DE2412601A1 - METHODS AND MEANS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF ANIMALS - Google Patents

Description

"Methods and means to improve the quality and productivity " ^ u animals "

Priorities: March 16, 1975, Great Britain, No. 12 744/73 February 28, 1974, Denmark, No. 1 087/74

The invention relates to a method and a means for improving and supplementing the nutrition of animals, in particular the Livestock to such benefits as improved growth, improved food utilization, improved animal quality and get an improved yield from the animals. The invention also relates to a new animal feed and a new feed preparation.

It is known in normal agricultural practice to add minerals to the feed for the livestock, e.g. in the form of a "mineral premix" or to be added in the form of a "mineral and vitamin premix". The usual premixes can, however not always be optimal, in terms of the composition of their macro-elements, such as calcium, magnesium, etc.

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Their mineral spectrum is also related to the trace elements not very wide.

The lack of an adequate range of minerals in the feed appears to be a serious problem. E.g. it's from the book "Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition", 5th edition, E; J. Underwood, Academic Press New York and London, known that the activity of the enzymes and consequently the metabolism and that Life depends on the presence of trace elements and it has been confirmed that there are still numerous sp'AreneV.-rr independent enzymes that are important for the metabolism but have yet to be discovered.

From the essay by Earl Peace in Scient. At the. 227 (1972), pp 52 to 60, it is known that more chemical elements than previously thought necessary for life in either macro- or micro quantities. From this article it can be concluded that the milieu of the chemical element affects the living conditions and also determines them to a certain extent. The fact that some trace elements are only required in extremely small amounts does not in any way affect their great importance.

Unfortunately, the intensive use of the cultivated land, which occurred in the industrialization period takes place, as a consequence led to the fact that the soils as a result of removal by the plants at several, elements that were originally present are exhausted. This means that the floors are very serious in several areas

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Have shortages of such elements. Furthermore, the modern fertilization technology leads to the fact that more concentrated fertilizers be applied to the cultivation areas. The fertilizers are produced more and more in concentrated and pure forms, as this can reduce handling costs, for example. One consequence of this is that it is on the broad spectrum of minerals, which previously did not attract much attention, are now lacking, so that such modern fertilizers cannot effectively compensate for the consumption of minerals caused by the plants. Therefore it must be assumed the fact that the useful plants or parts of plants that arise with intensive BcdeEbewirtsdiaftung and that are used in animal nutrition often have a lower range of minerals than the corresponding plants or plant parts that are in areas have grown in which the minerals are not yet exhausted.

Animal feed poor in minerals cannot provide the animals with all minerals and trace elements that are in are in fact essential for an optimal development of animals, · regardless of whether these elements are already considered essential or beneficial recognized or not. This deficiency cannot be completely due to the use of common mineral premixes be balanced in connection with the feed.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to enrich animal feed with trace elements. The invention solves This task.

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The invention therefore relates to means for improving the quality and performance of animals, in particular the Livestock that are characterized by a fly ash content.

Fly ash is a waste product that is rich in elements.

The terms "rich in elements" and "rich in elements" used here denote a content of a large number of elements, and in particular a broad spectrum of trace elements.

Fly ash in the sense as used in the present invention in the description and in the claims is a waste product that is generated, for example, in power plants when using anthracite in powdered form, for example with a particle size of up to 1 mm, as fuel . As a result of the combustion, these particles leave behind ash particles of a size that is in particular in the range below 100 μ . These particles, known as fly ash, are collected on electrostatic filters. Usually these particles are removed from the filters by blowing air on them and collected in closed containers. The particles are carried by air, ie they can be pumped like cement particles and they can be stored in containers or silos. Usually such dry fly ash has a bulk density of about 0.7 tons / nr, but it can be shaken together to a bulk density of about 1.1 tons / nr. The dry fly ash can be stored in closed containers or containers, for example on trucks or in ships similar to cement

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be transported. From the bins, silos or other closed ones The plug ash can be containerized either by blowing with air, as stated above, or by means of a hydraulic Transport can be taken. When the plug ash is removed by means of a hydraulic transport or in another Way has been thoroughly moistened, the product obtained, the moist plug ash, has a bulk density of about 1 to 1.8 tons / m , usually 1.4 tons / m.

Plug ash, like the fuel from which it is formed, contains a very rich spectrum of elements, including a very high number of trace elements, as will be described in more detail below. Although modified by the combustion at about 1000 ⁰ C - - the range of elements present in the fuel and thus must continue also in the plug 'ash are present, necessarily, the range of elements in

in order to
reflect and / or match the plants that made up the main primary material of the fossil fuel hundreds of millions of years ago. As an example of a plug ash that can be used according to the principles of the present invention, a fly ash can be mentioned, which comes from the combustion of German coal and shows the following weight ratios of a number of valuable elements:

Pe 7, K 4, Na 1, Ca 2, Mg 2, Ti 1, P 0.7, Pb 0.28, S 0.12, Zn 0.09, Mn 0.11, Ba 0.09, Sr 0.04, Cr 0.05, V 0.04, Zr 0.03, Rb 0.02, Cl 0.01. It can also contain copper and scandium in proportions of the same order of magnitude as the proportions of the other trace elements are present.

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The element ratios in one fly ash from another The type of coal may differ slightly from the above conditions, but it contains a wide range of valuable elements. For example, the ashes from another sample of German coal and the ashes from a sample of Polish coal show the following Weight ratio of the elements:

B 1,600 6OO

Na 7,000 5,000

Mg 7,000 8 "000

Al 50,000 40 0OC

κ 13 000 13 500

Approx. 20,000 2,500

Sc 3.4, 3.5

Ti 8,000 6,000

Cr 200 70

Mn 400 "150

Fe 50,000 15,000

Ni 200. 150

Cu 18O 50

Zn 700 20

Sr 20 3

Mon 50 2

Ag 0 0

Cd 6 - 0.5

Sn 0 0

Sb 12 0

Ba 30 125

Pt 0 0

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Pb Bi

210 O

Due to more advanced analytical methods, the limit of detection is lower, and the richness of the spectrum of elements is lower can be seen better. "Spark Source MS", Vol. J56, January / February 1973 the following typical trace element analysis of fly ash, the concentrations being given in parts per million:

element Conc. element Conc. Thorium 40 hafnium 9.0 uranium 30th lutetium 0.50 Bismuth 0.50 ytterbium 5.5 lead 60 Thulium 3.0 Thallium 0.8 Erbium 3.4 mercury <0.01 holmium 1.2 Viol fr am 6.0 Dysprosium 7.0 Tantalum 0.50 Terbium 2.3 Gadolinium 13th ■ gallium 20th Europium '3.0 zinc 260 Samarium 11 copper 200 Neodymium 55 nickel 50 Praseodymium 38 cobalt 7.0 cerium 100 iron *) Lanthanum 40 manganese 400 barium 2,400 chrome 110 Cesium 20th Vanadium 50 iodine 0.20 titanium 1 600

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- t Conc. 5 - element 2412601 element 0.20 Scandium Conc. Tellurium .4.5 Calcium 3.7 antimony - 60 potassium *> tin 0.70 chlorine 7,000 cadmium 0.50 sulfur 420 silver 36 phosphorus ■) molybdenum 60 Silicon 8,000 niobium 300 aluminum ") Zircon 100 magnesium ■) yttrium 2,000 sodium "> strontium i4o fluorine ■) Rubidium 0.70 boron 150 bromine 0.30 beryllium 230 selenium 22nd lithium 8.0 arsenic 2.4 Germanium

) big amount of

The plug ash can either per se or together with the animals other nutrients or nutritional supplements are administered

According to the invention, fly ash is used in the case of small animals, e.g. poultry, in an amount of 0.1 to 25 mg, especially 5 to 15 mg and preferably 10 to 14 mg per kg of body weight of the animal and administered per day. In the case of medium-sized animals, e.g. piglets, especially fattening piglets, the fly ash can be stored in a Amount from 0.1 to 15 mg, especially 1 to 10 mg and most preferably 2 to 6 mg per kg of body weight of the animal and per day

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administered. In the case of large animals such as cows and horses, the fly ash can be in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mg, especially 0.2 to 5 and most preferably 0.4 to 1.5 mg each kg body weight of the animal and administered per day.

If the fly ash is to be used as such, i.e. in the form in which it is available from the power stations, it can either be in dry or in moist form, preferably in dry form Form to be administered as follows:

a) directly to the animal,

b) as an admixture with a prepared feed to be administered to the animal,

c) as an additive to premixes,

d) as an addition to dry green fodder,

e) as an addition to green fodder,

f) as an admixture to concentrates or g) as an additive to silage.

To a):

If the "fly ash is to be administered directly to the animal, can they are given either in dry or in moist form, possibly in granulate form. The granulation of the fly ash can be carried out in the usual way, e.g. by adding starch and using a conventional granulating apparatus, like a pan granulator. Immediate administration from fly ash per se to animals, however, does not represent a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

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To b) :

If the fly ash is to be added to prepared and ready-to-feed feed, it can simply be added spray the feed given to the animals or it can be mixed with the feed prior to administration to the animals. A common feed can be used, e.g. a mixture of Grain fruit, roughage such as fodder beet or turnip or others Root crops, or hay, etc.

To c) ;

If the fly ash is to be administered as an additive to premixes, it can be mixed with conventional mineral salt and / or vitamin premixes are mixed either by a manufacturer of premixes or by the farmer or other end user himself, which then add the fly ash to the commercially available premix. The premix enriched with fly ash can then used as an additive to animal feed in the usual manner per se.

To d) ;

If the fly ash together with desolate in connection with dry If green fodder is administered, the fly ash can be added to the green fodder before or after the drying process and before or after the grouting of the feed can be added to pills.

To e) ;

If the fly ash is to be administered together with green fodder, it can be added before or after the cutting process.

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To f):

When the plugash is administered together with concentrates it can be mixed with the concentrates before or during their preparation for administration to the animals. she can can also be incorporated into the concentrates by the manufacturing companies. Examples of such concentrates are soybean cake, Soy flour, corn, barley, oats, fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, Sunflower seeds, oil cake, etc., either whole or in shredded form.

To g) :

If the fly ash is to be added to silage, it can either be added simultaneously with the production of the silage

or in connection with the removal of the silage from the silo. The fly ash can, together with the ensiling agent, e.g. the A.I.V. salt or sulfuric acid, or alone during the production of the silage.

If the fly ash is to be added as an admixture to the feed, it is used in amounts of, for example, 0.005 to 0.1 percent by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.06 percent by weight, incorporated into the ready-made feed for small animals, e.g. broilers *. For medium-sized animals, e.g. piglets or fattening pigs, the fly ash is preferably used in an amount from 0.0015 to 0.025 percent by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.0025 to 0.015 percent by weight, in the prepared feed incorporated, which is typically administered in a daily amount of about 2 kg per animal of a body weight of about 50 kg will. The fly ash is used for large animals, e.g. cows and horses

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preferably in an amount of 0.0003 to 0.006 percent by weight, particularly preferably incorporated in an amount of 0.0006 to 0.004 percent by weight in a feed, which is typically in a Daily amount of about 4 kg per animal with a body weight of about 600 kg is administered.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the fly ash is not administered as such, but rather in a means that the fly ash in combination with easily soluble, physiologically harmless alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts, such as potassium, magnesium and calcium salts. This creates a well-balanced, easy-to-administer agent that not only mixes fly ash with minerals contains rich spectrum, but also in terms of the content of alkali and / or alkaline earth metals and possible other ingredients represent a valuable and beneficial addition to animal nutrition, so that the agent as a complete Supplementation to both the macro and the micro elements in animal feed can be considered by being known Substitutes or supplements mineral premixes and provides additional benefits to those obtained with fly ash alone, supplies.

Such compositions preferably contain calcium and magnesium salts and ₃ potassium and sodium salts, if necessary. If necessary, other metal salts, of which it is assumed that they are advantageous in larger quantities than if they are supplied with the fly ash, can be incorporated, such as zinc, manganese, iron, copper

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and cobalt salts. If necessary, vitamins can also be incorporated.

In the agents according to the invention, the calcium is preferably in an amount from about 20 to 100, in particular from about 30 to 70 and particularly preferably of about 60 g per kg of the agent. The amount of magnesium in such agents is preferably about 5 to 20 and more preferably about 5 to 10 g each kg of the agent. Potassium is preferably in an amount of about 5 to 200, in particular from about 70 to 150 and particularly preferred from about 110 to 125 g per kg of the agent. When sodium is present, it can make up, for example, in an amount of about 1 to 30 g per kg of the agent, but it is often preferred to keep the sodium content low, e.g. around 1 to 5 g per kg of the product, or to omit the main components of the product.

In the agents according to the invention, the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts must be physiologically compatible and easily dissociable or be readily soluble and preferably substantially neutral. Gluconates, citrates, lactates, glycerophosphates, tartrates and hydrogen phosphates are examples of anions which form salts with the aforementioned metals which are suitable for incorporation into the Agents according to the invention are suitable. It is believed that it is advantageous that the calcium, magnesium and potassium salts as well as if present, the sodium salts easily dissociate, releasing the individual metal ions. Examples of such Easily dissociable salts are, disodium monohydrogen phosphate,

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Calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, calcium nitrate, potassium citrate, magnesium phosphate, Magnesium sulfate and magnesium carbonates which are physiologically harmless at the same time, which is why these salts according to the invention are particularly well suited.

In the agents according to the invention, the plug ash is in an amount from about 1 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 5 to 12 and especially preferably from 7 to 10 percent by weight, e.g. 8 percent by weight, present calculated as dry plug ash based on total weight of the means.

The agents according to the invention are preferably in powder form, being handled, administered or mixed with other putter components or additives in a simple manner, as described above for plug ash per se.

Most preferably, however, the agents according to the invention are mixed with the usual amount of feed in the same way, as a common premix is mixed with it. The "amount of the agent according to the invention that is mixed with the normal putter depends on the amount of putter consumed by the animal each day and on the body weight of the animal.

Preferably, the amount should be administered directly to the animal or the above-mentioned quantities of fly ash per kg of body weight of the animal and add each day. This means that in the case of small animals, for example poultry such as chicks, for the agents according to the invention

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With a content of 8 percent by weight plugash, the preferred daily doses are about 1 to 300, preferably about 60 to 200 and particularly preferably about 125 to 175% mean per kg of body weight of the animal, and in the case of medium-sized animals, for example pigs The preferred daily dosage is 1 to 150, preferably about 10 to 100 and particularly preferably about 20 to 80 mg of the agent per kg of body weight of the animal. In the case of "large animals, for example cows and horses, the preferred" daily dosage is 1 to 100, preferably about 2 to 50 and particularly preferably about 5 to 20 mg of the agent per kg of body weight of the animal. It is clear that when the amount of fly ash changes in the average of 8 % , the amount of agent administered must be changed accordingly.

When the agent containing fly ash is added as an admixture to feed is to be, it is, for example, in an amount of 0.1 to 1 percent by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 percent by weight, in the Ready-to-use feed for small animals, e.g. broilers, incorporated. For medium-sized animals, e.g. piglets or fattening pigs, the agent is used in an amount of 0.025 to 0.25 percent by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 0.13 percent by weight, incorporated into the finished feed, which is typically in a daily amount of about 2 kg. per animal of is administered to a body weight of approximately 50 kg. For big For animals such as cows and horses, the agent is preferably used in an amount of from 0.006 to 0.06 percent by weight, particularly preferred in an amount of 0.013 to 0.03 percent by weight, in the feed incorporated, typically in a daily amount of about 4 kg

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- ¹ ^ -, 2A126Q1

is administered per animal with a body weight of about 600 kg.

The agents according to the invention are preferably powdery Form before, because in this form you can in a simple V / eise with the feed either by hand or by means of a conventional device be mixed as they are for mixing a premix is used with the main amount of feed. However, the agents according to the invention can also be produced in the form of granules, conventional granulating agents such as wheat starch can be used.

In addition to the aforementioned advantage that the means are more complete Mineral supplements result as fly ash alone can, the agents according to the invention have the advantage that the fly ash is administered in a more precise and controlled manner in the agents due to the fact that the fly ash is diluted by other components of the agent, If fly ash is administered per se, care must be taken not to overdose to avoid possible adverse effects Avoid excessive amounts of inorganic salts and oxides from the fly ash, and continue not to dose too low is done so as not to suffer any degradation in the beneficial effect of the administration. It is of course desirable, reasonably administer accurate and reproducible dosages of fly ash. Any trouble with that precise and reproducible dosing of the required quantities of fly ash are reduced to a minimum, when using the agents according to the invention. Self-

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Understandably, this advantage in terms of administration is also obtained when the plug pocket according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention with any other physiologically acceptable carrier material and / or diluent is, but it is believed that the aforementioned inventive Agents which contain salts of alkali and / or alkaline earth metals as main components, the particular advantages indicated above deliver.

The agents according to the invention can be prepared by mixing the fly ash and the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts are optionally mixed together with small amounts of other additives. The mixture can be granulated if necessary. · The plug ash is preferably added in dry form. All weights for the fly ash See in the present invention refer to dry fly ash.

The examples illustrate the invention.

example 1

To 1 kg of feed for broilers, consisting of 2.0 # meat-and-bone meal
30.0 # soy flour
63.0 # grain
1.8 # dicalcium phosphate
0.8 j £ lime for animal feed

0.4 % of a mineral mixture with a content of 87.50 % NaCl

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5.25 % MgO

3.20 % CuSO ^ 2.00 % ZnO 1.75 %

0.30 % 1.0 % of a methionine premix mixes a content of 10 %

DL-methionine in wheat flour, and 1.0 % of a vitamin premix

60 mg of plug ash are seen either by mixing them during the factory Feed production or added on the farm. The resulting mixture is mixed thoroughly. The feed can e.g. in an amount of 35 g per 1 kg of body weight the chick and administered per day.

In another preparation, the plug ash is added to the aforementioned mineral mixture in such a way that the sodium chloride content is reduced to 78.5%. The resulting shortfall of 9 % will be replaced by Plugasche. Then the mineral mixture is mixed with the other ingredients.

Example 2

For a putter for dairy cows, consisting of 2.0 % cottonseed cake 9 * 0 ^ ground cottonseed 6.0 ^ ground rapeseed 5 * 0 % sunflower cake

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3. «Ο % soy flour 35.5 % barley 30.0 % oats

3.5 % animal fat ■

3.0 fa molasses 1.0 fo dicalcium phosphate 0.5 % sodium chloride and 0> 5 % _{vitamin D 2} mixed in soy flour,

$ 0.015 plug ash is added. Every cow becomes one every day Approx. 4 kg of this feed given together with roughage and green fodder.

B. ·

In another embodiment, the fly ash is added per se to a mineral mixture, which in an amount of about g is administered per day and per cow. The cows are e.g. with smaller amounts of turnips and larger amounts of silage, hay, green forage and other calcium-rich forage, as well as grass, fed.

The 'mineral mixture consists of

0.48 % fly ash $ 64.52 Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ -H ₂ O

15 % MgO

16 % NaCl 2.5 % FeSO ₄ 1 % MnO 0.23 % CuSO ₄

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0.1 % CoSOj,
0.1 % ZnO
0.01 % KJ

Example 3 Feed for piglets and fattening pigs

Each pig weighing around 50 kg can be given around 2 kg of a compound feed consisting of 16.0 % soy meal

2.0 % meat-and-bone meal, 67.7 % barley
12.5 % oats

$ 1.6 of a mineral mixture consisting of 45.00% dicalcium phosphate 25.00 % lime for animal feed 26.25% NaCl 1.05 % FeSO ^ 0.90 % ZnO 0.60 % MnO $ 1.125 CuSO ^ 0.06 % CoSO ^ 0.015 # KJ

0.20 % vitamins in wheat flour, and also 0.08 g fly ash per kg feed.

The fly ash can also be administered by placing it in the mini

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mineral mixture is incorporated into the compound feed before it is added. The mineral mixture then consists of: 45 * 00 % dicalcium phosphate
25.00 ■% lime for puttering purposes
27.00 fi NaCl

1.05 % PeSO ^. ■

ZnO $ 0.90

0.60 % MnO

1,125Ji CuSO ₁ ^

0.06 % CoSO ₂ ^

$ 0.015 KJ

0.50 % plug ash

The plug ash must be thoroughly mixed with the other mineral components are mixed in the mixture. Then the mixture obtained must be delivered to the putter either in the manufacturing plant or in the agricultural holding in an amount of 1.6 ^, related on the putter.

Example 4

A characteristic agent of the present invention consists of the following elements. About 75 % of the total weight of the agent consists of organic metal salts and the remainder of inorganic salts, e.g. sulfates, silicates and oxides:

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element - 2 ₂ -
Quantity (g per kg
of the means) element 2412601
Quantity (g per kg
of the means) Li 0.0084 Co 0.12 Be 0.0016 Ni 0.01 B. 0.046 Cu 0.19 C. 220 Zn .0.55 P. 0.03 Ga 0.004 N / A 4th Ge 0.0005 Mg 6.6 As 0.0044 Al 8th Se 0.00006 Si 2 Br 0.00014 P. 1.6. Rb 0.028 S. 1.2 Sr 0.4 Cl 0.08 Y 0.02 κ. 102 Zr 0.012 Approx 50 Nb 0.012 Sc 0.0007 Mon 0.0072 Ti 0.32 Ag 0.0001 V 0.01 CD 0.0001 Cr 0.022 Sn 0.012 Mn 0.6 Sb 0.0009 Pe 3.8 Te 0.00004 J 0.00004 P 0.0007 Cs 0.004 Tm - 0.0006 Ba 0.48 Yb 0.001 La 0.008 Lu 0.0001 Ce 0.02 Hf 0.002 Pr 0.007 Ta 0.0001

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0.01 - 23 - W. 2412601 Nd 0.0006 Pb 0.0012 Eu 0.0026 Th 0.012 Gd 1 U 0.008 0.006

Example 5 - ·· - - ■

About 30 g of disodium monohydrogen phosphate hydrate, about 360 g Calcium gluconate monohydrate, about 195 potassium citrate monohydrate, about 15 g of magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and about 115 S dry fly ash from Polish coal (anthracite) are mixed and pulverized to obtain a uniform powder «

If necessary, the powder can be granulated, e.g. with a mixture of ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the mixture is dried in a fluidized bed.

Example 6

About 360 g of calcium gluconate monohydrate, about 430 g of potassium gluconate, about 40 g of magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and about 70 g of fly ash made from German charcoal (anthracite) are mixed and pulverized to obtain a uniform powder.

Example 7

About 360 g of calcium gluconate monohydrate, about 430 g of potassium gluconate, about 31 g magnesium sulfate hydrate (kieserite) and about 71 g fly ash made from German charcoal (anthracite) are mixed and pulverized to obtain a uniform powder.

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Example 8

About 170 g calcium glycerophosphate, about 455% potassium glycerophosphate, about 40 g of magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and about 57 g of German coal fly ash are mixed and pulverized to form a uniform powder.

Example 9

Instead of adding the fly ash per se to the broiler feed, As described in Example 1, the fly ash is in the form of an agent according to Example 6 in such Manner added that 8 mg of fly ash are replaced by 100 mg of the agent according to example 6, i.e. that to 1 kg of feed of the example IA 1.5 g of the agent according to Example 6 are given.

In the embodiment of the example IB, according to which the fly ash is added to the mineral mixture before the total

fodder has been produced, the fly ash is produced by the agent of Example 6 in a ratio of 8 mg of fly ash: 100 mg of the agent of Example 6 replaced.

In another embodiment that is mentioned in Example 1 Mineral mix replaced by the agent of Example 6. For every broiler weighing about 1 kg, one Amount of 150 mg of the agent of Example 6 administered daily,

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The embodiments under A., B. or C. are repeated, however using the agent according to Example 7

The execution forms as under A., B. or C. are repeated, however, using the mean of the example

Example A.

Dairy cows are administered 6 g of the agent of Example 6 per cow of about 600 kg body weight, which has been incorporated into the feed according to Example 2A with the difference that 0.015 % of plug ash is replaced by 0.15 % of the agent of the example.

The agent of Example 6 is given to the cows in a daily dose of .6 g per cow either alone or together with ordinary Putter administered.

The statements under A. and B. are repeated, but using the agent according to the example

The statements under A. and B. are repeated, but under Using the mean of the example

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Example 11

Stat.t the fly ash per se. With the feed. for piglets or fattening pigs admit as it has been described in example 3 ", the fly ash is added in the form of the agent described in Example 6 in such a way that each pig with a weight about 2.0 g of the agent are administered daily from about 50 kg, i.e., add the agent to the feed in an amount of $ 0.1 is admitted. -

In the embodiment of Example 3B, the fly ash is added to the mineral mixture before the total feed has been produced, the fly ash is replaced by the composition of Example 7, i.e. the mixture of minerals exists the end:

6.15 % mean of Example 6
20.00 % dicalcium phosphate
25.00 % lime for animal feed
45.10 % NaCl

1.05 # FeSO ₁ ^

0.90 % ZnO

0.60 # MnO

1.125 # CuSO ₂ ^

0.06 % CoSO ^

0.015 # KJ

The remedy must be thoroughly mixed with the other mineral ingredients are mixed in the mixture. The resulting mixture

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is then added to the putter in an amount of 1.6% either in the production facility or on the farm.

In another embodiment, the agent of Example 6 is used in an amount of 2.0 g per animal of about 50 kg body weight and Sprayed directly onto the prepared feed each day.

It is clear that smaller pigs need smaller amounts of plug ash ' or agents containing fly ash must be administered. E.g. pigs weighing 25 kg receive 1.0 g per day of the example 6 described means or 0.08 g fly ash per se.,

The embodiments under A., B. or C. are repeated, each. but using the means of Example 7

The embodiments under A., B. or C. are repeated, however using the agent of Example 8.

Example 12

Minks are given 125 mg of the agent from Example 6 per animal per day administered.

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The agent containing plug ash or fly ash per se can be used Pets are administered, in particular cattle, dairy cows, sheep, goats, pigs, fattening pigs and piglets, poultry, Domestic animals, especially dogs and cats, horses, e.g. racehorses, fur animals, fish and also animals in zoos Gardens and zoos. Me administration of fly ash in the manner described above, preferably in the form of the inventive Means provide advantages such as: Improvement of the milk yield in dairy cows, the quality of the milk and the milk produced from it Products, increasing the speed of growth of all animals, in particular of poultry and piglets, improving the characteristics of racehorses to make them more enduring and faster and make them jump better, as well as improving the shine, the tightness and the strength of the skins of fur animals, in particular Mink, improving the quality and taste of the meat of slaughtered cattle, and especially improving the Quality of animals and their productivity, including yours Profitability.

To demonstrate the benefits of feed enhanced with fly ash, Experiments have been carried out to determine the rate of growth in chicks and the milk yield of cows.

A. chick

day old chicks are divided into two groups. Each group consists of 2,400 animals. The experimental group will be daily 150 mg of an agent corresponding to that of Example 5 per kg of body weight administered to the animal. The laboratory animals are precisely

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as well as the control group, automatic chick feed ad libitum offered. The weight development of the animals is from the can be seen in the table below. The weight of the animals is determined after 1, 2 and 3 weeks.

Tabel

Control group Experimental group no addition Added 150 mg of one
Means with a salary
of 16 % fly ash per kg
Body weight and day Average weight ;, g Average weight, g 1 week 117.5 125 2 weeks 185 215 3 week 225 525

B. Dairy cows

The test is carried out on cows to determine whether dairy cows' productivity can be maintained when the Protein content in the putter is reduced. The test is carried out with 10 cows, 3 of which calved because of the duration of the test, while the rest of the cows remained pregnant. The cows are given 3.5 ^ S concentrates instead of the normal 7.0 kg concentrates given together with other normal feed. During the The duration of the experiment with only half the usual amount of the concentrates is equivalent to 6 g of an agent per day for the cows that of Example 5 administered. It was established that the Productivity in dairy cows is maintained even if the supply of concentrates is halved.

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It is within the scope of the present invention, the fly ash that has been described in the above description and in the examples, by an equivalent amount of other substances that that contain minerals in abundance, e.g. to replace volcanic ash or volcanic lava in milled iron form.

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Claims (22)

Pat e η ta η s ρ rü che (T) Means for improving quality and efficiency marked by animals, especially livestock due to a content of fly ash. 2. Means according to claim 1, characterized by a content from 1 "to 20 percent by weight of plug ash and an additional content of easily soluble, physiologically harmless alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts. 3. Means according to claim 2, characterized by dur.ch a salary at 5 to 12 percent by weight, preferably 7 to 10 percent by weight Plug ash, based on the total weight of the remedy. 4. Means according to claims 2 or 3> characterized by a content of calcium, magnesium and potassium salts, possibly also Sodium salts. 5. Composition according to claim 4, characterized in that it is CaI-. cium in an amount of 20 to 100, especially about 30 to 70 g, Magnesium in an amount of about 3 to 20, preferably 5 to 10 g, potassium in an amount of 50 to 200, preferably about 70 up to 100, particularly preferably about 110 to 125 g and optionally sodium in an amount of about 1 to 30, preferably about 1 to 5 g * each based on 1 kg of the agent. 6. Processes to improve quality and performance 409839/0777 ability of animals, especially livestock _s characterized in that plugash is administered orally to the animals. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the animals are given a daily amount of about 0.1 to 25 mg, in particular 2 to 20 mg, preferably 5 to 15 mg and particularly preferred
10 to 14 mg fly ash per kg body weight administered. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the animals daily an amount of about 0.1 to 15 mg, preferably 1 to 10 and particularly preferably 2 to 6 mg of fly ash each kg body weight of the animal administered. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the animals daily an amount of about 0.1 to 10 mg, preferably 0.2 to 5 mg and particularly preferably 0.4 to 1.5 mg fly ash administered per kg body weight of the animal. 10. The method according to one or more of claims 6 to 9,
characterized in that the fly ash is administered together with the feed for the animals. 11. The method according to one or more of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the fly ash is incorporated into the feed. 12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that that the fly ash is incorporated into a premix. 409839/0777 13 «The method according to one or more of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that an agent is used in which the Plug ash is a component of the agent, which consists of easily soluble, physiologically harmless alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts consists. 14. The method according to claim IJ, characterized in that an agent is used which contains about 1 to 20 %, advantageously 5 to 12 %, preferably 7 to Io fo and particularly preferably about 8 percent by weight of plug ash. 15. Use of the agents containing plug ash according to claim 1 in animal feed. 16. Use according to claim 15, characterized by a plugash content from about 0.005 to 0.1, preferably 0.01 to 0.0β percent by weight in the animal feed. 17. Use according to claim 15, characterized by a plug ash content from about 0.0015 to 0.025 *, preferably 0.0025 to 0.015 percent by weight in the animal feed. 18. Use according to claim I5, characterized by a Plugash content of about 0.0003 to 0 * 006, preferably 0.0006 up to 0.004 percent by weight in animal feed. 19. Use of the agent containing plug ash according to claim 2 in animal feed. 409839/0 777 20. Use according to claim 19 »characterized by a content from 0.1 to 1, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 percent by weight dos Means. 21. Use according to claim 19 , characterized.by a content of 0.025 to 0.25, preferably 0.05 to 0.13 percent by weight of the agent. 22. Use according to claim 19 * characterized by a content from 0.006 to 0.06, preferably 0.013 to 0.03 percent by weight of the composition. 409839/0777