DE2352313A1 - MECHANICAL-PNEUMATIC ACTUATING ELEMENT FOR THE CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC BRAKES IN VEHICLES - Google Patents

Description

"Mechanical-pneumatic actuator for Control of pneumatic brakes in vehicles "

The invention relates to an actuating element of the mechanical-pneumatic Type, to control the braking elements of with pneumatic Vehicles equipped with braking systems.

Mechanical-pneumatic actuators to control the Brakes in vehicles equipped with pneumatic braking systems are "already" known; these actuators consist of two interconnected parts to form only one unit, which has a pneumatic actuation element (for Vehicles), as well as a mechanical actuation element (for braking stationary vehicles and in individual cases also for emergency braking of the vehicle), its braking energy is delivered by a preloaded in an appropriate manner spring includes.

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When vehicles are in operation, the spring of the mechanical Actuating element shut down in that this spring means a piston held in their maximally compressed position the piston is acted upon by a pneumatic pressure of a certain value. The pneumatic actuator can thus work unhindered and in a normal way, to the habitual braking of the standstill Vehicle.

The braking of stationary vehicles or emergency braking is accomplished by getting out of the chamber — the mechanical Actuating element, the air acting on the piston escape leaves, so that the relaxing leather, with the help of appropriate control bumpers and transmissions, a permanent braking of the vehicle accomplished. Using a distributor specially provided for this purpose, it is possible to the pressure of the air acting on the piston to compress the spring for braking the vehicle when it is in operation change, creating a modular auxiliary braking which is carried out in stages by the driver. The said spring of these actuating elements is such that even with their maximum relaxation, they are sufficient to achieve braking of a stationary vehicle or for emergency braking Has an effect.

In the already known actuating elements of this type, the two actuating elements, i.e. the mechanical and the pneumatic

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table actuator, coaxially arranged and connected in series. Such an arrangement leads to a large space-consuming, in particular actuators which are of considerable length. Such actuating elements also offer no reliable and adequate protection against external impacts to which the actuating element is exposed because that you equip this actuator with appropriate shields, protection and YerStärkungsmittel. · In the end the known actuators require the use of two control bumpers or other special solutions for reliable and effective transmission of the control impulses on the braking elements.

In those cases where & n the pneumatic system, in particular the actuating element is insufficiently ventilated, or if the system and the actuating element are in a standing position Vehicle that should be maneuvered, not with one, for cancellation and neutralization of the braking, compressed air with sufficient pressure is fed, see these known actuating elements Unlocking element before (in most cases screw-nut elements), by means of which the Spring loaded piston is adjusted by hand to compress and squeeze the spring together and neutralize it and to relieve the effect exerted by this on the brake. '·

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a for

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Braking serving actuating element of the Artj explained above from a small space requirement, in particular an actuating element which, compared to the length of the known elements, has small longitudinal dimensions.

Another purpose of the invention is to achieve a Actuating element serving for braking, the pneumatic component of which is to avoid outside, on the actuating element impacting thrusting and hitting completely and in a more advantageous manner Way is provided with a protective cover.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a for Serving brakes, with more than one control bumper of the usual length provided actuating element on which both the pneumatic and the mechanical component of the actuating element exert an effect.

The actuating element according to the invention, which is both a cylinder-piston unit includes, the movable part of which is in communication with the braking elements and of the pneumatic Brake system and is influenced by spring means, which remain in tension thanks to the action of the pressure mentioned, as well as a

second cylinder-piston unit, which is influenced by the monitored pressure of the distributor of the brake system, the movable of which ^; before equipment is inserted between that of the first unit and the control means for the brakes, for actuating the said control means independently of the aforementioned ■

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first cylinder-piston unit is characterized in that the two cylinder-piston units between each other in such Way are arranged and housed that these units one Form telescopic, coaxial and parallel structure, the middle piston with the control elements for the brakes is in communication by means of an inner piston of the body and through only one control pushrod.

The actuating element is a compartment of a preferred embodiment of the invention provided with a protective cover to accommodate the telescopic structure. This structure includes a first, firmly connected to the said shell in a cylinder in which a hollow piston moves slidably, the is influenced by the resilient braking means and which forms the second cylinder, in which another, directly Piston slidingly connected to the control pushrod of the brakes moved, with externally adjustable screws and nut elements Have coupling members which cooperate with said hollow piston and from the cover of the protective cover be held, these coupling members resilient braking means press together again to release the brakes.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of an embodiment and with reference to the drawing. Show:

Fig. Ta and 1b the complementary, along the lines x-x interconnected representation of the invention

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proper actuator;

Pig. 2 shows a section along line II-II in Pig. 1; Pig. 3 shows a section along line III-III in Pig. 1;

Pig. Figure 4 is a partial view of the left end of the Pig actuator. 1;

Pig. 5 shows a partial section along the line V-V of FIGS. 4 and

Pig. 6a, 6b and 6c schematically and in section three different from the brake actuation element positions occupied during his three stages of work, The first of the named Piguren corresponds to Pig.1 of the drawing.

The actuating element illustrated in the drawings is surrounded by a cylindrical shell, the bottom wall 12 of which with Threaded pin 14 is provided for attaching this actuator to the frame of the vehicle.

The middle region of the bottom wall 12 of the body 10 has an opening 15 in which a sleeve provided with a collar 18 16 is arranged, which cooperates with an elastic ring 20 which engages in a hat of the opening 15 for clamping of the sleeve 16 with the bottom wall 12, whereby a seal 21 creates an adhesive pneumatic connection between the interior of the Body 10 and the outside guaranteed. A bottom disk 22 'is provided with a central opening 24 into which

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the free end of the sleeve 16 inserts a tight fit.

A perforated rod 25 is pushed into the sleeve 16, "the outer wall of which is provided with longitudinal wings 26. These longitudinal wings are limited by axial grooves ", which together with the inner

en

wall of said sleeve 16 form lines, the purpose in the art is explained.

The perforated rod 25 is in a form-fitting manner with a piston 28 Connection provided with seals cooperating with the inner wall of a corresponding cylinder 30, wherein one of the ends of this cylinder is tightly clamped to the bottom disk 22 by means of screws 31. A coil spring 32 is inserted between the bottom disk 22 and the piston 28 and the effect exerted by said spring 32 is ten this piston against the bottom wall 34. of the cylinder 30 back, which can slide along the sleeve 16 in the axial direction. At the end of the longitudinal wings 26 of the perforated rod 25 there is a circumferential recess for receiving a miter ring 27, which together with said longitudinal wings 26, the equilibrium of the cylinder 30 with the piston 28 in the Displacement of this cylinder and this piston ensured. The rod 25 is provided with an opening at its free end, for receiving and holding a beaker 33, cLer with inwardly directed peripheral wings 35 is provided in order to be provided with a, from. one of the ends of a swinging bumper 38 exhibited rim 36 to work together to ensure the Axi-

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connection between this gtoß bar and the bar 25. The free. The end of the bumper 38 is held by an adjustable fork 40, which advantageously has a lever for controlling the vehicle brake] :! is in connection, with a hood 42 on said end, wedged on and with its ends on the fork 40 on the one hand and attached to the bottom wall 12 of the body 10, on the other hand, to protect the bumper 38 and the inside of the braking element against the ingress of dust and foreign bodies * - pern. The interior of the sleeve 16 and the cylinder 30 are in communication with the environment, as explained in more detail below.

The inner end of the rod 25 positively connected to the piston 28 is partially perforated in the axial direction to receive a threaded pin 44 which is provided with a nut 45 which is locked by means of a locking pin 46 and is in engagement with a screw nut 48 which is provided with diametrically opposed prismatic wings 49 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). _% -

The bottom wall 34 of the cylinder 30 has in its central area a perforated projection 50, the one with a radial tooth or with two radial, diametrically opposed to each other Teeth 52 is provided, these teeth engage in corresponding slots 54 which are perforated in a longitudinal direction Tail 55 are provided with the. Rod 25 runs in the same direction, and is received in the opening of the rod 25. With the slots 54 also get the wings 49 of the threaded rod '

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44 shown screw nut 48 in engagement. The perforated tail 55 is in a tight-fitting connection with the central region of a bottom disk 56 which forms the closure cover of the housing 10; this bottom disk 56 takes place in one of the. Edge of the housing 10 exhibited stop receptacle and cooperates with a seal 57. An elastic ring 58 engages in a groove provided on the inside of said edge to hold the bottom washer 56, which is clamped to the bottom washer 56 by means of a radial blade 60 of small dimensions (see FIGS. 4 and 5) and a screw 61 is, wherein the free end of said had 60 in a notch 62 of the edge of the housing 10 is received.

The cylinder 30 and the bottom disks 22 and 34 in turn form a hollow piston which slidably moves in a corresponding cylinder 64 which, in the illustrated pallet, is firmly connected to the inner surface of the bottom disk 56 and is therefore located inside the housing 10. In its central area, the bottom disk 56 has a perforated wheel disk 66 which is suitable for holding the threaded rod 44, which has a groove 68 for receiving a seal, and a flange 70 ending with a hexagonal head 72 a stop located in the opening of the wheel disc 66 has its seat, in which this flange is held in place by means of an elastic ring 74, this ring engaging by means of its outer circumference with a groove formed in the wall of said stop for holding purposes of the threaded pin

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44 in the axial direction, said rod rotating "moves" can be, mid by bringing an appropriate device with the hexagonal head 72 into engagement. The Indian perforated wheel disc 66 provided stop is closed by means of an elastic cap 75, the thickened hand with a Unifangsnut provided in the outer wall of said wheel disc comes into releasable engagement. The cylinder of the unit 22-30-34 ends at the bottom disk 22, with a ring 76, the one holds the ends of a coil spring 78, which is pushed onto the cylinder 64 and the other end of a cover of the Sheath 10 is held.

The action of the spring 78 retained by the aforementioned components is via the perforated projection 50 of the bottom wall 34 transferred to the rod 25 and to the bumper and from this to the braking elements.

The elements described above form a telescopic one Structure and they delimit a plurality of pressure chambers, of which the first, or the pressure chamber A of the cover 56 and is formed by the Bo & enwaad of the piston-cylinder 30 and via a connection 80 exhibited by the cover 56 with the Distributor of the pneumatic brake system is in connection.

Lifting the chamber A, a chamber B is provided by the cylinder 30 of the bottom wall 34 and the piston 28 is formed. The chambers B are located above one or more in the wall 34

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before openings B2 with said chamber in connection. It follows that when the chamber A is pressurized, the chamber 13 is also pressurized. If this is the case, the pressure causes only an adjustment of the piston 28 from left to right or in a direction opposite to the arrow X (Pig. 1a), insofar as the same size _{on both outer surfaces of the wall 34 of the cylinder piston 30}} and opposing forces have an effect. In such a way, individual components of the actuating element are represented in FIG. 3. 6b a position illustrated, whereby said element is able to bring about the pneumatic braking of a vehicle in motion.

A third pressure chamber ö is from the interior of the shell 10, from the sleeve 16 and the outer surface of the bottom disk of the piston-cylinder 30, formed. The chamber C is connected to the accumulator of the pneumatic brake system via a connection 84, • so that also in the chamber C mentioned, the pressure of the mentioned System is present. As soon as the desired pressure is applied in the brake system, this pressure has an effect on the bottom disk 22 of the piston cylinder 30 and moves the disc as long in the direction of arrow Y until it is against that of the spring exerted effect reached the position shown in Figs. 1 and 6a. -.

Finally, the interior of the piston 30 has a chamber D which is delimited by the piston 28 and the bottom disk 32;

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and, as "already said, the said piston stands over the hat 26 and the rod 24 in connection with the ambient air, this hat and this rod also fulfilling the task of the chamber D to connect to the interior of the tube 16.

The preceding explanations illustrate the mode of operation of the actuating element. The following is the mode of operation, with reference to Figures 1 to 6a and 6c.

That in the pig. 1 and 6a shown braking element is in its normal working conditions, in other words, in the chamber G (which is permanently connected to the pneumatic brake system via the connection 84) is the pressure of the called brake system, the effect of which the piston 22-30-34 and by means of the spring 32 also the piston 28 in the direction of the arrow les Y moves.

The displacement of the piston is possible because the chambers A and B are in contact with the ambient air via the brake distributor. As a result, the spring 78 remains compressed and the The bumper 38 is in the engaged position, causing it to come to a standstill the brake elements is guaranteed.

The worker puts the brake system distributor in a more habitual manner In operation, compressed air flows through the connection 80 into the chambers A and B ', and thanks to the mutual, from the piston 22-30-34 and 28 remains in position;

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the first of these pistons in the position under consideration, whereas the basket 28 is displaced against the direction of the arrow Y and the effect exerted by the spring 32 (see FIG. 6b) will.

In said ball, the bumper 38 is displaced and synchronized actuated with the control for the brake distributor, for modulation and to change the intensity. the vehicle braking. If the brake distributor interrupts the connection between chambers A and B on the one hand and the air reservoir on the other, in this way the connection between said chambers and the outlet is restored and the piston 28 is restored by means of the spring 32 traced back to its original position, how it looked FIGS. 1 and 6a can be seen.

To achieve emergency braking and braking of those standing still It is sufficient for vehicles to cancel the pressure in the brake system or to decrease, and this happens automatically as soon as the pressure in the said system comes out of which Whatever the case, it is not applied or below a certain limit has fallen off. In such a case, the spring 78, which is no longer influenced by said pressure, causes an adjustment of the cylinder-piston unit 22-30-34 opposite .the direction of the Arrow X, the piston also being adjusted in the same direction, as shown in FIG. 6c. In this case too, the bumper 38 and the braking elements are displaced , are actuated in this state and kept unchanged. ITa-

Of course, the aforementioned brake state remains unchanged until "until the working pressure in chamber C of the braking system has been restored. With this assumption, the pressure sets the piston 22-30-34 to its original position and the spring 78 is again compressed.

Is it necessary to put the brakes of a stationary vehicle out of operation if the brake actuation element is in the position specified in Ii ¹ Ig. oc is the braking position shown, it is necessary to either neutralize or interrupt the effect exerted by the Seder '[S on the brakes mentioned. This is done by means of a key provided specifically for this purpose, which is brought into engagement with the shunting head 72 to move the threaded pin 44 in a rotating manner. In such a case, the screw nut 43 is displaced in the direction of arrow Y, whereby the piston is also displaced 22-30-34 moves accordingly or in the same sense, since the wings 49 of the aforementioned screw nut come into singular engagement with the radial teeth exhibited by the wall 34 of the aforementioned piston, whereby the piston, which is also shifting, causes the spring 78 to be compressed and daduj? ch the standstill of the braking elements.

To restore the initial effectiveness, the worker acts again on the threaded pin to. to relieve the spring 78, so that as soon as the pressure available in the pneumatic brake system has also been restored in chamber G v, this pressure is also restored Pressure calls the piston 22-30-34 back to its end position, v / o-

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is compressed again by the spring 78.

It should be noted that the modulated braking according to the present invention is always implemented by means of the distributor
can, even if the spring 78 by the nut
48 remains compressed because -sich the piston 28 in the cylinder 30, contrary to that of the. Spring exerted effect. * Sliding
can move and the bumper 38 can operate.

The actuating element described and illustrated above can be used depending on the various demands made by the customer and depending on the pneumatic braking system,
to which this actuating element is to be assigned, changes or changes are made without exceeding the limits of the present protection request.

For example, the ones used to compress the spring 78 can be Elements are replaced by levers or gears, or by elements acted upon by a fluid pressure.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1y mechanical-pneumatic actuator to control the pneumatic brakes in vehicles, "consisting of both a Cylinder basket unit, the moving part of which is connected to the braking element and which is controlled by the pressure the pneumatic braking system, as well as one of the spring means exerted effect is influenced, these spring means be held in a loaded position by means of the action exerted by said pressure, and a second Cylinder-piston unit, which is influenced by the monitored pressure of the distributor of the brake system, its movable Equipment of the first unit and the brake control means is inserted, for actuating the brakes independently of said first cylinder-piston unit, characterized in that the two cylinder-piston units (28-30) and (30-68) are arranged and oriented so that these Units form a co-rotating and equiaxed telescopic structure, the central piston (30-34) of which by means of of the inner piston (28) of said telescopic structure is in communication with the braking elements (38). 2. Braking element according to claim 1, characterized by a rod (25) which cooperates effectively with the braking elements (38) and the tight fit with the inner piston (28) of the telescopic Structure is connected, the middle element (22-30-34) of said structure having an axial projection 409818/0898 (50), the one with the mentioned. Rod (25) engages and one end of which has a ring (76) for holding, one of the ends of the spring means (73) for braking the silent, has stationary vehicle. • 3. Brake element according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the middle telescopic element (22-30-54) consists of a cylinder (30) "whose ends are supported by walls (22-34) are closed, where dex "pressure of the braking system for the vehicle without interruption on one of said walls (22) exerts an effect and the von dem.Vverter of said Brake system monitored pressure acting on the other wall (34) on the inner piston of the telescope) -like structure and is provided with openings (82) for establishing a pneumatic connection between two of the chambers (A, B) in which the pressure monitored by the manifold is formed. 4. Braking element according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the first of the walls (22) of the central telescopic element (30-34) is an axially extending one Has opening, for tight-fitting cooperation with a tube (16), meanwhile opening the rod (25) of the inner Piston (28) of the telescopic structure slides freely moves, the ambient pressure acting on the other outer surface of said piston. Α098Τ8 / Ό896 5. Braking element according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the middle element (30) of the telescopic structure, and the Pedermittel (7Q) of the braking element in a diciitschlüssigen protective cover (10) Lint he are brought, with one of the bottom walls (12, 56) delimits the first (A) of the pressure chambers (A, B) fed by the distributor of the brake system, whereby sicli moves the middle element (22-30-34) of the telescopic structure in a tight-fitting sliding manner in a corresponding cylinder (64) , which is positively connected to the bottom wall (56) and which holds the Peder means (78) with its other linde. 6. Braking element according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that one of the bottom walls (56) of the protective cover (10) is detachable and at least part of the control elements (44, 48 and 25), which with the spring means (78) of the mechanical Actuating element come into singriff to thereby To compress the solder and the vehicle brakes shut down. 7. braking element na, ch claims 1 to 6, characterized by a screw-nut unit (46-48), one of the elements (44) which is axially retained by the bottom wall (56) of the protective sheath (10) and which closes with means (72) its actuation is provided for the axial displacement of the other element (48) of said unit for compressing the brake spring means (78). 409818/0896 8. Brake element according to .Ansprüche 1 "to 7, characterized in that the bumper (25) of the inner piston (28) of the telescopic structure is at least partially axially perforated to accommodate a threaded rod (44) j of the detachable bottom wall (56) of the protective sheath (10) is held axially, the threaded rod cooperating with a screw nut (48) which cooperates with at least one radial wing (49) which slides into one of a perforated tail in said detachable bottom wall (56) is in a tight connection and wherein the middle element (30) of said telescopic structure has at least one radial tooth (52) which cooperates with the nut (48) in such a way that said nut when the threaded rod (44) is actuated the middle Element (30) moves in the axial direction, whereby the resilient braking means (78) are compressed. 9. ' Brake element according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the rod (25) of the inner piston (28) of the telescopic structure has a recess at its free end for holding by means of an articulated connection (33) of the end a bumper (38) is provided, which is effectively connected with the braking elements, with clamping elements (35-36) connecting the bumper (38) axially to the rod (25). 10 .. braking element according to claim 9, characterized by locking means (60), which is between the detachable bottom wall (56) and the, 4098 18/0896 the part forming the circumference of the protective cover (10) is inserted, to prevent the screw nut (48) from rotating with respect to the control screw (44) when the resilient Braking means (78) are compressed, 11. Bremselement.nach.den claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the detachable bottom wall (56) of the protective cover (10) has connections (80-84), the first of which is used for the two inner chambers (A, B) of the telescopic structure with to connect to the distributor of the braking system and its second for the uninterrupted connection of this system with another chamber (C) of the telescopic structure, which is used by the inside of said protective cover and is formed in this protective cover, the middle chamber (D) the aforementioned chambers (B and C) by means of a pipe (16) is in connection with the environment, and where this Tube is inextricably connected to the solid bottom wall (12) of said protective cover. 409818/0896 Lee r'se-ife