agents are: glue, Adhesives, warm or cold curing plastics and synthetic resins.

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of a drawing Embodiment explained in more detail.

1 shows an apparatus for carrying out the method based on the phase prevailing at the beginning of the process, FIG. 2 shows the device 1 in the phase during or shortly after the end of the drive. the characters 3 - 8 show a number of application examples of the method.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a vacuum chamber with a lower part 10 and an airtight cover 11. The one enclosed by the vacuum chamber The space can either be ventilated or evacuated by means of a connection 19. In the Vacuum chamber 10, 11 shows a Röprer 13 to be coated, its surface is profiled. There are 14 flat structures, for example made of laminate sheets or consist of papers having several layers.

The profile body 13 facing boundary surfaces on both sides of the body 13 lying flat structures 14 exist as all middle layers, between which is thus the profile body 13. Located in the vacuum chamber 10, 11 further plastic plates 16 to exercise a displacement effect that the The amount of air to be evacuated is as small as possible to facilitate the evacuation work to be able to reduce. Profile body 13, flat structure 14 and binder layers are together in an open shell 15 made of a transparent, thin, Flexible and weldable shell 15 A package 13, 14 formed in this way is located during evacuation in the evacuation vessel 10, 11 the parts of which are not combined, but are also sealed gas-tight. The resulting vacuum will also the space enclosed by the sheath 15 is evacuated so that the sheath 15 adapts to the called package creates. You can then use the arrow, as shown on the left 1F3 is indicated, a weld forming the shell as a whole Slides take place. Is then using the connection 12, or before had served for evacuation, the contents of the chamber flooded, so the one in the chamber takes care of it occurring, atmospheric pressure ensures that there is a uniform and all-round The flat structure 14 is pressed against the profile body 13, with the adhesive effect of the binding agent are activated or activated körjien, as far as this is necessary is. The seams of the film occurring at 18 also lie close to the profile body 13 on Subsequent to the ventilation of the vacuum chamber, the one in the envelope 15 becomes Package taken out of the chamber 10, 11 and stored.

After removal, the setting and hardening of the adhesive remains promoting atmospheric pressure effect received in full. Jamit is guaranteed that, for example, with a single vacuum chamber in compliance with sufficient short Work cycles compared to the previous work processes a significant increase in capacity can be achieved.

Fig. 3 shows items in a device according to the figures 1 and 2 are joined together, the flat structure 14 for surface or

Underside coating of the body 13 is provided. The flat structure 14 is a laminate plate, while part 13 is a veneer plate Design is. Furniture and doors come into consideration as areas of application.

en 4 and 4a shows a deformation in two directions with unilateral Coating. The cuts ix and X - X indicate the existence of depressions and Increases off. The following can be considered as flat structures, for example: Sheets of all types, such as copper sheets. The body 20 is a synthetic resin body.

Facade cladding comes into consideration as an area of application.

Fig. 5 shows the gluing of a deep-drawn film 3 on a Surface 4, which can consist of rigid PVC or polystyrene and on a body e.g. a clamping plate, is worn.

The following areas of application are to be mentioned: Wall and ceiling cladding.

Fig. 6 shows a gluing of surfaces with simultaneous covering rounded he edges The flat structure 6 consists for example of a polyester - Laminate board, while a chipboard is used as the body 7.

Areas of application are e.g. school and desk tops.

Fig. 7 shows a flat structure in the form of the coating of a body, which has a rounded edge 8 and a profiled edge 9.

The flat structure appears as a structured laminate board, while a split plate with a glued-on profile strip is used as the body can. Areas of application are e.g. worktops for kitchens and laboratories.

Finally, FIG. 8 shows the coating of a dashboard cutout, for example. Included the flat structure consists of a printed PVC film or a grained artificial or natural leather, which is on a profiled body, e.g. made of polyurethane foam.

It is used, for example, in vehicle construction.

The exemplary embodiments shown represent a selection from enumerable, various possibilities. An adhesive application, as in Figures 1 - 8 shown can of course be omitted. Then the flat structure only bears in agent ensuring its solidification which, after application of the process, causes that the structure has and retains the shape and course of the shaped body, without to be connected to its boundary surfaces.

Claims (2)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Vacuum process for surface finishing with introduction to be packaged Good in an oversized envelope made of a thin, pliable, preferably weldable and transparent film, evacuation of envelope and; Okay, lock the Ilüllo and submission of the latter to the atomic pressure, g e k e n z e i c h n e t d u r r h Application of the method for applying single or melLr Layered laminate surfaces made of plastic, paper, leather, rubber, textiles and / or metal on preformed surfaces having wood, plastic, foam, Metal, stone, plaster of paris, cement bodies and / or similar substances and bodies with incorporation a binder layer between the laminate surface and the body. 2. previous to claim 1 g e 2; e n n -z e i c h n e t d u On the right, it is used for shaping single or multi-layer flat structures Core bodies, shaped pieces, templates, templates or other shape-determining Pieces, optionally with the introduction of binding agent layers connecting flat structures and moldings or to consolidate the flat structures by means of such binders.