DE2403563A1 - PACKAGING PROCEDURE FOR CONTAINERS, RELATED PACKAGING AND DEVICE FOR CLOSING THIS PACKAGING - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS PROF. DR. DR. J. REITSTÖTTER DR.-ING. WOLFRAM BUNTE * \ 1 p | OCCO DR. WERNER KINZEBACH Z M U 0 0 D O D-aOOO MUNICH 4O. BAUERSTRASSE 22 FERNRUF (O89) 37 65 Θ3 TELEX B21O2O8 ISAR O, POSTAL ADDRESS: D-βΟΟΟ MÜNCHEN 43, POSTBOX 7βΟ j

AUXILIARY USAGE PATTERN

Packaging method for containers, appropriate packaging
and device for closing this package

Munich, January 25th. 1974 I.

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L · OREAL
14, rue Royale, Paris 8, France '

It is known that numerous products are in containers with
fairly small content to be packaged, with the buyer
then buys limited quantities at a moderate price. These
Containers, such as bottles or flacons
often grouped into units, each of which is several, for transport and supply to retailers
Containers, for example in the case of beer bottles with a small content, of 3 or 6 pieces within one and | in the same packaging, or in the case of shampoo bottles. The packaging that contains the entirety of the loading! holding containers together generally consist of I.

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a die-cut sheet of cardboard, the two ends of the sheet being held together in any suitable manner, this sheet delimiting a volume in which the containers to be packaged are arranged in a unit are. Packaging of the type described above is usually referred to as a "pack".

One of the problems that arises in the production of such packaging is, on the one hand, to have a good To ensure the cohesion of the two ends of the sheet of cardboard and, on the other hand, to avoid the containers that are in the Inside one and the same pack, slip out or be damaged by hitting one another. The present invention relates to a packaging method which meets the two requirements mentioned above is fair and also allows the container to be arranged inside the pack so that a semi-automatic Closing the pack is ensured by means of a suitable device. The present invention also relates to a package consisting of a sheet that surrounds several containers, the two ends of the sheet through the Cooperation of at least one tongue are held together with at least one edge recess.

The present invention also relates to a packaging method by which a plurality of containers can be placed in a single unit can summarize whose neck is narrower than the container body, the container inside an arch flexible but strong material, the two ends of which are held together, are arranged, which is characterized is that you cut near the one end edge of the packaging sheet i at least one recess that you close the other end edge of the packaging sheet cuts a tongue from the sheet material, which with the sheet j

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connected by a non-cut zone that the wrapping sheet can be wrapped around all of the items to be packed Fold container so that the two edge zones of this sheet are superimposed, each tongue in the substantially opposite a recess on the other edge that you can put each tongue in its corresponding Can engage recess, the weight of the packed container has such an effect that the two edge zones want to move away from each other, but held by the interaction of the tongues with the corresponding recesses will.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention The method places the packaging sheet between its central zone, that of the two ends at which the tongues and the corresponding recesses are located at the same distance, on the one hand and the edge zone on the other to which the recesses mentioned are attached, a first Row of openings, this first row of openings having a number of openings equal to the number of the sheet to be packaged together container, these openings are sufficiently wide that the container can partially pass when the packaging sheet is folded around these containers. The packaging sheet also shows between its central zone on the one hand, that of the edge zones, the tongues and the corresponding recesses have, is equidistant, and the edge zone on the other hand, to which the tongues are attached, a second row of openings, this second row of openings as many openings as the first row wherein each opening of the second row is opposed to an opening of the first row when the packaging sheet folded around the container to be packaged. The openings of the second row have a width that of the openings substantially the same as the first row, the openings

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of the first row are related to the recesses corresponding to the tongues, so that each container that is in the : The packaging sheet is packed, through an opening in the first row and through the opening in the second row that follows it facing the folding, and that of the adjacent container

is separated by the parting strips which are retained on the one hand between the openings of the first row and on the other hand between the openings of the second row, passes through. In the middle zone of the packaging sheet there are cutouts ^: each between an opening of the first row and one

Opening of the second row attached, the one in the ver; packaging sheet packed container have a neck, the

Cross-section is somewhat smaller than the surface of the mentioned sections. The tongues are shaped by a semicircle Section formed and the corresponding recesses also have the shape of a semicircle. At the time , to which the packaging sheet is folded, bring the edge zone, which has the recesses, between the Edge zone which has the tongues on the one hand and the containers arranged in the packaging sheet on the other hand.

When carrying out the method according to the invention is it is economical to use a cardboard sheet that is subjected to a punching process with which one can simultaneously can receive all tongues, all openings and all cutouts provided in the arch. One can advantageously-

. v / also folding zones of the packaging sheet, between the cutouts of the central zone on the one hand and the openings the first and second rows on the other hand, at the bottom

^: the openings of the second row and finally close

^: the lower end of the openings of the first row, these latter two folds delimiting the edge zones

: which are the tongues or the corresponding recesses

^: located, provide.

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The present invention also relates to a new packaging sheet with which the packaging method described above can be carried out, this sheet being characterized in that it firstly has at one edge zone at least one tongue made of the material of the sheet
is cut out, the fastening zone of the tongue
is provided on the corresponding end side of the arch,
and second, recesses in the edge zone of the other end
in which the said tongues can engage, \ wherein the tongues and the corresponding recesses are arranged essentially in a single strip perpendicular to the intended folding direction of the packaging sheet
are. i

According to a preferred embodiment, the packaging sheet has between its central zone, that of the edge zones; to which the tongues and the corresponding recesses are attached, is equidistant, on the one hand and the; Edge zone 'where the aforementioned recesses are made; on the other hand, a first row of openings, where j these openings are numbered the number of in the packaging; sheet to be packed container corresponds, and which, preferably, i are all identical. The openings in the first row are hanging
each with a recess corresponding to a tongue. _: Between the central zone of the packaging sheet, as described above j, on the one hand and the edge zone which has the tongues i, on the other hand, a second row of openings j is made, these openings of the second row numerically; moderately the openings of the first row are the same, and where I an opening of the first row and an opening of the second row in the same strip perpendicular to the intended general folding direction of the packaging sheet! are arranged. A cutout in the central zone of the encryption [package sheet between each aperture of the first row and;

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: the opening of the second row that is in the same strip perpendicular to the general folding direction of the packaging sheet is provided. First of all, pre-folds between the recesses of the central zone and the openings of the first and second rows and second between the openings of the second row and the edge zone carrying the tongues and third between the openings of the first Row and the edge zone, which has the recesses corresponding to the tongues, provided. The openings of the first and the second row have a general substantially; rectangular shape and the cutouts in the central zone, have a substantially circular shape, the tongues. are cut out in a semicircle, as are these > Tongues corresponding recesses.

The present invention also relates to a packaging • object that combines several containers, which is characterized in that the container by means of a packaging sheet as described above, "which sheet surrounds these containers.

If the packaging sheet has openings in the first and / or the second row, you can use the inventive Packaging separate the various containers from each other, each container having part of its side surface passes through the openings of the first and / or the second row and from the adjacent container through the Strip is separated between two adjacent openings of the first row and two adjacent openings the second row are retained. When the containers have necks whose cross-section is less than the cross-section of the container body, each neck becomes one. of the cutouts in the middle zone of the packaging sheet. The two edge zones on which the tongues and

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the corresponding recesses are made, are placed one on top of the other in the closed position of the packaging

and hold the base of the packaged container, the edge zone having the recesses being preferred ! is inserted between the container and the edge zone that has the tongues.

• The present invention also relates to a closure method for the packaging described above, which

J is characterized in that the necks of the container

into the cut-outs in the middle zone of the packaging sheet j so that the edge zone ^! applies, which has the recesses corresponding to the tongues that you then click on the aforementioned. Edge zone the second edge zone on which the tongues are placed. are seen, this second edge zone with at least one suitable device at a certain distance from ■ the first edge zone is in contact that one pushes the two edge zones in the closing direction of the packaging sheet around the container around and that one against the first edge zone on the second edge zone attached tongues so that these tongues engage in the corresponding recesses opposite them and that the pressure exerted on the packaging sheet is canceled.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first edge zone is held by the fact that the strips, the remain between two recesses or on the outer edge of the last recess, against the bottom of the container : supports.

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The present invention finally relates to a new device with which one can close the above-described Packaging can be carried out if the containers to be packaged have a neck that the cutouts passes through the central zone of the packaging sheet, which is characterized in that it has a holder on the one hand, on which the central zone of a packaging sheet cut out according to the invention rests, the holder Has bores with substantially parallel and coplanar axes, with a bore for each recess this central zone is located so that the necks of the containers penetrate into these recesses and these bores can, the containers are then upside down that they are on the other hand on the aforementioned Holder articulated about an axis running perpendicular to the axes of the bores in the base has a first side element which, in addition to the edge zone of the packaging sheet, in which the corresponding tongues Recesses are attached, is arranged, this first side element at its upper part firstly in the essentially has lamellae perpendicular to the side element, one lamella in each case at right angles to each strip of the packaging sheet delimiting a recess intended to cooperate with a tongue is arranged, and secondly Has holding fingers which have a part which is higher than the plane of the aforesaid lamellae, each of which Finger is arranged between two slats. Finally, it has a second side element that is articulated on the Holder around an axis of movement that corresponds to the axis of movement of the first side element is parallel, is arranged, this second side element with respect to the plane of the axes of the bores of the holder is arranged on the side i where the first side element is not located, the j second side element at its upper part, that of its j

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Axis of movement opposite, has at least one support lamella, with which you can the edge zone, which the tongues of the packaging sheet, can apply to the raised parts of the fingers of the first side element and the has as many insertion fingers as there are tongues, these fingers if the two side elements are substantially are parallel to the plane of the axes of the bores of the support, the tongues in the corresponding recesses on the other edge zone of the packaging sheet.

It can thus be seen that with the packaging closure device described can make a semi-automatic closing of the packaging, with the insertion of the packaging sheet in the device and the container in the packaging sheet must be done manually. Moving the page elements can be done manually or automatically. If the container through the packing sheet pass through openings of the first and second rows it is advantageous to provide that the side elements have openings analogous to the openings of the first and second Row of the packaging sheet, the edges of the container when closing the packaging by this Go through the openings in the side panels.

It is important to note that the interaction of the tongues and the recesses of the invention The greater the weight of the packaging, the stronger it is The container surrounded by the packaging sheet is, if it is assumed that the packaging is at the top during handling Part, that is to say on the part opposite to the two edge zones that have the tongues and the recesses is to be touched. However, this perfectly effective packaging has an extremely low cost price because it only is obtained by cutting a packaging sheet.

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The packaging sheet can advantageously be made of cardboard. The packaging sheet can of course also be advertising or bear other labels. In addition, this "Pack" type packaging is particularly beautiful because of the side panels and necks of the containers protrude from the wrapping sheet folded around it.

To illustrate the subject matter of the present invention in more detail, However, without restricting it, one is shown below by way of example on the attached drawings illustrated embodiment described.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a packaging according to the invention, which contains 6 identical necked bottles.

Fig. 2 shows in perspective the packaging sheet of the "pack" according to Figure 1, the bottles from the folded but not closed packaging sheets have been taken.

Fig. 3 shows in perspective a closing device for the packaging according to FIG. 1 in the initial phase of the Closing.

FIG. 4 shows in perspective the device according to FIG. 3 in an intermediate phase of closing.

FIG. 5 shows in perspective the device according to FIG. 3 in the final phase of closing.

From the drawing it can be seen that the packaging according to the invention comprises six bottles, each of which a bottle body 1, a neck 2 and one on the neck

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^! Has fitted closure 3. The six bottles are from a packaging designated in its entirety by 4

j "sheet, which is made from a cut-out sheet of cardboard

ί consists, as shown in perspective in FIG. j

^; The arc 4 comprises a central zone 5 into which the circular j

j-shaped recesses 6 are cut, the one;

: have a slightly larger diameter than that of the bottle necks 2. '■■

' The middle zone 5 is delimited by two folds 5a and 5b,!

which they from a first side surface 7 and a second j

Separate side face 8, with face 7 essentially six

<has borrowed rectangular openings 9. The lower part of the j

Opening 9 is in connection with a recess 10 in:

; i

Shape of a semicircle. The recess 10 can also by j

the end zone of the opening 9 in the part that the fold 5a I

opposite to be replaced. The end zone of opening 9, which is associated with the recess 10 is mounted in an edge zone 11 which is separated from the side surface 7 by a Fold 12 is separated. The side surface 8 comprises six essentially rectangular openings 13. The openings 13 are each mounted in the extension of an opening 9, two openings 9 and 13 of the same vertical Strip at the folding edges 5a, 5b and 12 are separated by the circular cutouts 6. One folding edge 14 is provided at the end of the opening 13 which is opposite the folding edge 5b. This folding edge 14 delimits a second one Edge zone 15 in which the semicircular incisions that form the tongues 16 are, in each Strip in which an opening 9, a cutout 6 and an opening 13 are located a tongue 16 is located. The 'widths the edge zones 11 and 15 are essentially the same, but the edge zone 11 is a little narrower than that Edge zone 15.

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'■ In order to produce the package according to Fig. 1, one uses a pre-cut and pre-creased packaging sheet, as illustrated in Fig. 2 and is in the cut-outs

; 6 the necks 2 of the bottles to be packaged. Then you close Over the bottles, the side surfaces 7 and 8 of the packaging sheet 4 by placing the edge zone 11 against the floor the bottle folds. Then the edge zone 15 is brought onto the edge zone 11 by pressing the tongues 16 in such a way that that they engage in the recesses 10, which are then j opposite them. Once this impression is made, j the two edge zones 11 and 15 are held together th and i the packaging sheet 4 holds the six bottles that it surrounds, j together. The strips 17 delimiting the openings 9, | place intermediate bars between two adjacent bottles and prevent the bottles from bumping into each other! to be damaged. Each of the bottles is completely in Held inside the packaging, since it passes through the openings j 9 and 13 and the cutout 6. The lock i of the packaging sheet 4 can accidentally only by opening;

tear of all the tongues 16 take place, which corresponds to a substantial amount of force is much higher than the force j by the weight of six bottles in the packaging sheet is applied when the package at the upper end '■ is taken.

FIGS. 3 to 5 show schematically in perspective a device with which the closing of the packaging sheet 4 can make semi-automatically. The device comprises a holder 18 on which two side elements 19 and 20 are articulated are attached, the hinge axes being denoted by 21 and 22, respectively. The support 18 comprises at both ends vertical plates 23. Between the plates 23 is a "base

: attached, in which six bores are made, whose diameter is slightly larger than that of the necks 2 and the

^: Closure3, whereby these bores have a depth

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which is greater than the height of the neck 2 with the associated closure 3 · The two joint axes 21 and 22 are parallel to the Plane of the aforementioned base and perpendicular to the axes j of all bores made in the base. The page element 19 consists of a grid with flat bars

the width of the strips 17, the openings; between two bars have their median plane so that they go through . the axis of one of the bores in the base goes. The second: side member 20 has the same general construction as that ; Side element 19.

j On the upper part of the first side element 19 are; Slats .24, which essentially correspond to the plane of the side element 'are vertical, with these slats having their center line in

the median plane of each lattice bar, which is the side element 19 form. Between two lamellas 24 there is a finger 25 which has a kink at its end which 'protrudes beyond the plane of the lamellas 24. The fingers 25 are

attached in a plane that is slightly angled to the plane. the lamellae 24 is arranged. All slats 24 and all Finger 25 are always the same.

On the upper part of the side element 20 there are two pressure lamellae 26. The lamellae 26 are very wide The angles are slightly curved, but are oriented essentially vertically to the side element 20. At the top of the side element 20 are also insertion fingers 27, which have a claw 28 at their end, which in the direction of the base is bent towards ■. The insertion fingers 27 are essentially perpendicular to the plane of the side element 20. They are all same.

When closing the packaging according to the invention with the described Device sets the user after he has the

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Side elements 19 and 20 apart ·, has, in the
Inside the device a packaging sheet 4 by
he the middle zone 5 on the Auflagesoekel 18 between the
two vertical plates 23 so that the cutouts
6 is the case with the ones made in the base

Bores are located. Then, with the head down, the bottles are placed in the device, making the necks 2 with
the Versöhlußkappen 3 are in the bores of the base.

This position is shown in FIG. 3. j

Then the side element 19 is brought into the closed position. j This position is shown in FIG. The lamellae 24 j press the edge zone 11 against the bottom of the bottles. | The edges of the bodies of the bottles go through the
Openings 9 between the correspondingly arranged bars
in the side member. Then the side element 20 is approached to the side element 19- During this movement, it is laid
the side surface of the packaging sheet against the body
the bottle 1, the edges of this bottle body through
the openings 13 pass through. i

When the side element 20 is brought into the closed position ^{: shown} in FIG. 5, this side element

approaching the side element 19, the slats 26 bring the. Edge zone against the curved part of the ends of the fingers 25.

The edge zone 15 thus forms a certain angle with!

of the edge zone 11. If the closing movement of the side j

elements 20 continues, fingers squeeze. 25, the j

Springs form, against the bottles, the lamellae 26 deform J

themselves and the insertion fingers 27 press their claw 28 i

against the tongues 16, causing the tongues to be pressed in

effect in the recesses 10 that are opposite them. ! When the closing movement of the side element 20 has ended,

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the tongues 16 are pressed into the recesses 6, but do not yet really work with the edge of the recesses 10 together, as the packaging sheet is pressed around the 6 bottles under the pressure of the two side elements 19 and 20 will. As soon as the side element 20 begins a return movement, the two side surfaces 7 and 8 of the packaging sheet incline to move away from each other and the tongues 16 then engage in the recesses 10, causing the closure the packaging and keeping the six bottles surrounded by the packaging sheet 4 in place is guaranteed.

Of course, the closing movement of the side elements 19 and 20 can be controlled manually or automatically, what an extremely quick packaging sequence is allowed.

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Claims (10)

M / 15009 Claims ( ΐΛ Packaging process that allows multiple containers to be combined into a single unit, the necks of which are narrower than the body of the container, and these containers are in the ι inside an arch made of flexible but strong material, the two ends of which are held together, are arranged according to which the packaging sheet is wrapped around the whole the container to be packaged folds so that the two edge zones of the packaging sheet lie on top of one another, the Packaging sheet on the one hand between its central zone, which of the two ends that are placed on top of each other, the same is far away, and on the other hand one of the edge zones has a first row of openings, this first row of openings has a number of openings equal to the number of containers to be packed together from the sheet, these openings being sufficiently wide that the containers can partially pass through when the packaging sheet is folded around this container, the packaging sheet also between its central zone on the one hand, that of the edge zones that are placed on top of each other is equidistant, and on the other hand the edge zone, in the direction of which is not attached to the openings of the first row, has a second row of openings, which second row comprises the same number of openings as the first row, each opening of the second row being an opening of the first Row is opposite when the packaging sheet is folded around the container to be packed, characterized in that, that at least one recess (10) is made near one of the end edges (11, 15) of the packaging sheet (4), that near the other end of the packaging sheet 16 - 409832/0792 M / 15009 a tongue (1β) cuts out of the material of the packaging sheet, which with the sheet through a non-cut Zone is connected so that you can wrap the packaging sheet around the entirety of the container to be packed folds so that the two edge zones of this arch lie on top of each other, each tongue (16) being substantially opposite a recess (10) in the other edge zone is attached, is that you can engage each tongue in the recess associated with it, the Weight of the container to be packed has such an effect that the two edge zones tend to differ from each other to be removed, but held together by the interaction of the tongues with the corresponding recesses. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings of the second row (13) substantially are the same width as the openings of the first row (9), each container packed in the packaging sheet through an opening of the first row and the opening of the second row, which is opposite this after folding, goes through, and from the neighboring container by separating strips (17) on the one hand between the openings of the first row and on the other hand remain between the openings of the second row, is separated. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in the. Central zone (5) of the packaging sheet (4) Cutouts (6) are provided, one of which is between an opening of the first row and an opening the second row is arranged, the in the packaging sheet to be packaged container have a neck (2), the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the surface of the the aforementioned excerpts. - 17 40983 2/079 2 ■ 4. Packaging sheet for carrying out the procedure
according to one of claims 1 to 3, which has two superimposed edge zones, -and between its central j zone on the one hand, which is equidistant from the superimposed edge zones, and one of the two
superposed edge zones on the other hand, a first series of apertures has j, said openings number in the presence \ in the packaging sheet to be packaged container j are the same, and preferably are all the same, said
Arc also between the central zone on the one hand, the i of the superimposed edge zones essentially the same is far away, and the other edge zone on the other hand has a 'second row of openings, these openings' of the second row numbering the openings of the first row
one opening of the first row and one opening of the second row being arranged in the same strip perpendicular to the general folding direction for the packaging sheet, characterized in that it firstly has at least one tongue (16), in one edge zone (15), which is cut out of the ι material of the sheet, wherein the 'fastening zone of the tongue on the corresponding end side ^; of the sheet is arranged, and that secondly provided in the edge zone (11) of the other end recesses ⁽¹⁰⁾ are in the said tongues can engage, the tongues
and the corresponding recesses essentially in one
Strips perpendicular to the intended general folding direction
are arranged for the packaging sheet. - 18 - 4098 3 2/0792 M / 15009 _o . _noc " 5- packaging sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that that in the central zone (5) of the packaging sheet (4) between each opening of the first row (9) and each opening the second row (13) a cutout (6) is provided in the same strip, perpendicular to the general Folding direction of the packaging sheet is arranged. 6. Packaging sheet according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that pre-folds (5a, 5b) firstly between the Cutouts (6) of the central zone (5) and the openings of the first and second rows (9, 13), secondly between the Openings of the second row (13) and the edge zone (15) which the tongues (16) on v / ei st and third between the Openings of the first row (9) and the edge zone (11), which form the recesses (10) corresponding to the tongues (16) having, are provided. 7 · Packaging which combines several containers, characterized in that the containers are by means of a packaging sheet according to any one of claims 4 to 6 held together, wherein the sheet surrounds the containers. 8. A method for closing a package according to claim 7j, characterized in that the necks (2) the container is introduced into the cutouts (6) of the central zone (5) of the packaging sheet so that the Container places the edge zone, which has the recesses (10) corresponding to the tongues (16), onto the aforementioned Edge zone then places the second edge zone (15) on which the tongues (16) are provided, this second - 19 409832/0792 ! M / 15009
• M / 15010 Edge zone (15) against at least one suitable element at a certain distance from the first edge zone (11) ; rests, the two edge zones in the locking direction of the The packaging sheet pushes the container against each other, and the tongues (16) mounted in the second edge zone (15) j so presses against the first edge zone (11) that this; Tongues (16) engage in the corresponding recesses (10), facing them and canceling the pressure on the packing sheet (4). 9- method according to claim 8, characterized in that that the first edge zone (11) is held by the fact that the strips (17) between two recesses (10) or remain at the outer edge of the edge recesses, presses against the bottom of the container. 10. Apparatus for performing the method according to any one of claims 8 or 9 for packaging containers which have a neck which passes through the cutouts of the central zone of the packaging sheet, characterized in that that on the one hand they have a holder (18) on which the central zone (5) of a packaging sheet precut according to the invention (4) rests, wherein the holder (18) bores with substantially parallel and coplanar Has axes, with a bore just at each cutout (6) of the central zone, so that the necks (2) the container can penetrate into these cutouts and these bores, the container with the head: after are arranged below, on the other hand, movable on the aforementioned holder about one to the axis of the provided in the holder Bores vertical axis, a first side element (19), on the side of the edge zone of the 409832/0792 Packing sheet on which the recesses corresponding to the tongues are attached, this first
Side element on its upper part firstly lamellas (24),
which are essentially perpendicular to the side part,
wherein a lamella is arranged at right angles to each strip of the j sheet of packaging, which has a recess which is intended to interact with j a tongue, second! Holding fingers (25), which include a part that is opposite ^! the level of the aforementioned lamellae is increased, ι each finger is arranged between two lamellae, and finally a second side element (20), which around
a hinge axis (22), parallel to the hinge axis of the first! Side element, is movable, having, this i second side element, based on the plane of the axes I. of the bores of the holder, is arranged on the side on which the first side element is not located, the second side element having at least one pressure lamella (26) on its upper side, which is opposite its axis of movement, with which the edge zone (15), j which has the tongues (16) of the packaging sheet, on the
raised portions of the fingers of the first side member ^up: attempted, on the one hand, and, secondly, the same number of A type-setting j finger (27) as having tongues, said fingers _λ when the two side elements to the plane of the axes of the bores of the support, substantially are parallel that
Press the tongues into the corresponding recesses in the other edge zone of the packaging sheet. j - 21 - 409832/0792 Blank page