DE2336951A1 - Continuous processing of leather by mainly mechanical means - fleshing, stretching, skiving, grinding by machines of basic design - Google Patents

Abstract

Hides and skins are processed in a continuous operation by being deposited from another conveyor working mechanically or pneumatically, on to two parallel conveyors outside the working zone of the machine, into which the hide is moved horizontally with its overhanging sides towards the floor, to a position beneath two rollers where the centre section of the skin is processed first of all. The skin is then lifted vertically whilst being similarly processed on its outer sections by two cylindrical tools against which they are pressed by felt covered rollers. From its highest position the finished skin may be ejected directly on to a chute or redeposited on the conveyors and transported to a delivery point, the skin ready on the other end of the conveyor being brought in to replace it.

Description

Dipl. Ing. Jiri Dokoupii - Ing, Büro - 6372 Stierstadt, Germany Process and device for the continuous processing of leather

The processing of leather is currently in tanneries on so-called Roller machines are carried out, which process the leather with the help of spiral knives that are mounted on rotating rollers. For the purposes of different operations, these knives have different shapes, inclines and are ground in different ways.

The common feature of these machines is that they have reached a certain level of mechanization, i.e. the actual processing of Leather (e.g. removing meat residues from the meat side) comes about due to the power of an electric motor. However, all the manipulation with your leather, which sometimes has significant weight, is done by the operator of the machine. That means subsequent operations; Throwing the leather into the machine, manipulating the pulling out of the leather from the machine, the force exerted by the operator when turning the leather over to process the second half of the leather, and further manipulation of the leather as it is pulled out of the machine. This manual process is in very bad shape The work environment is physically extremely strenuous and only a very low work performance is achieved.

All attempts to eliminate this physical exertion have so far failed, albeit a large one in the patent literature Number of such solutions are given. Either these designs were too complicated and inefficient, or they weren't respects certain basic conditions, which are essential for good processing of leather, (the complicated geometric shape of the piece of leather, different thicknesses, the occurrence of wrinkles, etc.)

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The new proposed method according to the invention limits the manual manipulation with the piece of leather to a minimum, or gives preconditions for their complete elimination, while maintaining known optimal conditions for good processing of leather, such as E.g. hanging of the leather, removal of the processed leather mass from Glue flesh, shavings, leather dust, etc. «,

The method for processing leather according to the invention (Fig. 1) is characterized above all by the fact that the piece of leather (1) outside the work space (2) via two conveyor belts (3, 4), or chains, etc., the width of which is many times is smaller than the width of the leather, it is turned over in such a way that its two halves or parts hang in the direction of the floor, then the piece of leather with the help of these two conveyor belts (3, 4) by a rapid movement in the direction approximately parallel to the floor in the work area (2 ) is conveyed, where first the middle part of the leather piece is processed and then both halves are processed at the same time with simultaneous movement of the leather piece in a direction vertical to the floor by means of two walzförniiger tools (5, 6). After finishing the processing, the leather is conveyed out of the working space (2), either in its upper position (7), or lowered with rapid movement onto the two conveyor belts (3, 4) and out of the working space (2) onto the point (8 ) _; with the simultaneous transport of another new piece of leather into the work area (2).

The cited method for leather processing, which can of course be applied to various technological work operations, e.g. B. fleshing, unhairing, withering, stretching out, folding, glazing, grinding, etc., has a number of advantages over existing processing methods, in particular it is to prepare the leather for the transport into the working area a utside the actual processing area, which during the time the processing of the previous piece of leather comes about.

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This reduces the downtime to a minimum. When processing heavy pieces of leather, when removing flesh, it is possible to mechanize overhanging over the two conveyor belts, which are in the rest position in this phase, e.g. by means of a vacuum device.

The actual transport of the leather into the work area is carried out in a straight line on one level, by means of a continuous movement of the transport element (e.g. chains).

The actual processing of the leather is carried out on the hanging dermis if all necessary known conditions are met carried out for a full-fledged work process. When editing of the leather and its simultaneous upward movement processed both parts of the leather at the same time. This results in a rapid increase in performance while maintaining normal cutting conditions achieved. At the same time, forces that arise from the cutting resistance are advantageously compensated. Simultaneous editing Both halves of the leather are known in the so-called table machines, where they have fully proven themselves in terms of performance. However, these table machines have not been able to hold up in practice, but for other reasons,

The method according to the invention can be implemented by devices with different construction designs, which are shown in Details may vary according to the application process (such as fleshing out, stretching out, withering, sanding, etc.)

The common symbol of all these devices in the sense of the invention is the transverse transport device (9) (s, Fig. 1), which is formed by two infinite conveyor belts or conveyor strips, Chains etc. (3, 4).

This transport device runs as if through the place of preparation (10), also through the work space (2) or through the space (8), where the leather is removed from the device again.

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This transport device (9) executes a parallel movement with the floor, which means at the same time parallel to the longitudinal axis of the processing tools (5, 6) (in the direction of ^M S "). The distance" A ^{w of} both conveyor belts (belts, chains, etc.) ) is chosen so that there is enough space in the actual working space (2) between the two conveyor belts (3, 4) for a carrier to pass through. This carrier is used to transport the leather (1) to be processed in the direction "Z ⁿ , which means vertical to the longitudinal axis of the tools (5, 6). The transport carrier (11) is expediently constructed, for example in the form of a rubber roller. The Movement of the carrier (11) in the direction ^M Z ⁿ is expediently achieved either by telescopic pistons (12, 13) which are arranged below the plane of the carrier (11). Above the carrier (11) there is a passage for the leather (1 ) necessary.

Or: The movement of the carrier (11) is achieved in that it is automatically mechanically coupled to the roller or rollers (14) which are arranged above the carrier (11) and are drawn in their movement in the direction ^w Z ^M. This happens e.g. B. by means of the chains (15, 16) and the working cylinder (17). The rollers (14) in the majority of applications have a drive and in cooperation with the carrier (11), which exerts a proper pressure, they serve in the first phase of processing to move the leather during the so-called pre-processing of the central part of the Leather.

Another common feature of these devices is the arrangement of two processing tools in the form of rollers, which are arranged outside the work area. These rollers can either be equipped with knives (for the process of deflashing, folding, stretching, etc.), they can be arranged as sanding rollers, or they can have a felt covering for wilting. in the Pressure rolls (18, 19) are then arranged inside the work space, and these are usually in the direction of the work rolls

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set in motion (direction ^M M "). The movement of these rollers in direction ^M M ^{n also} serves as a closing movement of the work space, and the intensity of the processing is controlled by its end position (e.g. by adjustable stops (20)) Pressure rollers (18, 19) can have various shapes, such as, for example, air-filled rollers or hoses, or rollers with a hard rubber coating, or they can also be provided with a soft rubber coating for grinding.

It goes without saying that the work space can be closed by the work rolls (5, 6). This is ζ, Β _β advantageous in the application for the wilting of leather »

A complete arrangement of the device according to the invention and its entire activity can be observed in FIG. The whole skin (1), which is intended to be removed from the flesh, is placed on the place (10 ") either manually or with a transition from an auxiliary conveyor belt (21), or by means of a vacuum device over the transport device This transport device (9-) forms two chains, or narrow conveyor belts (3, 4), these are at a standstill in this phase and the entire preparation of the leather (1) can be carried out very carefully (10 - 15 seconds During this time, the previous leather skin is processed in the working area (2). To increase the adhesion of the wet skin (1) to the transport device (3, 4), the leather (1) is pressed on by means of the pressure device (23) the arrangement of the automatic cycle, the leather (1) is transferred by a rapid movement in direction "S ⁿ in the open work space (2) over the transport carrier (11) and under the rollers (14) e leads. After the end of the movement ^fl S ″, the drive (22) is stopped and the leather (1) is pressed from below (from its grain side) by the transport carrier (11) onto the rotating corrugated rollers (14). The rollers (14) are at this moment blocked against the movement in direction ** Z "by means of the controlled stops (23). At the same time the leather becomes

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pressed in the "M" direction by the pressure rollers (18, 19) into the handle of the cutting meat rollers (5, 6). The central part of the leather is prepared by timing the rotational movement of the corrugating rollers (14). After completing the pre-processing (2-3 seconds), the stop (23) is free and the leather (1 (, together with the transport carrier (11) and the rollers (14) (which now do not rotate), performs the movement in the direction ** Z ⁿ , The movement in direction ⁿ Z "is achieved either by continuing the movement of the telescopic hydraulic rollers (12, 13), or the carrier (11) is mechanically coupled to the rollers (14) during the preparatory work Rollers (14) are ^{pulled in the direction M} Z ⁿ by means of the chains (15, 16) and a hydraulic roller (17).

During the movement ^w Z ^tf , the leather is processed symmetrically by both knife cylinders (5, 6) at the same time. After finishing the processing in direction ⁿ Z ⁿ , the leather is diverted from its height position (7) by means of a rapid rotation of the rollers (14) onto a side slide (24). Or it can be lowered again onto the conveying device (3, 4) with the rollers (14) and conveyed out of the working space (2) at the same time as a new piece of leather is introduced.

The above statements clearly show that with the help of this device the productivity of the work is increased significantly the physical effort of the operator is reduced to a minimum. Because of this new procedure is it possible to have a whole new group of machines with identical ones Manufacture manufacturing parts and control elements, which has significant economic benefits for the manufacturer of these machines, as well the user, can provide.

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Claims (14)

Dipl. Ing.Jiri Dokoupil - Ing.Office - 6372 Stierstadt, Germany. Patent - Claims * 1 * I)) A method for the continuous processing of leather, characterized in that the leather (1) (Fig. 1) outside of the work space (2) beforehand via two transport elements (3, 4) z. B. conveyor belts, - strips, chains, etc. is rolled over, so that its two halves or parts hang in the direction of the floor, then the leather piece (1) with the help of these transport elements (3 _t 4) by a movement (in the direction approximately parallel to Floor) is conveyed into the open work space (2), where first the middle section of the leather piece is processed , 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that after completion During processing, the leather is either conveyed out of the working space (2) into its upper position (7), or lowered with movement onto the two transport elements (3, 4) and guided out of the work space (2) to the point (8) is, with simultaneous transport of another new Le of the pieces (1) in the work area (2). 3) Device for carrying out the method for the continuous processing of leather according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the T rawsportv or direction (9), formed by elongated transport elements (3,4) - e.g. conveyor belts, conveyor chains, conveyor strips, driven rollers, etc. - to prepare the Leather (1) outside of the work space (2), so also for the transport of the leather into the open work space (2) the carrier (11) is used, which carrier (11) 409886/0182 during its movement in the direction vertical to the floor passes between the transport elements (3 _f 4) and the leather transported, while simultaneously processing the two parts by means of two rotary tools (5, 6), 4) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transport device (9), formed z. B. by two elongated Transport elements (3, 4), in their part (10), (which is arranged outside of the work space (2)), for overturning the Leather (1) is used so that both leather halves hang on the floor. 5) Device according to claim 3u, 4, characterized in that the Conveyor carrier (11), formed e.g. by a rubberized roller, in the first phase of processing the processing Leather (1) presses against the roller (14) or between the rollers (14) (which perform a rotational movement) and the leather (1), when processing its middle part, transported, 6) Device according to claim 3 to 5, characterized in that the transport carrier (11), over which the processed leather (1) is suspended, after processing the middle part of the leather (1) executes a movement approximately perpendicular to the floor, wherein this movement is brought about by means of, for example, two telescopic hydraulic pistons, which are located below the level of the carrier (11) are arranged. 7) Device according to claim 3 to 6, characterized in that the transport carrier ("H) is perpendicular to the movement Floor is mechanically coupled to the roller or rollers (14), which in this direction of movement by means of chains, or the like Tension elements, are pulled. 8) Device according to claims 3 to 7, characterized in that in the interior of the working space (2) elongated pressure elements (18, 19) are arranged, which from the inner side of the 409886/0182 _ ₃ _ 5- hung leather to press the leather (1) onto the two roller-shaped ones Processing tools (5, 6) are used, 9) Device according to claim 3 to 8, characterized in that the roller-shaped machining tools (5, 6) the machined Leather (1) on the elongated pressure elements (18,19) directly press on. 10) Device according to claim 3 to 9, characterized in that the roller or several rollers (14) are firmly blocked during the processing of the central part of the leather, for example by means of the mechanical stop (23) , 11) Device according to claim 3 to 10, characterized in that by the rotation of the roller or rollers (14) in the high position (7) the processed leather on the slide arranged on the side (24) is conveyed, the leather (1) being guided over the slide (24) with the aid of an elongated flap (25), 12) Device according to claim 3 to 11, characterized in that A pressure device (23) in the form of either rollers or pressure conveyor belts is arranged above the elongated transport device (9), 13) Device according to claim 3 to 12, characterized in that the pressure device (23) has its own positive drive, 14) Device according to claim 3 to 13, characterized in that the pressure device (23) conveys the leather over a smooth elongated surface (Teflon web, web with air cushion). 409886/0182 Blank page