DE2408778C2 - Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste water - Google Patents
Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste waterInfo
- Publication number
- DE2408778C2 DE2408778C2 DE2408778A DE2408778A DE2408778C2 DE 2408778 C2 DE2408778 C2 DE 2408778C2 DE 2408778 A DE2408778 A DE 2408778A DE 2408778 A DE2408778 A DE 2408778A DE 2408778 C2 DE2408778 C2 DE 2408778C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- wastewater
- degradation
- pseudohalides
- contained
- cyanide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IZLAVFWQHMDDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(1+);cyanide Chemical compound [Au+].N#[C-] IZLAVFWQHMDDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine chlorite Inorganic materials ClOCl=O JFBJUMZWZDHTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Description
is Die fortschreitende Zivilisation und Industrialisierung ist mit einem ständigen Anwachsen des Wasserbedarfs" verbunden, der in zunehmendem Maße aus gereinigten Abwässern gedeckt wird. Werden häusliche oder industrielle Abwasser Flüssen oder dem Meer zugeführt, so müssen sie entsprechend den gesetzlichem Bestimmungen von den in ihnen enthaltenen, häufig giftigen Schmutzstoffen soweit befreit werden, daß diese keine Gefahr mehr für die Umwelt darstellen.is advancing civilization and industrialization is accompanied by a constant increase in the demand for water " connected, which is increasingly covered by treated wastewater. Will be domestic or industrial wastewater supplied to rivers or the sea, they must comply with the statutory provisions are freed from the often toxic pollutants contained in them to such an extent that they do not contain any Pose more of a threat to the environment.
Die gebräuchlichen Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abwässern können in mechanische, chemische und biologische Verfahren eingeteilt werden.The most common methods of purifying wastewater can be mechanical, chemical and biological Procedures are classified.
Bei den chemischen Reinigungsverfahren gibt man zu den Abwässern möglichst billige Chemikalien, die mit den Verunreinigungen unschädliche Stoffe bilden, sie ausflocken oder komplex gebunden ausfällen. So wird beispielsweise bei der Cyanidentgiftung galvanotechnischer Abwässer das Cyanidion durch Zusatz von Eisensalzen in einen schwerlöslichen Kompiex überführt, der ausfälltIn chemical cleaning processes, chemicals that are as cheap as possible are added to the wastewater The impurities form harmless substances, they flocculate or precipitate in complex bound form. So will For example, in the cyanide detoxification of electroplating wastewater, the cyanide ion by adding iron salts converted into a difficult to dissolve Kompiex, which fails
Wenngleich nach den vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahren die Schmutzstoffe aus den Abwässern weitgehend
entfernt werden können, so bleibt doch das Problem der Beseitigung der abgetrennten Schmutzstoffe, die
vorwiegend in Form wäßriger Schlämme anfallen.
Für die Tertiärbehandlung von Abwässern mit geeigneten Oxydationsmitteln sind Apparaturen bekannt, die
mit Ultraviolettlichtquellen, Einlassen für Gase, Katalysatoren und Fotosensibilatoren in mehreren Zellen ausgerüstet
sind. Die Behandlung mit Chlor oder Hypochlorit als Oxydationsmittel, Alkali zur Kontrolle des pH-Wertes
etc. erfolgt in üblicherweise (DE-OS 23 00 273). Cyanidhaltige Abwasser und deren spezielle Probleme
verden nicht behandelt. Das gleiche gilt für die FR-PS 21 58 714 derzufolge Trinkwasser zur Entfernung von
Phenolen, Kohlenwasserstoffen, oberflächenaktiven Substanzen oder Pflanzenschutzmitteln unter den für die
Sterilisation von Wasser üblichen Bedingungen mit Ultraviolett bestrahlt werden soll. Ein Hinweis, ob und unter
welchen Bedingungen es möglich sein könnte, Cyanide und andere Pseudohalogenide zu völlig unschädlichen
Verbindungen abzubauen, wird nicht gegeben.Although the pollutants can largely be removed from the waste water by the methods described above, the problem of removing the separated pollutants, which predominantly occur in the form of aqueous sludge, remains.
For the tertiary treatment of waste water with suitable oxidizing agents, apparatuses are known which are equipped with ultraviolet light sources, inlets for gases, catalysts and photosensitizers in several cells. Treatment with chlorine or hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent, alkali to control the pH value, etc. is usually carried out (DE-OS 23 00 273). Wastewater containing cyanide and its special problems are not dealt with. The same applies to FR-PS 21 58 714, according to which drinking water should be irradiated with ultraviolet to remove phenols, hydrocarbons, surface-active substances or pesticides under the conditions customary for the sterilization of water. There is no indication as to whether and under what conditions it might be possible to break down cyanides and other pseudohalides into completely harmless compounds.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfach durchzuführendes Verfahren zur Reinigung von pseudohalogenid-, insbesondere cyanidhaltigen Abwässern zu schaffen, bei dem diese meist hochgiftigen Verbindungen dadurch entfernt werden, daß sie zu völlig unschädlichen oder leicht entfernbaren Substanzen abgebaut werden.The invention is based on the object of a method for cleaning of To create pseudohalide, especially cyanide-containing wastewater, in which these mostly highly toxic compounds are removed by turning them into completely harmless or easily removable substances be dismantled.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Abbau von in Abwässern enthaltenen Pseudohalogeniden, insbesondere Cyaniden, Cyanaten, Thiocyanaten und deren Komplexverbindungen, welches sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß man die Verbindungen dadurch bis zu Kohlendioxid und Ammoniak abbaut, daß man die Abwässer mit Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen durch mechanische Vorgänge in innigen Kontakt bringt und gleichzeitig der Einwirkung von Licht aussetzt.The invention relates to a process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in wastewater, in particular cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates and their complex compounds, which are characterized by that the compounds are broken down to carbon dioxide and ammonia by the fact that the waste water brings into intimate contact with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases through mechanical processes and at the same time exposed to the action of light.
Wenn silbercyanid- oder goldcyanidhaltige Abwässer nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelt werden, wird das in elementarer Form anfallende Silber oder Gold einfach abfiltriert.When wastewater containing silver cyanide or gold cyanide is treated by the process according to the invention the silver or gold that accumulates in elemental form is simply filtered off.
Die Anwendbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist von dem physikalischen Zustand csr abzubauenden Stoffe weitgehend unabhängig, d. h. sie können gelöst, emulgiert oder suspendiert vorliegen. Sie müssen also lediglich in irgendeiner Form in den Abwässern dispergiert sein. Der Dispersionsgrad kann für die Schnelligkeit der Abbaureaktion von Bedeutung sein, weshalb in gewissen Fällen zweck;, feinerer Verteilung der Pseudohalogenide die Verwendung eines der gebräuchlichen Detergentien, wie z. B. eines Netzmittels oder eines Emulgators, empfehlenswert ist. Dabei ist allerdings zu berücksichtigen, daß das Detergens, sofern es organischer Natur ist, ebenfalls der Abbaureaktion unterliegt und deswegen u. U. erneuert werden muß. Zur Erzielung einer guten Verteilung können auch indifferente anorganische Stoffe dienen, wie z. B. feinstgemahlenes Talkum, Kieselsäure, Attaclay, die nach dem Abbau der Pseudohalogenide zurückbleiben und somit wieder verwendet werden können.The applicability of the method according to the invention is to be reduced from the physical state csr Substances largely independent, d. H. they can be dissolved, emulsified or suspended. So you have to only be dispersed in the wastewater in some form. The degree of dispersion can affect the speed the degradation reaction may be of importance, which is why it is useful in certain cases; finer distribution of the pseudohalides the use of one of the common detergents, such as. B. a wetting agent or an emulsifier, is recommended. However, it must be taken into account that the detergent, provided it is organic in nature is also subject to the degradation reaction and may therefore have to be renewed. To achieve good Distribution can also serve indifferent inorganic substances, such as. B. finely ground talc, silica, Attaclay, which remain after the breakdown of the pseudohalides and are therefore reused can.
Eine genaue Kenntnis der chemischen Natur und der Eigenschaften der in d?n Abwässern gelösten oder dispergierten Pseudohalogenide oder ihrer Komplexverbindungen ist nicht nötig, weil diese Verbindungen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sämtlichst abgebaut werden.A precise knowledge of the chemical nature and properties of those dissolved or in thin wastewater dispersed pseudohalides or their complex compounds is not necessary because these compounds are after the process according to the invention are all degraded.
Werden die Abwasser erfindungsgemäß unter Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht der Einwirkung von Sauerstoff oder
sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen ausgesetzt, so werden die in ihnen dispergierten Verbindungen einer Photooxydation
unterworfen. Der Kohlenstoffbestandteil wird in Kohlendioxid überführt, das nach Sättigung des wäßrigen
Mediums entweicht. Der Stickstoff wird in Abhängigkeit von seiner Bindungsform als Ammoniak- oder Nitratstickstoff
frei. Der Stickstoff der genannten Pseudohalogenide wird beispielsweise in Ammoniak überführt.
Schwefel enthaltende Pseudohalogenide setzen in der Regel Schwefeloxide frei.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß auch als stabil eingestufteIf, according to the invention, the wastewater is exposed to the action of oxygen or oxygen-containing gases under irradiation with UV light, the compounds dispersed in them are subjected to photooxidation. The carbon component is converted into carbon dioxide, which escapes when the aqueous medium is saturated. The nitrogen is released as ammonia or nitrate nitrogen, depending on its bond form. The nitrogen of the pseudohalides mentioned is converted into ammonia, for example. Sulfur-containing pseudohalides usually release sulfur oxides.
A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is also classified as stable
Cyano-Komplexe zerstört und unschädlich gemacht werden können, wobei gleichzeitig das im Komplex als Zentralatom enthaltene Metall, wenn es ein Edelmetall ist, in elementarer Form und, wenn es ein unedles Metall ist, als Oxid oder Hydroxid ausfällt Zu solchen Komplexen zählt beispielsweise der Hexacyanoferratkompiex des Berliner Blaus. Diese Tatsache läßt sich auch mit bedeutendem Vorteil bei der Gewinnung von Gold und Silber bei der Cyanidlaugerei verwerten. Gold und Silber scheiden sich in flockiger, elementarer Form aus und s können abfiltriert werden.Cyano complexes can be destroyed and rendered harmless, while at the same time that in the complex as Metal contained in the central atom, if it is a noble metal, in elemental form and if it is a base metal is, precipitates as oxide or hydroxide. Such complexes include, for example, the hexacyanoferrate complex of the Berlin blue. This fact can also be used with significant advantage in the extraction of gold and Recycle silver in cyanide leaching. Gold and silver precipitate in a flaky, elemental form and s can be filtered off.
Der Sauerstoff kann in reiner Form oder zweckmäßigerweise als Luftsauerstoff zugeführt werden.The oxygen can be supplied in pure form or, expediently, as atmospheric oxygen.
Für die Bestrahlung kann Licht der Wellenlänge zwischen 200 bis 2000 μπι gewählt werden, so das Licht einer Leuchtröhre, insbesondere das einer Hg-Lampe oder im einfachsten Falle auch SonnenlichtFor the irradiation, light of the wavelength between 200 and 2000 μπι can be selected, so the light one Fluorescent tube, especially that of a mercury lamp or, in the simplest case, sunlight
Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Reaktion in der Weise durchgeführt, daß das Reaktionsgemisch in möglichst großer Oberfläche der Bestrahlung ausgesetzt wird. Am besten erscheint hier ein Umpumpen des zu reinigenden Abwassers über einen offenen Rieselturm mit großer, dem Licht ausgesetzter Oberfläche.The reaction is expediently carried out in such a way that the reaction mixture as possible large surface area is exposed to radiation. The best way to do this seems to be to recirculate what is to be cleaned Sewage over an open trickle tower with a large surface exposed to light.
Die Reaktion kann in einem sehr weiten Temperaturbereich durchgeführt werden, da sie jedoch bei höheren Temperaturen mit größerer Geschwindigkeit läuft, ist es angebracht, bei erhöhter Temperatur zu arbeiten. Als praktisch günstig hat sich ein Temperaturbereich zwischen 20 und 1000C, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 und 900C, i: erwiesen. In einzelnen Fällen läßt sich die Reaktion auch unter Druck unter Verwendung von Wasserdampf durchführen, wobei dann auch noch höhere Temperaturen anwendbar sind.The reaction can be carried out over a very wide range of temperatures, but since it runs at greater speed at higher temperatures, it is advisable to work at an elevated temperature. A temperature range between 20 and 100 ° C., preferably between 40 and 90 ° C., has proven to be practically favorable. In individual cases, the reaction can also be carried out under pressure using steam, in which case even higher temperatures can also be used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert Für die Praxis ist es nicht nötig, daß der verwendete Sauerstoff (Luftsauerstoff) kohlendioxidfrei ist. In den Beispielen wurde jedoch ein kohtendioxidfreier Luftstrom verwendet, um auf diese Weise den Abbau qualitativ und quantitativ zu belegen. Da bei dem Abbau der verschiedenen Pseudohaiogenide unter den gewählten Bedingungen mit Sicherheit mehrere verschiedene Reaktionen nebeneinander und nacheinander ablaufen, ist ein direkter Vergleich der Abbaugeschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Substanzen untereinander aufgrund einer Angabe der Halbwertzeit nicht sinnvoll. Es wurden deshalb bei der tabellarischen Zusammenstellung der Ergebnisse für die verschiedenen Substanzen die Werte für die Zeiten gewählt, die sich für einen Abbau von 25%, 50% und 75% aus den für die einzelnen Substanzen erhaltenen Abbaukurven entnehmen lassen (siehe Tabelle I).The process according to the invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following examples it is not necessary that the oxygen (atmospheric oxygen) used is carbon dioxide-free. In the examples, however, a carbon dioxide-free air stream is used to increase the quality and quantity of the degradation in this way occupy. As with the degradation of the various pseudohaiogenides under the selected conditions with Safety, several different reactions run side by side and one after the other is a direct comparison the rate of degradation of the individual substances among one another based on an indication of the half-life not useful. Therefore, in the tabular compilation of the results for the different substances, the values for the times are chosen that result in a degradation of 25%, 50% and 75% can be seen from the degradation curves obtained for the individual substances (see Table I).
*) Der Schwefel wurde dabei zu Sulfit oxydiert und als SO2 in die Vorlage übergetrieben.*) The sulfur was oxidized to sulfite and driven into the receiver as SO2.
11
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2408778A DE2408778C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste water |
| DE2462994A DE2462994C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for the degradation of polymeric plastics contained in sewage or sludge |
| DE2462995A DE2462995C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for cleaning polluted groundwater and drinking water |
| FR7427804A FR2240757B1 (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-09 | |
| CH1100174A CH591891A5 (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-12 | |
| US05/496,674 US3977952A (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-12 | Process for decomposing carbon-containing compounds |
| IT5258674A IT1018953B (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-13 | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR THE DEGRADATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS |
| NL7410972A NL7410972A (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-15 | METHOD AND ESTABLISHMENT FOR BREAKING DOWN CARBON CONNECTIONS. |
| JP49094087A JPS5831240B2 (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-15 | How to recover gold and/or silver |
| CA207,224A CA1026706A (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-16 | Process and apparatus for decomposing carbon-containing compounds |
| GB3625174A GB1482600A (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-16 | Process for the oxidative degradation of unwanted carbon-containing substances |
| SE7410493A SE403571B (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-08-16 | PROCEDURE FOR DECOMPOSITION OF CARBONIC ASSOCIATIONS |
| AT14677A AT357484B (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1977-01-13 | METHOD FOR DEGRADING CYANIDES AND THEIR COMPLEX COMPOUNDS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2408778A DE2408778C2 (en) | 1974-02-23 | 1974-02-23 | Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2408778A1 DE2408778A1 (en) | 1975-09-04 |
| DE2408778C2 true DE2408778C2 (en) | 1984-05-24 |
Family
ID=5908269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2408778A Expired DE2408778C2 (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1974-02-23 | Process for the degradation of pseudohalides contained in waste water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2408778C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4016514C3 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1996-03-21 | Ultra Systems Gmbh Uv Oxidatio | Process for the decomposition of organic substances |
| DE4414405C2 (en) * | 1994-04-26 | 1997-01-23 | Noell Gmbh | Process for the decontamination of kettle ash and fly dusts contaminated with halogenated organic compounds |
| DE10225692A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-24 | Zimmer Ag | Process for the production of caprolactam from waste containing polyamide |
| DE10333538B4 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2008-04-10 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Process for the treatment of polyamide-containing waste with the recycling of the Depolymerisationsrückstandes |
| DE10333539A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-24 | Zimmer Ag | Process for the purification of caprolactam from waste containing polyamide by means of UV irradiation |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2158714A5 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-06-15 | Elf Entr Rech Activit | Destroying organic trace pollutants (esp phenols) in water - - by uv irradiation |
| DE2300273C3 (en) * | 1972-01-07 | 1982-05-06 | Toray Industries, Inc., Tokyo | Device for wastewater treatment |
-
1974
- 1974-02-23 DE DE2408778A patent/DE2408778C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2408778A1 (en) | 1975-09-04 |
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