DE2365714A1 - Wall insert for panel heating of rooms - has capillary inserts to control flow of heat across insert - Google Patents

Abstract

The insert absorbs solar energy during the day and releases it to heat the room at night. It has an external panel (3) which is flush with the external wall and is of a material which will absorb solar radiation but will not emit radiation itself. An internal panel (5) is flush with the inside wall. The space between the panels is filled with a medium which evaporates when heat is being absorbed during the day and condenses as it gives up heat at night. The internal face plate (5) has channels (6) which collect the condensate and there are pieces of absorbent capillary material (32) dipping into these channels. The depth to which they dip can be adjusted and varies the rate of heat transfer.

Description

Dr.W. EXAMINER

P 23 65 714. "9_ ^ DK-7ia / 6. ^^ l PATENTANWALt

8 MONCHEf-4 40

- ■ -'- '■' ■ '' ■ '■' ■ '■: UNGERERSTR. 25th

TELEPHONE 333626

- ■ Nikolaus Laing, 7141 Aldingen near Stuttgart

Plates for heating and / or cooling

The invention relates to a heat conducting plate with a cavity in which there is a heat transfer medium in vapor and liquid form Phase is located. ·

In the case of heat pipes and heat-aligning plates, which are used as a combination Roof panels are used both for heating and cooling buildings, is due to the different transformation temperatures the used 'latent storage masses the use of differently boiling heat transfer substances to control dm * Pressure conditions inside the hollow slabs are advantageous.

The exchange of the heat transfer fluid required in each case for operation can take place using various methods; A process in which a working in a collecting duct displaces ·, form the respective liquid in its located outside of the roof panel storage tank pushes and draws them from it / described in DK 713 5a. ·

Another method is that of the inside of the roof panel.

is connected to two external storage tanks, which can be optionally shut off with valves, in which the heat transfer fluid that is not required for operational purposes is stored. The liquid is transported from or to this storage container, for example, in that these storage containers are optionally cooled or heated with Peltier elements.

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When cooling, the one in the roof plate condenses vapor phase of the heat transfer medium in the storage container a. The remainder of the vapor phase in the roof panel depends on the temperature in the liquid storage container.

The transport of the heat transfer medium from the storage tank to the The roof panel can either be fed in freely or by heating the container. In the second case it condenses the steam expelled from the reservoir to the 'Spoke elements. -

Another possibility of using a heat transfer medium that is optimally adapted to the operating conditions arises when one a binary mixture of two heat transfer media with different boiling temperatures fills in, whereby this mixture does not have any azeotropy should show. By adding the higher or lower boiling component of the mixture, the inside of the plate can be removed The prevailing vapor pressure vary continuously between the vapor pressures of the two pure substances. For example, increases the pressure inside the plate is caused by the memory

If the system becomes overloaded and its temperature increases, the addition of the higher-boiling component can increase the vapor pressure in the system be reduced. Conversely, the internal pressure required to add the boiling component can be increased.

A separation of the mixture into the two pure starting substances a simple distillation step is not possible. For this purpose, there is one attached outside of the heat rectifier plate Rectifying decorative column provided, .. v the either 'internals (trays) or contains packing. "

The bottom of this rectifying column is dimensioned so that he 'the can accommodate the entire heat transfer medium content of the roof panel. This sump can either be cooled or cooled by Peltier elements be heated. The heat rectifier plate and the rectification column are operationally separated from each other by a switching valve separated. έθ98Ο8 / (Η24

Should the heat rectifier roof panel be used as an insulating panel are, the bottom of the rectification column is cooled, and migrates after opening the intermediate valve the entire heat transfer mixture into the sump. When the rectification column is heated, the The lower-boiling portion of the mixture is obtained and condensed into a storage container. Remains in the bottom of the column the higher boiling portion of the mixture. Both components can be fed back individually into the roof panel will./ ·

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The invention is explained by way of example with the aid of the figures.

Figure 1 shows in a diagram the absorption curve of a super white coating according to the invention,

Figure 2 shows in a diagram the absorption curve of a super black coating according to the invention,

FIG. 3 shows, partly in a perspective view and partly in section, a roof panel Device according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows, partly in a perspective view and partly in section, a further embodiment the invention.

FIG. 5a shows partly in a perspective view and partly in section a roof plate for cooling,

Figure 5b shows a detail of the plate shown in Figure 5a,

Figure 6 shows "an embodiment according to the invention similar to that in Figure. 5a shown 'also for

Cooling of the space below is provided.

Figure 7a shows partially in perspective view and partly in section an embodiment according to the invention, which is suitable for heating.

Figures 7b to 7d show details in excerpts the device shown in Figure 7a.

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view and in section an embodiment according to the invention for heating or is suitable for cooling.

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FIG. 1 shows the spectral profile of a layer which consists of an opaque in the long-wave range, the sunlight but permeable layer, e.g. special glass' or film made of fluoropolyethylene and one underneath '' arranged metal layer that largely reflects solar radiation,

..Figure 2 shows the spectral profile of a layer that ·. from a magnesium fluoride layer, a very thin silicon dioxide layer, a silicon layer, a Silicon nitride layer and a gold layer.

! Figure 3 shows the basic structure of a roof plate constructed device according to the invention, the aas a wall facing the interior 5, a Storage mass 10 with a crystallization temperature .von approx. 17 ° C a «heat-insulating, but gas-permeable Zone Z and an outwardly facing wall 4 consists. The inside is with the saturated steam of a heat carrier filled.' This gives off heat to the wall facing outwards as soon as it is cooler than the wall

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Heat storage mass 10. For even distribution the absorbent layer 132 serves for the condensate

Figure 4 shows the outwardly facing layer of a wall, which is used to prevent cooling by the Convection flow of the outside air with a radiolucent Foil F is covered. The film is deformed according to the profile shown and along the strips permanently connected to the optically active layer 102. The air trapped in the channels 103 has an insulating effect, so that 'the convection by outside air does not have a detrimental effect.

FIG. 5a shows the basic structure of a device according to the invention, constructed as a roof panel, for cooling rooms. The length of the edge 1 is, for example, 5 to 10 meters, the length of the edge 2 is, for example, 1 to 2 meters. The cover plate 4 is made of metal and its surface 3 faces the space. The room-side, downward-facing plate 5 is made of metal and has ribs 6, which serve for better heat transfer. The connection between the two plates 4 and 5 consists of preferably corrugated / poorly thermally conductive edge strips 7 and 7 '. For this purpose, for example, corrugated strips made of thin stainless steel sheet are suitable. On the plate 5 there is a layer 10 made of latent storage mass. The crystallization temperature of the storage mass is chosen so that it is above the nocturnal radiation temperatures of the surface 3 and, if possible, above the dew point temperature that is established within the room during the day. The support between the layer 10 and the plate 4 is carried out by an anisotropic support structure 11, for example made of vertically arranged,

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parallel hollow bodies with, for example, a round or hexagonal cross-section (honeycomb structure). The inside of the plate is evacuated and then partially refilled with a heat transfer medium. The properties of this heat transfer medium which fills the inside of the plate in liquid and gaseous phase, v / earth chosen so that the pressure prevailing steam pressure in the interior of the panel at the \ highest operatively occurring temperatures remains smaller than the outside prevailing air pressure. The pressure inside the plate is determined by the coldest point of the device, not for example the temperature of the plate 4 facing the sunlight. The inwardly facing side of the plate 4 has drip noses 8. (Figure 5b), where the condensate 9. of the heat carrier can drip off. The drip noses 8 are arranged in such a way that they are each approximately in the axis of the vertical support body 11.

As soon as the room temperature is above the crystallization temperature the storage mass has risen, warm air rises along the arrows 12, indicating its warmth the ribs 6 and falls back along the arrows 13 and 13 'back into the room. The ribs 6 conduct the heat inde storage mass 10 next. This will .. the initially crystalline storage mass 10 at constant temperature continuously in the molten Transferred state. Between the storage mass 10 and the support frame 11 there is a thin cover plate 14, for example made of sheet metal on which the evaporation of the heat carrier takes place. ■

The surface 3 is covered with a layer that radiates extremely well in the long-wave infrared range, while it reflects well in the area of sunlight

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This has the effect that during the day a the plate does not assume very high temperatures, whereas during the night it drops to radiation temperatures which are substantially below the ambient temperature. Once the temperature of the disc 4 has a crystallization Tempe ¹ 10'unterschritten -ratur the storage mass, which condensation starts the gaseous heat carrier to the inside of the plate 4, and the drops 9 fall from the Abtropfspitzen 8 within each hollow body of the support frame 11 to the plate 14 back, on which they evaporate again, so that a continuous evaporation-condensation cycle is formed. As soon as solar radiation sets in again and the temperature of the plate 4 exceeds the temperature of the memory 10, this cycle stops and the device acts as a high-quality insulator. The inside of the plate 4 is treated so that it reflects extremely well in the infrared radiation range. '

While the device according to the invention according to FIG. 5a requires a vacuum- ^{tight version 1} , that is to say requires the curved edge strips 7 and 7 ', FIG he follows. The plate facing the room with the ribs 6 absorbs - as explained with reference to the previous figure - the heat from the convection flow of the room air 12, 13, 13 '. It gives off this heat to the storage mass 10 so that it is charged. The storage mass container has a .'cross-shaped rib arrangement 10 'and 10 "which is also filled with storage mass. As long as the storage mass is cooler than the outwardly facing plate 4, the air in the channels 20 is at rest because it is thermally stable. As soon as the temperature of the inside 4 'of the plate 4 is below the crystalline

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Sation temperature of the memory 10 drops, sets a convection current in the channels 20 along the arrows 21 and 21 '. a. This removes the heat from the storage fins 10 * and 10 "delivered to disk 4, i.e. the memory unload. The bottom 4 'of the plates has an additional one Ribs 22, whereby the heat transfer is increased due to the larger area. These ribs run perpendicular to the ribs 10 "in the spaces between the Ribs 10 ". The surfaces 4 'of the upper cover plate 4 facing into the interior of the plate, as well as the rib surfaces of the ribs 10 * and 10 "of the storage mass container reflect strong in the infrared.

The advantage of this embodiment is that. no pressure-tight container construction is necessary.

Here too, the outward-facing layer has 3 of the plate

4 shows the optical properties described with reference to FIG. 5a.

FIGS. 7a to 7d show an embodiment of the in FIG

5, but for heating rooms. The plate is also filled with a heat transfer medium 30. The dimensions of the edges 1 and 2 are also approximately the same as on the basis of Figure 1 described. .

The plate 5 facing the room is also ribbed

6 provided. Here, however, the ribs have another function. They are namely as ribs 6 for inclusion von.Wärmeträger-Condensate 30 formed (Figure 7c). the Storage bodies 10 are filled with a storage mass, the thermal energy as latent heat at a temperature which is above the desired room temperature, is able to absorb. On the other hand, the transition temperature should

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of the memory 10 can be selected so that it is still sufficiently below the operational temperature which the outwardly facing surface 3 of the upper cover plate 4 assumes during solar irradiation. This outwardly facing layer 3 is designed so that it absorbs extremely in the range of solar radiation, but cannot emit in the range of infrared radiation; it therefore preferentially absorbs thermal energy in the range of visible radiation without emitting it again in the infrared. The condensate of the heat carrier collects in the channels 6. For the selection of the heat transfer medium, the consideration that the temperature-dependent maximum pressure arising inside must never be higher than the external pressure applies. Strips 32 of suitable capillary-active substances protrude into the grooves 6. The condensate 30 is sucked up in these strips, which are preferably made up of fibrous materials arranged parallel to the arrows 33. These absorbent strips 32 are angled and run in their area 32 ¹ parallel to the inwardly facing surface of the plate 4. From there they absorb heat during the day, whereby the condensate transported up by capillary forces evaporates and turns in the direction of the arrows 33 ' moved back down. The steam 34 condenses on the surface of the storage body 10 as long as it is hotter than the storage body. The storage bodies give off their heat to the room, ie they heat it up in particular through radiation. As already described with reference to FIG. 5, a support structure 11 is provided to prevent the plates from collapsing under the external pressure. The channels 6 communicate with a collecting channel 35 in which an inflatable fold body 36 is located. This fold body is connected to a pump by a line and can pass through in the longitudinal direction of arrow 37

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Admission to a displacement medium can be shifted. As a result, the amount of condensate in the channel can be changed, so that the height of the condensate level 38 can be adjusted so that, alternatively, the lower edge of the absorbent strip 32 is immersed in the condensate or not. Of course, any other displacement body can take the place of the pleated body which the level of the condensate can be changed in height. This principle can also be used elsewhere, E.g. in the arrangement according to Figure 8 use.

Figure 8 shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which two types of storage bodies are used side by side. The storage bodies 10 are used for cooling, while the storage bodies 40 are used to heat the interior. The storage bodies intended for heating 40 in turn have grooves 41 in which - as has already been described with reference to FIGS. 7a to 7d - an absorbent Fleece 42 is immersed, which is angled on the inside of the plate 4 pointing upwards. if the temperature of the plate 4, its outwardly facing layer 43 both in the visible and in the long-wave The area is absorbed, heated during the day, steam reaches the surface 44 of the storage body, condenses there and gives off heat to the storage bodies 10 and 40. However, only the storage bodies 40 can absorb latent heat, because they have a correspondingly high transition temperature exhibit. The memory 10 absorb the heat in a tangible form. As long as the temperature of the plate 4 is higher than that of the storage body 40, this heat transport takes place.

However, as soon as the outwardly facing layer 43 heats radiates, the heat transport is interrupted by a displacement body described with reference to FIGS. 7a to 7b 36 is reduced to such an extent that the entire, in

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the gutters. 41 flowing into the collecting channel 35 (Figure 7d). Another arrangement looks before that the vaporous heat transfer medium passed through a pipe 45 into a condenser and reflected in this is, for example, that this capacitor is cooled by Peltier elements. Inside the gas-tight produced plate are in turn supporting body 11, between which reflective metal foils 46 and 46 ' are arranged. An opening 47 in the foils 46 and 46 'is assigned to each hollow body of the support structure, through which vapor and liquid can flow ascending and descending. On the inside of the plate 4 are the drip tips described with reference to Figure -5 (8) attached, which then lead to the dripping back of condensate when heat from the storage elements 10 to the plate 4 should be discharged. In this case, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 5, remove the storage bodies 10 of the room air via the convection currents according to the arrows 12, 13 and 13 'the heat and are charged. if During the night the layer 43 facing the space cools down so much that its temperature is below the temperature the storage body 10, sinks, finds the continuous condensation-evaporation cycle described with reference to FIG instead of. In the process, heat is perceptibly withdrawn from the storage bodies 40, while the storage bodies 10 have their latent Give off heat. .

It is intended to use only so much heat transfer medium to fill the plate that during heating operation, i.e. when-heat from the surface 43 to the under; the roof plate located space is to be introduced, the. Pressure does not increase significantly above the external pressure. ·

Another variant of the invention provides that, depending on

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Operating mode for heating or cooling two heat carriers with different boiling temperatures are used. In this In this case, there is a capacitor for each medium. When heating, the lower-boiling medium remains in the assigned Condensation vessel, the higher-boiling one when cooling.

It is also conceivable and intended to separate these heat carriers from one another again by separating devices, for example by rectifying columns, when they are mixed.

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Claims (3)

23657H - 14 claims 1. Thermally conductive plate with a cavity in which there is a heat transfer medium in vaporous and liquid phase, characterized in that the cavity collecting channels (6)
for the heat transfer condensate (30), into which devices (32) made of capillary-active substances can be immersed in a controlled manner or not. 2. Heat conducting plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the level of condensate in the grooves can be changed in height is. 3. Heat conducting plate according to claim 2, characterized in that a displacement body to change the condensate level communicated with the collecting channels. 609808/0424