DE2413493B2 - SEMICONDUCTOR INJECTION LASER WITH DOUBLE HETEROGENIC LAYER STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING - Google Patents
SEMICONDUCTOR INJECTION LASER WITH DOUBLE HETEROGENIC LAYER STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURINGInfo
- Publication number
- DE2413493B2 DE2413493B2 DE19742413493 DE2413493A DE2413493B2 DE 2413493 B2 DE2413493 B2 DE 2413493B2 DE 19742413493 DE19742413493 DE 19742413493 DE 2413493 A DE2413493 A DE 2413493A DE 2413493 B2 DE2413493 B2 DE 2413493B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- laser
- gaas
- layers
- active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 5
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 32
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/0004—Devices characterised by their operation
- H01L33/002—Devices characterised by their operation having heterojunctions or graded gap
- H01L33/0025—Devices characterised by their operation having heterojunctions or graded gap comprising only AIIIBV compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/305—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34313—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer having only As as V-compound, e.g. AlGaAs, InGaAs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/32308—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34313—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer having only As as V-compound, e.g. AlGaAs, InGaAs
- H01S5/3432—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer having only As as V-compound, e.g. AlGaAs, InGaAs the whole junction comprising only (AI)GaAs
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
Bohrung Halbleiteriösungen Aufwachsschichten Konzentration der LadungsträgerDrilling semiconductor solutions growth layers concentration of charge carriers
in den Schichtkomponenten der laseraktiven Schicht 13 (Atome/cm*) in the layer components of the laser-active layer 13 (Atoms / cm *)
Aus der vorstehenden Tabelle geht hervor, daß die Halbleiterlösuag in der mittleren Bohrung 25 die höchste Dotierung aufweist und daß die Lösungen in den anderen Bohrungen eine um so geringere Dotierung aufweisen, je weiter sie von der mittleren Bohrung 25 entfernt sind. It can be seen from the table above that the semiconductor solution in the central bore 25 has the highest doping and that the solutions in the other bores have a lower doping the further they are away from the central bore 25.
Die Auiwachssehichten auf dtui η-leitenden GaAs-Keim 19 werden nacheinander hergestellt, indem man bei der ersten Schicht 12 von 850° C ausgeht, mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1°C je Minute abkühlt und dabei den in F i g. 2 gezeigten Graphitgleiter 18 nach redits verschiebt. Die Abkühlzeit für die erste epitaktische n-leitendeGaj-jjAlxAs-Aufwachsschicht 12 beträgt 20 Minuten, die Abkühlzeit für jede Schichtkomponente Sl bis 37 der laseraktiven Ga As-Schicht 13 beträgt je 8 Sekunden, die Abkühlzeit für die dritte p-leitende Gaj-xAlxAs-Schicht 14 beträgt 1 Minute, und die Abkühlzeit für die vierte p+-leitende GaAs-Schicht 15 beträgt 3 Minuten.The wax layers on the η-conductive GaAs seed 19 are produced one after the other by starting from 850 ° C. for the first layer 12 , cooling at a rate of 1 ° C. per minute and thereby applying the values shown in FIG. 2 graphite slider 18 shown after redits moves. The cooling time for the first epitaxial n-conducting Gaj-jjAlxAs growth layer 12 is 20 minutes, the cooling time for each layer component Sl to 37 of the laser-active Ga As layer 13 is 8 seconds each, the cooling time for the third p-conducting Gaj-xAlxAs Layer 14 is 1 minute and the cooling time for the fourth p + -type GaAs layer 15 is 3 minutes.
Der Hauptteil des mittels des vorgenannten Verfahrens hergestellten Lasers ist in F i g. 3 als vereinfachter Schnitt durch die Aufwachsschichten dargestellt. Wie aus dieser Figur hervorgeht, besteht die laseraktive Schicht 13 aus 7 Schichtkomponenten 31 bis 37. Jede Schichtkomponente weist eine Dicke von ungefähr 0,15 μηι auf, was einer Dicke der laseraktiven Schicht 13 von etwa 1,05 μΐη entspricht. Die erste und die dritte Aufwachsschicht weisen eine Dicke von ungefähr 2,5 bzw. 1 μπι auf.The main part of the laser produced by the aforementioned method is shown in FIG. 3 shown as a simplified section through the growth layers. As can be seen from this figure, the laser-active layer 13 consists of 7 layer components 31 to 37. Each layer component has a thickness of approximately 0.15 μm, which corresponds to a thickness of the laser-active layer 13 of approximately 1.05 μm. The first and third growth layers have a thickness of approximately 2.5 and 1 μm, respectively.
Der Laser gemäß diesem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ermöglicht im niedrigsten Zustard einen Schwellenwert der Stromdichte von nur 100 A/cm2, der mit herkömmlichen Lasern bisher nicht erreichbar war. Das Verhältnis zwischen der Dicke »rf« der laseraktiven Schicht 13 und dem Schwellenwert der Stromdichte /»cn ist in F i g. 6 dargestellt, in der die ausgezogene Kurve die Charakteristik des Lasers gemäß dieser ersten Ausführungsform darstellt, während die gestrichelte Linie die Charakteristik eines.herkömmlichen Lasers zeigt. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßenIn the lowest state, the laser according to this first exemplary embodiment enables a threshold value for the current density of only 100 A / cm 2 , which was previously not achievable with conventional lasers. The ratio between the thickness "rf" of the laser-active layer 13 and the threshold value of the current density / "cn is shown in FIG. 6, in which the solid curve shows the characteristic of the laser according to this first embodiment, while the broken line shows the characteristic of a conventional laser. By means of the invention
Lasers wird ein Laser-Licht mit einer Wellenlänge von 9000 A erzeugt.Laser light with a wavelength of 9000 A is generated.
Es wird angenommen, daß der Grand für die vorbeschriebene Herabsetzung des Schwellenwertes der Stromdichte darauf zurückgeht, daß gegebenenfallsIt is assumed that the grand for the above-described lowering of the threshold value of Current density is due to the fact that, if applicable
ίο in den äußeren Schichtkompon.2nten 31 bis 33 und 35 bis 37 durch Rekombination der Ladungsträger in diesen Schichtkomponentcn abgestrahltes Licht in der mittleren Schichtkomponente 34 absorbiert, diese Schichtkomponente 34 angeregt und das Laserlicht aus ihr abgestrahlt wird. Diese Annahme wird durchIn the outer layer components 31 to 33 and 35 to 37, light emitted by recombination of the charge carriers in these layer components is absorbed in the middle layer component 34 , this layer component 34 is excited and the laser light is emitted from it. This assumption is made by
die Beobachtung des »nahen Feldes« bestätigt, dasthe observation of the "near field" confirms that
die Verteilung des elektromagnetischen Feldes amthe distribution of the electromagnetic field on
Reflexionsspiegel des Lasers wiedergibt.Reflecting mirror of the laser reproduces.
Bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach F i g. 4In the second embodiment according to FIG. 4th
ao werden auf eine η-leitende GaAs-Grundschicht 111 eine erste η-leitende Ga, ~x Al1 As-Schicht 112, eine zweite laseraktive GaAs-Schicht 113, eine dritte p-leitende Gaj-jAlxAs-Schicht 114 und zur Herstellung eines ohmschen Kontakts eine vierte p+-leitende GaAs-Schicht 115 nacheinander durch das bekannte epitaktische Aufwachsverfahren in flüssiger Phase aufgebracht. Die vorbeschriebene laseraktive Schicht 113 besteht aus einer mittleren Schicht 42 hoher Ladungsträgerkonzentration, die sandwichartig in die äußeren Schichten 41 und 43, die niedrigere und nach außen abfallende Ladungsträgerkonzentrationen aufweisen, eingebettet ist.ao are on an η-conductive GaAs base layer 111, a first η-conductive Ga, ~ x Al 1 As layer 112, a second laser-active GaAs layer 113, a third p-conductive Gaj-jAlxAs layer 114 and to produce a ohmic contact, a fourth p + -conducting GaAs layer 115 is applied in succession by the known epitaxial growth method in the liquid phase. The above-described laser-active layer 113 consists of a middle layer 42 with a high charge carrier concentration, which is embedded in a sandwich-like manner in the outer layers 41 and 43, which have lower charge carrier concentrations that drop outwards.
Ein solcher Laser wird durch aufeinanderfolgende Ausbildung von epitaktischen' Aufwachsschichten unter Verwendung von Halblciterlösungen der nachfolgenden Tabelle II hergestellt.Such a laser is produced by successively forming epitaxial growth layers using half liter solutions of Table II below.
flnhning Halbleiterlösunnenflnhning semiconductor solutions
Wie aus der vorstehenden Tabelle ersichtlich, weist die Halbleiterlösung in der dritten Bohrung, die zur Herstellung der mittleren Schicht 42 der laseraktiven Schicht 113 verwendet wird, eine hohe Zink-Dotierung auf, während die Halbleiterlösungen in der zweiten und vierten Bohrung nicht dotiert sind.As can be seen from the table above, the semiconductor solution in the third bore, which is used to produce the middle layer 42 of the laser-active layer 113 , has a high level of zinc doping, while the semiconductor solutions in the second and fourth bore are not doped.
Bei der aufeinanderfolgenden Herstellung der Aurwachsschichten auf der Grundschicht 111 geht man für die erste Schicht 112 von einer Temperatur von 8500C aus und kühlt mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1°C je Minute ab. Die Abkühlperiode zur Herstellung der ersten epitaktischen n-leitendcn Ga1-XAIjAs-AUiwachsschicht 112 betragt 20 Minuten, die Abkühlperiode für jede der äußeren Schichtkomponenten 4] und 43 der laseraktiven Schicht aus nichtdotierterr GaAs beträgt jeweils 24 Sekunden, und die Abkühl· Periode für die mittlere Schichtkomponente 42 dei laseraktiven Schicht aus hochdotiertem GaAs betrag 8 Sekunden, die Abkühlperiode für die dritte Auf wachsschicht 114 aus p-Ieitendem Ga1-XAIxAs be trägt 1 Minute, und die Abkühlperiode für di( vierte Aufwachsschicht 115 aus ρ'-leitendem GaA: beträgt 3 Minuten. Anschließend wird das hergestellt Element einer 30minütigen Hitzebehandlung be 8000C unterworfen. Die Hitzebehandlung führt dazu daß die Zn-Dotierung aus der mittleren SchichtkompoIn the successive preparation of the Aurwachsschichten on the base layer 111 is one for the first layer 112 of a temperature of 850 0 C and cooled at a rate of 1 ° C per minute. The cooling period for producing the first epitaxial n-type Ga 1 -XAljAs wax layer 112 is 20 minutes, the cooling period for each of the outer layer components 4] and 43 of the laser-active layer made of undoped GaAs is 24 seconds each, and the cooling period for the middle layer component 42 of the laser-active layer made of highly doped GaAs amounts to 8 seconds, the cooling period for the third growth layer 114 made of p-conductive Ga 1 -XAlxAs amounts to 1 minute, and the cooling period for di (fourth growth layer 115 made of ρ'-conductive GaA: is 3 then minutes., the element produced a 30-minute heat treatment be 800 0 C subjected. the heat treatment results in that the Zn dopant from the middle Schichtkompo
:42 der laseraktiven Schicht in die äußeren :htkomponenten 41 und 43 dieser Schicht difiert und dadurch eine glockenförmige Verteilung Konzentration der Ladungsträger in der laseren Schicht 113, wie in Fig. 5(b) gezeigt, hergewird. : 42 of the laser-active layer differs into the outer components 41 and 43 of this layer and thereby a bell-shaped distribution concentration of the charge carriers in the lasers Layer 113 as shown in Fig. 5 (b) is made.
Der vorbeschriebene Laser gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform ermöglicht im niedrigsten Zustand einen Schwellenwert der Strondichtevonnur 100A/cma, ein Schwellenwert, der mit herkömmlichen Lasern nicht erreichbar ist. Dieser Laser erzeugt ein Licht mit einer Wellenlänge von 9000 A.The above-described laser according to the second embodiment enables a threshold value for the current density of only 100A / cm a in the lowest state, a threshold value which cannot be achieved with conventional lasers. This laser generates light with a wavelength of 9000 A.
Hierzu 4 Blatt ZeichnungenFor this purpose 4 sheets of drawings
l.xnast*earl.xnast * ear
22
Claims (3)
niedrigere Ladungsträgerkonzentration aufweisen, Diese Aufgabe wird, ausgehend von einem Laser je weiter sie von der. mittleren Einzelschicht (34; 42) der eingangs erwähnten Art, erfindungsgemäß daentfernt sind. durch gelöst, daß die mittlere Einzelschicht dieIt is therefore the object of the invention to further develop and improve a semicircular single layer (34, 42), the highest charge conductor injection laser of the type mentioned at the beginning, and the other single layers so that the threshold layers ( 31 to 33, 35 to 37; 41, 43) one is further reduced by the xo current,
Having lower carrier concentration, this task becomes starting from a laser the further it is from the. middle individual layer (34; 42) of the type mentioned at the beginning, are removed therefrom according to the invention. solved by that the middle single layer the
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3236273 | 1973-03-20 | ||
JP3236373A JPS49122290A (en) | 1973-03-20 | 1973-03-20 | |
JP3236273A JPS49122289A (en) | 1973-03-20 | 1973-03-20 | |
JP3236373 | 1973-03-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2413493A1 DE2413493A1 (en) | 1974-10-03 |
DE2413493B2 true DE2413493B2 (en) | 1976-02-19 |
DE2413493C3 DE2413493C3 (en) | 1976-09-30 |
Family
ID=
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2933035A1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-03-26 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 60596 Frankfurt | SEMICONDUCTOR LASER |
DE3704424A1 (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-20 | Sharp Kk | SEMICONDUCTOR LASER |
DE10026734A1 (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-13 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optically pumped surface emitting semiconductor laser device and method of manufacturing the same |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2933035A1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-03-26 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 60596 Frankfurt | SEMICONDUCTOR LASER |
DE3704424A1 (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-20 | Sharp Kk | SEMICONDUCTOR LASER |
DE10026734A1 (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-13 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optically pumped surface emitting semiconductor laser device and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1461199A (en) | 1977-01-13 |
FR2222773B1 (en) | 1979-03-23 |
FR2222773A1 (en) | 1974-10-18 |
DE2413493A1 (en) | 1974-10-03 |
CA1009738A (en) | 1977-05-03 |
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Date | Code | Title | Description |
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C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
EF | Willingness to grant licences |