DE2341780C2 - Lever control device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lever control device. consisting of at least one from a neutral position in all directions "" actuatable Swiveling lever device for actuating either one or two control parts, in which a first member to a first axis is arranged pivotably on the machine and transmits movement with a first control part is coupled, in which a second member carrying the pivot lever (learn first Member mounted and pivotable about a second, at a distance from the first and perpendicular axis crossing this axis

W is coupled to the second controlled so as to transmit movement

In one such, from GB-PS 1176113 known lever control device is the first link in a U-shaped bearing block around a first axis forming first screw bolt pivotable. This first limb has a laterally protruding and obliquely downward arm, in which a first, directed vertically downward from the device Control rod around a parallel to the first axis, formed by a third screw bolt, the third axis is pivoted The second axis is formed by a second screw bolt, which is screwed through the cheeks of the second link. The second link has one approximately perpendicular to the second axis extending fork arm, at the fork ends by a parallel to the second axis lying, a fourth axis forming fourth screw bolt a quaderförüüger connection block pivotable is stored near the lower end of the connection block

kes is the upper end of the second, also extending vertically downward from the device Steuererstnage mounted pivotably about a fifth axis forming, fifth screw bolt, the vertical runs to the fourth screw bolt The terminal block forms with the help of the fourth screw bolt and the fifth axis a joint that can be bent in two directions. At the top of the second The pivot lever is attached to the link. In the neutral position shown, from the drawing - in the Description is not carried out for this purpose - refer to, that the fourth screw bolt above the first and below the second screw bolt in one Height is through which he has a lever arm to the first and the second axis of the two links The fifth axis, however, lies a considerable distance below the first screw bolt and also below the third screw bolt, so that there are also differences in height between these pivot axes result that when actuated different and only

have such hard-to-control effects. Provided the first link is pivoted about the first screw bolt, this pivoting movement can clearly transferred to the first control rod. After a return to the drawn neutral position a pivoting movement of the second link about the second screw bolt can also be carried out properly transmit the second control rod. In the first-mentioned movement of the first limb around the first However, the screw bolt is tilted and pulls over the lever arm of the fifth axis With respect to the first screw bolt, the second Steuerütange upwards, without actually doing this it is asked for. At the same time it is through the one between the fourth bolt and the first Screw bolt present lever arm so far pivoted to the side and also raised that the The amount of lifting movement of the second control rod is increased. If then the second link around

If its then scbrägsviheflde axis of the second screw bolt is pivoted, this leads more to a lateral deflection of the second control rod, because to a downward movement, namely the fourth screw bolt is then also rotated around the first screw bolt and transmits the positioning of the control rod via the connection block just with this pivot angle], The basic disadvantage of this device is the use of the hinge point of the connection block, since this is not only technically complex to manufacture, but also does not lead to any harmonious movements , e.g. B. when used in an earth moving machine, is often not the case. The same applies to the projecting articulation point between the upper end of the second control rod and the downward arm of the first link. Another disadvantage lies in the sluggishness of the device, which is due to the fact that the individual links are in thread engagement with the locking bolts forming the pivot axes. In addition, difficulties arise during assembly until the individual elements are correctly adjusted. The relative movements occurring between the screw bolts and the individual elements also result in lateral relative movements as a result of the threaded connection, which in the case of a sensitive control, e.g. B. of hydraulic valves, whose piston slide must be moved particularly precisely, are too imprecise.

The invention is based on the object of providing a pivot lever control device of the type mentioned at the beginning Kind to the effect that the initiated for the actuation of hydraulic control parts Control movements can be transmitted particularly easily and precisely. This should include both a separate and joint actuation of the control parts be possible. In addition, the control device to be created should characterized by a simple, low-maintenance structure.

The object is achieved by the lever control device specified in the main claim

The one intended in particular for the transmission of the control movements derived from the second link Ball joint device provides a technically simple, easy-to-use, low-maintenance and sensitive movement transmission secure. It also requires little space and avoids the transfer of bending or lateral pressure components to the further elen ^ duck, if the second link by a previously made pivoting of the first Gfledes is in the neutral position and the pivot point of the ball joint remains in all control positions of the pivot lever around the first axis unchanged, so that any actuation of the second control part is omitted This additional movement takes place from the first-mentioned control positions pivoting movement of the pivoting lever transferred correctly and sensitively to the second control part. Between the second link and Only a single articulated connection is necessary for the connecting rod parts, but this is capable of is to transfer the movements to be performed properly in all positions. It comes with the State of the art, many articulation points are no longer necessary.

The control device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in a machine such as % B, a backhoe with a horizontally rotatable structure, an articulated boom that can be swiveled in a vertical plane, a tree that can be swiveled on the boom in a vertical plane and one on the tree in a vertical plane pivotably articulated bucket, as well as a swivel control valve, a boom control valve, a tree control valve and a bucket control valve, which are used to control the movement of the body, boom, tree and bucket. Each control valve controls a hydraulic servomotor and comprises a rectilinearly movable valve body which is connected to a control rod and actuated by the latter. The control rods, which are usually arranged parallel to one another, extend to the control stand of the machine, where they are connected to a control device according to the invention with two control devices and thus also two pivot levers. One pivot lever controls the control rods or control elements of the pivot control valve and the spoon control valve, while the other pivot lever actuates the controls or controls of the tree control valve and ces boom control valve second level in the sense of actuating another control rod and the associated control valve and is also movable in any plane inclined to the first and second level, causing simultaneous and proportional operation of the two connected control valves

Advantageous configurations of the lever control device according to the invention are attached to claims 2 to 5 remove.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below explained; it shows

F i g. 1 is a side view of a backhoe with a control device according to the invention;

F i g. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the control unit and the associated control valves of the backhoe according to Cig. 1;

F i g. 3 shows a section according to 3-3 in FIG. 2;
4 shows an enlarged side view of a control device according to 4-4 in FIG. 3;
F i g. 5 is a view according to 5-5 in FIG. 2;
Fig. 6 is a view of a detail according to 6-6 in Fig. 5;

F i g. 7 shows a side view of control valves according to 7-7 in FIG. 2;

F i g. Fig. 8 is a view of the details of Fig. 8-8 in Fig. 2; and

F i g. 9 is a front view according to 9-9 in FIG. 8th.
l · · i g. 1 shows a side view of a backhoe 10, which in the illustrated embodiment is a backhoe backhoe hinged to a pin 14; the boom 13 is pivoted by a hydraulic lifting cylinder 15 for the boom. On the boom 13, a tree 16 is articulated vertically pivotable on a pin 17; the tree 16 is pivoted by a hydraulic digging cylinder 18. On the tree 16, a spoon 19 is articulated vertically pivotable by means of a pin 20, which is of

a hydraulic bucket cylinder 21 is operated. The structure 12 of the backhoe 10 is by means of a hydraulic motor 22 rotatable. The backhoe 10 also includes a cab 25 in which a Control unit 26 is located on which a number of different hand and foot actuation parts are arranged.

F i g. 2 shows a plan view of the control unit 26. The control unit 26 comprises a fixed base plate 27 made of metal, a right hand control 28 for operating the boom 13 and the tree 16, one left hand control 29 for actuating the rotary movement of the structure 12 and the spoon 19, a right one Foot control 30 for operating the right caterpillar of the backhoe and a left foot control 31 for Actuation of the left caterpillar of the backhoe.

The right hand control 28 is provided with a boom control rod 32 and a tree control rod 34 tied together. The boom control rod 32 is assisted by the right hand control 25 and is in turn with it the axially displaceable valve body of a boom control valve 33 is connected. Also the tree control pole 34 is operated by the right hand control 28 and is in turn connected to the axially displaceable valve body a tree control valve 35 is connected.

The left hand control 29 is provided with a pivot control rod 36 and a bucket control rod 38 tied together. The pivot control rod 36 is operated by the left hand control and is axial with the slidable valve body of a pivot control valve 37 connected. The bucket control rod 38 is also actuated by the left hand control 39 and is connected to an axially displaceable valve body of a spoon control valve 39.

The right foot control 30 is with a right one Drive control rod 40 connected, which is connected to an axially displaceable valve body of a right drive control valve 42. The left foot control 31 is connected to a left drive control rod 41, which is connected to an axially displaceable valve body of the left drive control valve 43 The right and left foot controls 30 and 31 respectively actuate the associated drive control rod 40 and 41, respectively. The left foot control 31, its drive control rod 41 and the drive control valve 43 are shown in FIG connected to each other in the following way (Figs. 8 and 9). A bracket 50 is attached to the base plate 27 by means of bolts 51 attached and carries a pin 49 which is fixed to the bracket 50 by means of a fastening element 53 which is in a bore 54 extends in the pin 49 and is fastened to the bracket 50 by means of a screw 55 on the pin 49 a foot pedal 52 is pivotably articulated, and a U-shaped draw hook 56 is with a shoulder on Foot pedal 52 connected by means of a pin 57. The draw hook 56 is attached to one end of the drive control rod 41; the other end of the drive control rod 41 is provided with an axially movable valve body of the drive control valve 43 is connected. The drive control rod 41 has a downward one Approach 58, which is connected to a locking member 60 via an adjustable rod 59, which turns into a lock 61 protrudes to which a ball, not shown and which can be acted upon by an adjustable spring force, belongs Lock 61 prevents displacement of the drive control rod 41 in terms of actuation of the Drive control valve 43 until a predetermined one Force is applied to the foot pedal 52. The right foot control 30, its drive control rod 40 and the like right drive control valve 42 are interconnected in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 2 shows.

As can be seen from Fig.2, the different Control valves combined in blocks and arranged at some distance behind the base plate 27, so that the various control rods are substantially parallel to one another beneath the base plate 27 are arranged. As the F i g. 2, 3 and 4 show the right hand control 28 and the left hand control

to 29 similar in structure and function, although they are mirror images of each other. In order to facilitate the description, the same components of the two hand controls are designated with the same reference number, to which an index R or L is added, depending on whether the component in question is part of the right or left hand control acts.

The bottom plate 27 has holes 70 /? and 70L to accommodate the hand controls 28 and 29 on, The

JtS Hanusicücfürigcii include Dügc! 71 /? ΐΐΐΗι 7! «-, u! C 21 ·

the base plate 27 by means of bolts 72 /? and 72L attached are. The bracket 71 /? and 71L have bushings 73 /? and 73L, which are attached to them by means of bolts 74 /? and 74Z attached. The bearing bushes have a control lever Belwelle 75 rotatable between them. Two levers 76 /? and 76L are located near the ends of the control lever shaft 75 this clamped and rotatable together with this, the lever 76Z. horizontal and the lever 76 /? is oriented vertically on the control lever shaft 75 is

an angle lever 77 is rotatably arranged, which comprises two arms 77 L and 77R, of which the arm 77L is oriented vertically and the arm 77R is oriented horizontally

The bracket 71 /? and 71L carry a first axis forming first pins 78 /? and 78Z, which run parallel to the Control lever shaft 75 run. In each case a first link, designed as a pivot pin 79 /? and 79Z, is pivotable on pins 78 /? and 78L and each has a downwardly extending portion, the via a ball joint 80 /? or 8OL with the boom Control rod 32 or the pivot control rod 36 pivotally connected is the pivot pin 79 /? and 79L carry second pins 81 /? and 81Z that are above and are arranged at right angles to the first pins. Swivel lever 82 /? and 82L can be pivoted on the second pins 81 /? and 81L hinged and wise an attachment each forming a second link 83 /? or 83L, on which a ball joint 84 /? or 84L The pivot points of the ball joints 84 /? and 84L lie on the axes of rotation of the first pins 78 /?

and 78L. The ball joints 84 /? and 84L are about one vertical bar 85 /? or 85L with a ball joint 86 /? or 86L connected. The ball joint 86 /? ut with pivotally connected to the horizontal arm 77A; the ball joint 86L is with the horizontal lever 76L pivotally connected. The vertical lever 76 /? is via a ball joint 88 to the bucket control rod 38 connected.

The pivot lever 82 /? and 82L each have a laterally offset, manually operated handle 89Ä or 89L connected. Flexible rubber sleeves, such as B. the rubber sleeve 90 in F i g. 4, are like that attached to the base plate that they protect the hand controls 28 and 29, respectively. Referring to FIG. 2 are in the following

the assignment of the displacement of handles 89Ä and 89L to the control functions is shown: Right handle 89 / ?:

Forward (to the left in Fig. 2)

Lowering the boom Backward (to the right in Fig. 2)

Lifting the boom To the right (up in Fig. 2)

Faces of the tree To the left (down in Fig. 2)

Tightening the tree (digging) Left handle 89L:

Varwärts (to the left in Fig. 2)

Pivoting the body to the right Backward (to the right in Fig. 2)

Pivoting the body to lin!: 'S To the right (up in Fig. 2)

Spoon in grave position To the left (down in Fig. 2)

Spoon open

Servomotors include a hydraulic motor 22 and hydraulic cylinders, namely a lifting cylinder 15 Digging cylinder 18 and a bucket cylinder 21. Each servomotor is controlled by a multi-position main control valve such as swing control valve 37, the boom control valve 33, the tree control valve 35 and the spoon control valve 39 are controlled. With these valves it is a three-position valve with a forward position, a reverse position and a Neutral position. Each main control valve 37, 33, 35 and 39 comprises a linearly displaceable valve body, which is connected to a control rod 36 or 32 or 34 or 38, which also actuates it. The control rods, which are arranged essentially parallel to one another are, extend to a control unit 26 of the Backhoe, where they are with a right hand control 28 and a left hand control 29 according to the Invention are connected. Each hand control 28 and 29 is designed so that they is connected with two control rods and thus with two control valves and these are either independent shifted or actuated from each other or simultaneously in proportional movements. With the one shown Embodiment operates the left hand control

The forward-backward movements of each handle 89 /? or 89 /. take place in a first plane, the right-left-left directions take place in a second plane, which is perpendicular to the first plane. These independent movements are possible with each hand control 28 and 29 because the pivot point of the ball joint 84 /? or the ball joint 84L on the axis of rotation of the first pin 25 29 the pivot control rod 36 and spoon control rod 78 /? or 78L. If a handle in one of the 38, while the right hand control 28 operates the tree control rod 34 and the boom control rod 32. The hand controls 28 and 29 include a bracket 71 /? or 71 /, which is attached to a base plate 27 30 Each bracket carries a first pin 78 /? or 78L trunnion 79 /? and 79L are pivotable on the first pins 78 /? and 78L are hingedly connected to boom control rod 32 and pivot control rod 36, respectively. The trunnions 79 /? and 35 79L carry two pins 71 /? or 71 /, which are at right angles to the first pins 78 /? or 78 /. are arranged. Manually operated swivel lever 82 /? and 82 /. are pivotably mounted on the second pins 81 R and 81 L and include lugs 83 /? or 83 /,

upper end of the lever arm 93 is pivotable by means of 40 the ball joints 84 /? and 84 /. wear. The approaches of the a pin 97 is connected to a bracket 98, the pivot lever 82 /? and 82 /. are by means of their ball joint by means of a pin 99 with the linear steering 84 /? and 84L and via suitable connection movable valve body of the swivel control valve 37 elements with the control rods 38 and 34 respectively connected is. tied together. The pivot point of these ball joints 84 /?

The fig. 2.5 and 6 show an arrangement by means of which 45 and 84L lie on the pivot axis of the first pins

first and to the second plane inclined plane is shifted, so this generates two corresponding control functions with corresponding proportional components of both movements depending on the degree the inclination towards the first and second level.

As the F i g. 2 and 7 show, the pivot control rod 36 is pivotable with the by means of a bolt 92 lower end of a lever arm 93 connected, which in turn is on a pivot pin 94 in a bracket 95 is pivotally mounted, the bracket 95 being attached to a plate 96. On the plate 96 are the Control valves 43,35,33,39,42 and 37 arranged the

upon actuation of the boom control rod 32 for the boom control valve 33, a further boom rod 100 and its associated boom valve 101 is operated to perform certain control functions 78 /? or 78 /. As a result, it causes movement a pivot lever in a first plane to its associated first pin an axial displacement of the an associated control rod. A movement

cause that in the illustrated embodiment 50 of the same pivot lever in a second plane

game of a backhoe are required 103 /? and 1031 which have a transverse shaft 104 wear. As Fig.2 shows, the boom control is its second pin causes an axial displacement of the other control rod assigned to it, one movement of the pivot lever in any one another, inclined to the first and second planes

rod 32 via a joint 105 with a rod 106 55 extending plane causes an equidistant and

tied together. The rod 106 includes a downward projection 107, which is adjustable by means of an Link 108 is pivotably articulated with an arm 109 on the cross shaft 104 The cross shaft 104 also carries an arm 110 which is connected to the boom rod 100 via a ball joint 111 is

The exemplary embodiment previously described in detail is summarized below proportional displacement of both control rods. In a preferred embodiment it is in connection with the ball joints 84 /? and 84 /. mentioned suitable fasteners essentially around a control lever shaft 75 which is rotatable between the brackets 71 /? and 71 /, the right one Hand control 28 and the left hand control 29 is mounted on the control lever shaft 75 and mounted together with this rotatable lever 76 /? and 76 /,

Shown: A backhoe 10 includes components 65 connecting the pivot lever 82 /, with the bucket control such as a structure 12, a boom 13, a rod 38. One on the control lever shaft 75 rotatable Tree 16 and a spoon 19, which connects the other by means of individual mounted angle levers 77 Servomotors are operated. To the system of swivel levers 82 /? with the tree control rod 34.

308110/58

In addition 7 sheets of drawings

Claims (5)

Claims; 1. Hebelsteijervpriohtung, consisting of at least one from a neutral position actuatable in all directions pivoting lever device for actuating either one or two control panels, in which a first member is pivotable about a first axis on the machine and coupled with a first control to transmit movement, in which further a second member carrying the pivot lever is mounted on the first member so as to be pivotable about a second, at a distance from the first and perpendicularly crossing axis and coupled to the second control part in a movement-transmitting manner, characterized in that the second member (83L, 83R) is connected to the second Control part (35, 39) is connected via a ball joint device, the ball joint pivot point in the neutral position and in all pivot positions of the first link (79 /, 79R) continuously in most of the axis (781, 78R) , the second control (35, 33 ) exclusively by one out of the swivel plane around this first axis (78 /, 78R ) leading pivoting movement of a lever device is adjustable 2. Lever control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball joint device has a joint ball (841, MR) which is fixedly attached to a transmission linkage and which is held in a ball holder which is fixedly attached to the second member (831, 83R) and movable with it, and that ^H as the transmission linkage is connected to the second control part (35,39) 3. Lever control device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the Pivoting lever device coupled with at least one pair of movable control rods (36, 32; 34, 38) each of which is articulated to a control part (37, 33; 35, 39), the first member (79 /, 79a) pivotable with a control rod (36, 32) for the first control part (37, 33) and the transmission linkage is coupled to a control rod (34, 38) for the second control part (35, 39) 4. Lever control device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control rods (36, 32; 34, 38) are movable parallel to one another and that in the transmission linkage an angle lever (77) is provided whose horizontal lever arms (77 / ?, 76L ) on the one hand with a link (85 /, 85 R) to the second link (83 L ₁ 83R) and its vertical lever arms (771, 76R) on the other hand are articulated with a control rod (34, 38). 5. Lever control device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first member (79 /, 79R) is pivotable on a first pin attached to a bracket (71L, 71 / y, which is at a distance from the control rods transversely to This extends that the second link (83 /, 83R) is pivotable about a second pin mounted at a distance from the first pin and transversely to this in the first link, and that the angle lever (77) on the bracket about the axis of the control lever shaft (75 ) is rotatably mounted, which runs transversely to the control rods.