DE2417737B2 - - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a machine for clearing shrubbery, undergrowth. Bushes and the like a tractor, which carries an adjustable bracket at its front end, on which to grasp gripping devices serving for bars and for cutting off the held bars Cutting devices are arranged.

There are already machines known for the purpose described above and in particular in the French patent specification 15 55 9! 1 and in U.S. Patents 3,238,981 and 3,575,222. In the machine according to French patent specification 15 55 911, there is a cutting device from a chainsaw which is driven by a motor which is mounted on a contra-angle that on the normally vertically oriented holder by means of a likewise vertically extending bracket Shaft is hinged. Can by means of a hydraulic power cylinder acting on the elbow the elbow can be pivoted in both directions about its pivot axis. In the case of the US patent 32 38 981 described machine, the cutting device is of the same design, however the hydraulic power cylinder has been replaced by a second motor with a likewise vertical axis. Corresponding the US patent 35 75 222 the cutting device consists of two coplanar cutting knives, each pivotable about a vertical axis by means of a hydraulic power cylinder and are adjustable in this way away from each other and towards each other.

The known cutting devices are not entirely satisfactory in their mode of operation, because they once due to the system used (corresponding in particular to US Pat. No. 3,575,222) a small amount Have the cutting performance of the reciprocating chainsaw or scissors, on the other hand because the The cut surface is small and limited by the nature of the cutting elements. Enlargement is also possible the cutting elements would not lead to an increase, since larger dimensions would reduce a correspondingly Would result in robustness. In all cases the replacement of the cutting elements is difficult, all cutting elements must always be replaced, even if some are still usable. the Cutting elements cannot be readjusted according to their wear and are hardly or at all not protected.

Furthermore, in US Pat. No. 34 94 389 unc in the German patent specification 9 00 493 cutting devices described, which consist of a U-shaped There are frames in which a cutting ring is guided with an external toothed ring, which is connected to the: Gear rim meshing gear is driven, which is rotatably mounted on the frame.

However, these cutters are not for a mobile machine for clearing shrubbery and the like. Suitable because the axial dimensions of the frame are larger than those of the ring gear, whereby the depth of penetration of the ring gear into the shrubbery to be cleared is limited. Furthermore, the ring gear is in its inner section in no way protected against sawdust or wood fragments, soft thus get between the mechanical drive parts and affect their operation Here, too, all cutting elements have to be replaced together, and there are no adjustment options for the same.

According to the German patent 8 00 508, an automatic, hand-portable hedge cutter is known, which carries knives arranged radially on a knife disk, which circling against fixed knives are moved, which are also radial align and are arranged on the engine housing In addition, according to US-PS 21 15 265 a portable hedge trimmer is known, which is only on a rotating The knife disc arranged knife has the adjustable in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction are. Such hedge trimmers are only suitable for cutting thin branches and not before Undergrowth and bush trunks, as the known arrangement of the knives does not allow a steady deeper penetration the same into the wood when cutting.

The invention is intended to provide a machine for clearing shrubbery and the like, which does not have the disadvantages described above.

The proposed machine consists of a tractor, at the front end of a generally Bracket aligned in the vertical direction around a first, vertical axis and a main plane of symmetry the machine's vertical, horizontal axis is pivotably articulated, one in the lower Area of the holder and arranged by means of a motor-driven cutting device, einim middle area of the holder slidably arranged in different opening positions bringable pair of pliers, one in the upper area of the bracket pivotable about a vertical Axis mounted arm, used for opening and closing unc for sliding movement of the pair of pliers Adjusting devices, adjusting devices used to pivot the arm, and a cutting device in the form of a circular rim disc guided by internal rollers, which on its circular

Migen inner edge has a toothed ring which meshes with a gear driven by means of a motor, and is characterized according to the invention in that the cutting device consists of two coaxial, circular plates attached to the bracket at a mutual axial distance, the extent of which in the axial direction is at most is equal to the axial extension of the flexible plate, which are also connected to each other at their periphery by the guide rollers and the circular _{öff-! 0} voltage of the drive plate, the drive sprocket and the gear are, cover and protect at, and that a plurality of blades on the outer circumference the rim disk by means of independent, radially outwardly pointing and in at least one plane at the same mutual distances around the axis of rotation of the rim disk around clamping devices are attached.

The invention is described below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings explained in more detail.

F i g. Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a shrubbery clearing machine according to the invention;

F i g. Figure 2 is a plan view, on a larger scale, of one half of the cutter;

F i g. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cutter taken along line 111-111 of FIG. 2;

F i g. Figure 4 is a plan view, on an even larger scale, of a jig for a Cutter knife;

F i g. Fig. 5 is a schematic development view showing the orientation of the knives in the cutting device;

F i g. 6 is a top plan view of an angled knife; F i g. 7 is a side view of the knife of FIG. 6; F i g. 8 is a top plan view of a straight knife.

The in F i g. 1 illustrated machine for clearing shrubbery, undergrowth, bushes and the like from a tractor 1 which carries a gripping and cutting device 2 at its front end.

The tractor 1 consists of a chassis 4 mounted on wheels 3 with a motor-gearbox block 5 and a driver's cab 6. In the driver's cab 6 are the controls for driving the tractor 1 and operating the gripping and cutting device 2. The gripping - and cutting device 2 consists of a parallelepiped holder 7, which is normally aligned essentially vertically and is hinged to the end of a support arm 8. The plane of the holder 7 is to be referred to here as the main plane of symmetry. The support arm 8 is at its lower end around two mutually perpendicular shafts 8b, 8c; which each lie in or perpendicular to the main plane of symmetry, pivotable on a bearing block 9, which in turn is pivotable at the front end 4a of the chassis 4 about a substantially vertical axis 10 lying in the main plane of symmetry The first two are hinged to the bracket 9 and the support arm 8, and the third is hinged to the bracket 8 and the bracket 7, allow the bracket 7 to pivot with respect to the bracket 9 in all directions and in particular about a plane of symmetry to the main plane of symmetry vertical, horizontal axis. The bearing block 9 is rotatable about the vertical axis 10, so that the holder 7 can be set in any desired position to the side of the tractor 1 or as an extension of the same. The various pivoting options for the holder 7 allow the machine to be adapted to all desired orientations that occur in practice.

The holder 7 can thus be moved from the vertical position shown here into any other desired orientation be pivoted. A cutting device 12 is arranged in the lower region of the holder 7. A Pair of pliers 13, the mutual spacing of which is variably adjustable, is in the central area of the holder 7 guided along this slidably displaceable and also around one in the main plane of symmetry lying horizontal axis 14 pivotable. An arm 15 is in the upper region of the holder 7 by one vertical axis 16 pivotably mounted.

The cutting device 12 consists of a cutting disk 17, which is about a vertical axis 17a can be driven by means of a motor 18. which is arranged on a console 19, which is removable at the bottom End of the bracket 7 is attached.

The pair of pliers 13 is arranged on a slide 20, which is located in the central region of the holder 7 and slidably displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the same by means of a vertical power cylinder 21 is led. The power cylinder 21 is on the one hand on the holder 7 and on the other hand on the slide 20 hinged. Instead of a power cylinder, a chain drive or the like can of course also be used for adjustment of the carriage 20 can be used. To open or close the pair of pliers 13 are power cylinders, Articulated rods or the like 136 are provided and allow an opening or closing movement to be carried out by the tongs 13 and the pivoting of the slide 20 about the horizontal axis 14.

At the upper end of the bracket 7, the arm 15 is articulated about the vertical axis 16, which with respect to the main plane of symmetry is laterally offset. The arm 15 is curved towards the main plane of symmetry. The arm 15 becomes pivoted.

The actuation of the drive elements, power cylinders and the like takes place from the driver's cab 6.

The operation of the clearing machine according to the invention is briefly as follows: The cutting device 12 is attached by suitable alignment of the holder 7 against a bush or shrub. The tongs 13 grip the bush and form a sheaf. The lower end of the rods is cut by the cutting disk 17 according to the height adjustment of the pliers 13 from. During the cut, the arm 15 can be pivoted to the side, so that a rod can be added to rods that have already been cut and a larger sheaf can be formed in this way.

As soon as the sheaf formed in this way has assumed a sufficient size, pivot the driver puts the support arm 8 and thus the holder i around the axis 10 and thereby brings the sheaf into a « lateral position to the tractor. Then the tongs 13 are pivoted about the axis 14 until dii Sheaf occupies a horizontal position Then the carriage 20 is lowered and the tongs 13 are opened, so that the sheaf is released and since loaned from the tractor 1 falls to the ground where it fell outside of the traction path of the tractor

The clearing machine thus works in the manner of a Ge

A Q5S

row mower, by not moving bush after bush or bush around as has been the case up to now Clears the shrub piece by piece, but removes it continuously.

The tractor, the fastening of the holder 7, the pair of pliers 13, the arm 15 and the cutting device 12 can be designed in different ways and adjustable by different means. In the F i g. 2 and 3 a preferred embodiment of the cutting device is shown. This consists of a ring disk 22 rotatable about an imaginary axis of rotation 17a , to which knives 23 are attached at the same mutual angular distances by means of clamping devices described below, which are in the same plane as the ring disk 22 , protrude radially outward from this and like the cutting edges a milling machine. The rim disk 22 is guided on three rollers 24, the axes 24a of which are fastened to a lower plate 25a and an upper plate 256. One of these two plates 25a or 256 can optionally be designed to be removable. Both plates are circular and have the same dimensions, being arranged coaxially to the axis 17a and held in a mutual axial distance, so that the axial extent of both disks or plates is at most equal to that of the ring washer 22 and thus the central circular opening of the same is covered, whereby, as can be seen further below, the drive devices for the crown disc are protected. Both plates 25a and 256 are connected to one another at their periphery by axes 24a. The ring disk 22 carries a drive ring gear 26 on its inner circumference, the teeth of which point towards the axis of rotation 17a and mesh with a gear wheel 27 which is rotatably mounted on an axis of rotation 27a. The axis of rotation 27a is arranged parallel to and at a distance from the axis of rotation 17a , being closer to the bracket 7 than the axis 17a , so that the various drive elements for the ring disk 22, which are arranged around the axis 27a , prevent the same and the Do not limit the same axial extent having plates 25a and 256 in the wood to be cut. The crown disk 22 is thus offset towards the front of the machine, its depth of cut being increased by the axial distance between the two axes 17a and 27a. In addition, the plates 25a and 256 protect the drive ring gear 26 and the gear wheel 27 against the penetration of sawdust and pieces of wood. Asten and the like into the drive, which could block or damage it.

The gear wheel 27 is held by bearings 28a, 286 which are arranged in the plates 25a and 256 . The gear drive takes place by means of a shaft 29 which is connected either directly or via a gear to a drive motor.

The rim disk 22 preferably consists of a lower rim half 22a and one that is coaxial with it upper rim half 226, which are firmly connected to one another, for example by bolts and nuts 30.

In Fig. 3 shows two rows of knives 23, although a different number of knife rows can also be provided. The motor 18 is arranged either above the cutting disk 17 or at a distance from it, so that the motor output shaft either coincides with the axis of rotation 27a or is at a distance therefrom which is greater than the distance between the axis of rotation 27a and the axis of rotation 17a.

F i g. 4 shows a clamping device by means of which a knife 23 is attached to the ring gear 22. The knife is held in a recess 31 in the rim row, which is covered by a removable plate 32. The recess 31 is delimited by a first, radial clamping surface 33 and by a second, inclined clamping surface 34. Both clamping surfaces converge towards the outside of the rim disk. A wedge 35 and the knife body 36, ie the main part of the knife 23, are located in the recess 31 between the two clamping surfaces 33 and 34.

The tapering section of the wedge 35 points to the outside of the rim disk 22 , a first wedge surface 34a resting against the inclined clamping surface 34 of the recess 31, while the second wedge surface 37, as can be seen further below, lies against the knife body 36. A projection 38, which can be brought to rest against the knife 23, adjoins the second wedge surface 37 towards the wedge base surface. The knife is delimited by a first side surface 33a, which rests against the radial clamping surface 33, and a second side surface 39, the outermost section of which forms the cutting surface 40 of the knife. The two side surfaces 33a and 39 of the knife converge towards the outside of the rim disk. However, the angle enclosed between the two side surfaces is smaller than the wedge angle enclosed by the two wedge surfaces 34 a and 37 of the wedge 35.

The clamping device also comprises a crescent-shaped core 41 of generally semicircular shape, which is freely rotatably mounted in a circular seat recess 42 which is connected to the recess 31. One end of the crescent-shaped core 41, which is delimited on the one hand by a diameter surface 43 and on the other hand by the circular segment that can be slidably rotated in the circular seat recess 42 , is protruding in the form of a nose 44 , which points towards the base of the wedge 35 and can be brought into contact with it is. A screw 45 screwed in through a radially extending threaded bore that extends as far as the seat recess 42 is accessible with its screw head 45a from the outer side of the crown washer, with the inner end 456 of the threaded section of the screw facing the end of the diameter surface 43 diametrically opposite the nose 44 Plant can be brought. The two side surfaces 33a and 39 of the knife body 36 are connected to one another by a transverse surface 46 which runs essentially at an angle of 45 ° to the side surface 33a and is located in the most inner part of the recess 31. The projection 38 is connected to the second wedge surface 37 by an edge 38a which is also inclined by approximately 45 ° with respect to this surface . Consequently, the transverse surface 4f runs practically parallel to the edge 38a.

The way the clamping device works is as follows: To clamp the knife 23 in the recess 31, the screw 45 is screwed into the threaded hole on the ring washer 22, whereby the crescent-shaped core 41 located in the circular seat recess 42 is rotated clockwise . The nose 44 is in the direction of de; Arrow displaced 47 to outer rim side and able to bear against the base of the wedge 35 unc presses this toward the flexible plate outside wöbe

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1955

ler wedge 35 slides along the clamping surface 34. the : The wide wedge surface 37 is supported against the second side surface 39 of the knife body 36. This one The wide side surface 39 is inclined at a small angle to the first side surface 33a, causes the displacement of the wedge 35 towards the outer side of the rim disk that the knife 23 between the wedge 35 and the clamping surface : he 33 is wedged. Since the clamping surfaces 33 and 34 converge towards one another, the knife can move in the Do not shift the wedged state to the outside of the ring washer 22. By relocating of the wedge 35 to the outer side of the rim disk is also the projection 38 to rest against the Knife 23 brought so that it does not move in the radial direction towards the center of the crown disc, i.e. can be further inserted into the recess 31. All that is required to replace a knife is the Loosened screw 45, for which purpose the screw head 45a from the outside of the rim washer by means of a corresponding tool can be rotated. This releases the crescent-shaped core 41, after which the wedge 35 and the knife 23 can be removed.

In Fig. 5 shows a section of the crown disk 22 schematically in development and shows a group of three knives 23a, 23i> and 23c arranged one behind the other, which are each bent upwards, aligned in the plane of the crown disk 22 or bent downwards. The cutting surfaces 40 of the knives 23a and 23c each protrude above and below the upper side and the lower side of the rim disk 22, respectively. Consequently, the cutting width or set a is greater than the thickness e of the crown disk 22, so that it can be inserted into the sawn timber without the crown disk jamming. Of course, knives 23a, 23b and 23c can also be arranged one above the other at several heights on the rim disk 22.

The F i g. 6 and 7 each show a top view and a side view of an angled knife such as e.g. the knife 23a of Fig. 5. The one between deri the two converging side surfaces 33a and 39 included angles is a few degrees and z. B. 3 °. The angle of inclination of the transverse surface 4? against the side surface 33a is on the order of 45 °. Of the between the knife body 36 and the angled end section 36a, which forms the cutting surface 40, included obtuse angles is on the order of 165 °.

In Fig. 8, a straight knife such as knife 23fr is shown, the dimensions of which are essentially those of the in the Fi g. 6 and 7 correspond to the knives shown.

According to a further embodiment, the rim disk 22 can also be replaced by a single disk be, which has a large diameter and carries the knife. The disc is in this case firmly keyed to a shaft which is driven by a hydraulic motor. Are on the pane at least two rows of knives attached, the knives each angled downwards and upwards are. If necessary, a third row of knives can be provided, the knives in the rim disk plane are aligned. Several disks, each with two or three Rows of knives can be arranged, the disks being driven together.

The cutting device attached to the console 19 can optionally be equipped with a feed device be provided, by means of which the cutting device either in the plane of symmetry of the machine advanced or pivoted about a vertical axis.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

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Claims (16)

Patent claims: 1. Machine for clearing shrubbery and the like, consisting of a tractor, at the front end of which a bracket aligned in a generally vertical direction is pivotably articulated about a first, vertical axis and a second, horizontal axis perpendicular to the main plane of symmetry of the machine, one arranged in the lower region of the bracket and by means of a motor-driven cutting device, a pair of pliers that can be slidably displaced in the middle area of the holder and can be brought into different opening positions, an arm pivoted about a vertical axis in the upper area of the holder. for opening and closing and for sliding the pair of pliers serving adjusting devices, ium pivoting the arm serving adjusting devices, and a cutting device in the form of a circular ring disc guided by internal rollers, which has a ring gear on its circular inner edge which is driven by a gear wheel combs, characterized in that the cutting device (12) consists of two coaxial, circular plates (25a, 25 £) fastened to the holder (7) at a mutual axial distance, the extent of which in the axial direction is at most equal to the axial extent ( e) the rim disc (22), which are also connected to one another on their periphery by the guide rollers (24) and cover and protect the circular opening of the rim disc on which the drive gear rim (26) and the gearwheel (27) are located, and that several knives (23) mediate on the outer circumference of the rim disc (22) s independent clamping devices (31 to 35, 37, 38, 40 to 46) arranged in at least one plane at equal mutual distances around the axes of rotation (17a) of the rim disk are attached. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each knife (23) in a recess (31) of the rim disc (22), which has a radial clamping surface (33) and an outward direction of the rim disc circumference converging towards this, inclined clamping surface (34) is wedged, and the jig has a wedge (35) whose tapered end to the rim disc circumference, a first wedge surface (34a) against the inclined clamping surface (34), and a second wedge surface (37) against a first, in the direction of the rim disc circumference facing side surface (39) of the knife body (36) rests, which in turn is against the radial Clamping surface (33) is supported, as well as adjusting devices accessible from the outside of the rim (45) which serve to move the wedge (35) along the inclined clamping surface (34) to be adjusted in the direction of the rim disc circumference, but an adjustment of the wedge for To prevent the center of the crown disk and the knife (23) between the radial clamping surface (33) and the second wedge surface (37). 3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the second wedge surface (37) of the wedge (35) is connected to the wedge base via a projection (38) pointing towards the knife (23), which can be brought to bear against the two converging side surfaces (33a, 39) of the Cross surface (46) connecting the knife body (36) to one another and serves for the center of the rim disc to prevent directed displacements of the knife. 4. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjustment of the wedge (35) along the inclined clamping surface (34) serving adjusting devices from one in one circular seat recess (42) of the rim disc (22) rotatably mounted semicircular core (41) with a diameter surface (43) facing the outside of the rim, which at one end is in the form a nose (44) which can be brought to bear against the wedge base surface is arched, and one in a Threaded hole of the crown washer (22) screwed screw (45) exist, the screw head (45a) accessible from the outer side of the ring washer, and its threaded end section on the the end opposite the nose (44) can be brought to bear against the diameter surface (43). 5 machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the transverse surface (46) in the manner against the two converging side surfaces (33a, 39) of the knife body (36) is inclined that the length the side surface (33a) resting against the radial clamping surface (33) is greater than the length the side surface (39) against which the wedge (35) rests. 6. Machine according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the the cutting surface (40) having the end section of the knife (23) opposite that which can be inserted into the recess (31) Knife body (36) is angled. 7. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rim disc (22) Groups of three knives (23a, 236, 23c) each carry, one of which is to the upper circular surface of the Crown disk is angled, one is aligned in the plane of the crown disk, and one to the lower Circular surface of the rim disc is angled out. 8. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rim disc (22) Groups of two knives (23a, 23c) each carry, one of which to the upper, and the other to the is angled lower circular surface of the rim disc. 9. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cutting width (a) predetermined by the upwardly and downwardly angled knife (23a or 23c) is greater than the axial extension (e) of the crown disk (22). 10. Machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cutting device (12) of several crown disks wedged one above the other on the same drive shaft (22) exists. 11. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the cutting device on the vertical bracket (7) in the horizontal direction and is slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction. 12. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft of the drive the cutting device (12) serving motor (18) with the axis of rotation (27a) of the to drive the Sprocket serving gear (27) coincides. 13. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the output shaft of the motor (18) used to drive the cutting device (12) at a smaller distance from the axis of rotation (27a) than from the axis (17a) of the crown disc (22) is arranged 14. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the pair of tongs (13) about a horizontal axis lying in the main plane of symmetry (14) is pivotably mounted. 15. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pair of tongs (13) on a slide (20) is articulated, which is slidably guided on the holder (7) and by means of a on the holder (7) and the carriage (20) articulated power cylinder (21) is adjustable. 16. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot axis (16) aes on the holder (7) arranged arm (15) parallel to and at a lateral distance from the main plane of symmetry is arranged, the arm is curved and in the extended position with its free End points towards the main plane of symmetry.