DE2332293A1 - Concrete block handling machine - has common lifting mechanism for block and support collecting grabs - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine is for handling concrete blocks after hardening, and which is assembles into sets also collecting the block supports. Two grabs, one above the other and movable up and down in relation to each other, grip the blocks and the supports, and the lifting mechanism is common to both. The upper grab collects several supports together, and the lifting mechanism can engage directly with it, while the block grab travels in guides through it. The block grab jaws can have bosses causing sliding movement between blocks and supports as they close, to thrust the latter free, this movement being detected by a feeler controlling the lifting mechanism.

Description

ABITRA Maschinellfabrik GmbH & Co KG 5443 Kaisersesch

Ark machine for moving shaped stones

The invention relates to an ark machine for converting to Tied shaped bricks produced for form documents, grouping into stone packages and collection of the form documents with a gripping device for the stones and the form documents, a lifting mechanism for the gripping device and a chassis.

In the production of concrete, pumice or expanded clay stones, as well as stones made of similar material, supports are usually used in the form of boards, on which the stones are usually formed fully automatically. Spends together with the form documents you then put the stones in a storage area where they harden in the open air. The orderly stacking of the still unbound shaped bricks at the storage area is carried out with the help of crane bridges on which manually controlled trains equipped with grippers hang. However, fully automatic removal devices are already in use, which the form documents with the unbound stones automatically

one

with the help of a portal crane system and an automatically controlled trolley Deposit in orderly rows.

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After hardening, the stones must be moved, i.e. after separation be combined by the form documents to easily transportable stone packages. The form documents must also be collected so that they can can be returned to the molding machine. This repositioning and summarizing the stones after they have set are called arken in the relevant industry.

Since the arken as well as the removal of the unbound stones an extraordinary is arduous work, attempts have been made to use machines that should work as automatically as possible. Especially when using Desired by automatic removal devices, because only then will it be possible to produce such shaped bricks largely automatically lets the cost and quality advantages over production using curing chambers with the supply of heat by steam or Offers hot air.

So far, the stones were suspended by means of a simple crane bridge, manually operated gripper is lifted from the form documents and placed on the floor in the association. Then the form documents are manual stacked on a cart and driven out of the scrim or, if the form documents are too heavy for manual handling, there is a second one Elevator with gripper for conveying and stacking the form documents to disposal.

Another known method uses a vehicle on which the loading crane with a gripper designed for this purpose. The board problem is also unsolved here. The boards are collected here manually. This system also requires 2 men to operate.

There are systems known to implement the hardened shaped bricks, thereby Form packages and transport the form documents on a conveyor system. The machines used for this, however, are stationary and have to be connected to three Conveyor systems for the stones on the form documents, the completed stone packages and the form documents are connected. Such machines

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are therefore only for production systems with high capacity per area? unity was needed because otherwise the required conveyor systems would be too extensive and therefore too expensive. It is also a moving device for Pumice and concrete blocks known, in which a first, equipped with a stone gripper trolley deposits the stones on a free-standing stack and a second trolley equipped with grippers for the form documents collects and stacks the form documents. The two trolleys with the gripper for the stones or the form documents are to be controlled automatically by a switchgear. The known manual procedures are only carried out automatically.

The control of two independent gripping systems on independent trolleys of an overhead crane results in a safe work process should be given even under changing conditions, at an almost unacceptable expense. In addition, the known device the time required for moving is very high, because the stones captured in each case, on the one hand, and the form documents captured on the other hand must be moved separately to their stacking point or assembly point.

Furthermore, the known systems have the major disadvantage for different stone formats, in which different spaces arise on and between the form bases, different Grippers or complex intermediate links, such as intermediate tables with sliding strips and the like, are required. The invention has to The task was to create an ark machine which, with relatively little construction and time expenditure, provides a safe arken, i.e. moving and packaging the stones in the association, as well as collecting the form documents and stacking them, so that stone and form documents with the fork lift truck can be removed.

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The problem of the different stone formats and the associated problem of setting in the bond, as well as the different stone heights and widths, as well as the gaps on and between the form bases a gripper can be released in one work process. The corresponding setting should be made easily and without effort using electrical switches take place.

To solve this problem, the invention is based on an arc machine of the type mentioned at the beginning and provides that the gripping device is two superposed, movable relative to one another in the lifting direction Gripping systems for gripping stones (stone grippers) and form documents (form document grippers) that the lifting mechanism has both Gripping systems is common and that the upper gripping system provided for gripping the form documents for collecting several Form documents is formed.

So there is only one hoist required for both gripping systems and In addition, the gripping systems, which only need to be movable against each other in the lifting direction, are always in the same position, so that no separate control is necessary. Since the form document gripper collects the form documents, the entire device needs not to drive to the assembly point for the form documents for each individual form base.

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The Ark machine according to the invention can be in the form of a Realize the trolley on a bridge crane, which in the usual way on rails or concrete strips over the storage area can be driven. However, there is also the possibility of providing a freely steerable motor vehicle as the chassis.

A further development of the invention is characterized in that that the hoist attaches to the form document gripper and that the stone gripper is guided laterally by the form document gripper is liftable. Then the correct sequence for raising or lowering the stone and form support gripper can easily be carried out be achieved.

By shaping the stones on the form bases, in almost all cases such a strong bond between the Stones and their base that a simple lifting of the stones is not possible. The safe loosening of the stones from the Form documents are made according to a development of the invention in that the stone gripper jaws with stops for the Form bases are equipped in such a way that when the stone gripper is closed, a relative displacement between the stones and their form is enforced. This relative displacement gently loosens the stones, with great forces nonetheless

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can be applied. Due to the relative displacement, however, a Achieve alignment of the form documents so that they can be detected with great precision.

The relative shift is expediently carried out by shifting the form documents. Then according to a development of the invention given the possibility that a sensing device is provided for controlling the lifting device when lowering and that the sensing device is arranged so that it senses the base in that area which before the displacement the form documents was covered by this. The sensing device then feels both when recording and When the stones are set down, the height is the same, namely the surface of the form base from which the stones can be removed are or the surface of the stones on which another layer is to be placed, so that the lifting device is the same in both cases can be controlled.

According to a further development of the invention, the stone gripper jaws can be rotatable by 90 about a horizontal axis. This measure, known per se, enables stone formats of different widths to be packed without changing the gripper

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and at the same time better drying of hollow blocks, the openings of which are freely accessible to the air after being turned are. The stone gripper has at least 2, preferably 3 or 4 pairs of jaws, the distance between which can be changed in a controlled manner is. By increasing the working speed, the stones can then be removed from several mold bases at the same time and each gripper filling then forms a new one Position of the stone packages formed when moving. Adjustment can be made by controlling the distance between the pairs of jaws achieve different gaps between the stones as well as a desired packing scheme for the stone packages formed. In addition, a spreading can be carried out during the transfer, so that the stones captured in each case without mutual obstruction can be rotated by 90.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 schematically shows an arc machine according to the invention with a stack of unbonded shaped bricks on form documents and packages of transferred stones;

Fig. 2 shows a combined gripping device with stone and Foimunterlage gripper for use in the Embodiment of FIG. 1.

B098Q7 / 0011 "r -

In the illustration of the exemplary embodiment, a known one with running wheels on rails or concrete strips over the storage space is provided with a motorized overhead crane system, of which only the rails 21 for a motorized trolley 22 on the bridge are shown schematically. The trolley is equipped in a known manner with a vertical guide 1 for a rotatably arranged pipe (2) which carries the gripping device to be described in more detail. To the Lifting tube 2 engages a lifting mechanism (not shown), for example a cable pull or a hydraulic cylinder.

The tied shaped bricks 20 to be converted on their shaped bases 30 are in the usual arrangement in FIG. 1 shown, which arises during ablation. These are in each case parallel rows of shaped supports 30 with stones The rows run transversely to the direction of travel of the bridge crane system and parallel to the rails 21 of the trolley 22. In the case of Arken, the stones 20 are converted into stone packages, of which three different types of construction 23a, b, e are shown are.

Before explaining the work processes taking place at the Arken, the gripping device should be an essential part of the

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machine are described in more detail. The lifting tube 2 is with the form document gripper 3 rigidly connected. This has two gripping arms which can be spread with a hydraulic cylinder 24 on, which can capture the form documents 30 with Abwinldimgen at the lower end. Above the form document gripper 3 the frame 4 of the stone gripper is mounted on the lifting tube 2 so as to be longitudinally displaceable but non-rotatable. Gripping arms 5 of the stone gripper with stone receiving jaws 6 are horizontally displaceable in guides of the frame 4 and can be moved with the help of a hyflrauiikzylinders Press 25. Instead of the hydraulic cylinder 25 and 25, a mechanical one, from an electric motor powered actuation step.

FIG. 2 shows a view of the gripping device rotated by 90 compared to FIG. The stone gripper contains a total of four pairs of stone receiving jaws 6, which are mounted horizontally on their gripping arms and via a linkage consisting of the struts 11, the bridges 12, the angle levers 13 and the guide rod 14 can be rotated with the aid of the hydraulic cylinder 26.

The distance between the adjacent pairs of stone receiving jaws 6 can be adjusted so that the stones do not interfere with the turning movement by 90 and thus when moving down

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set the desired package size, if necessary, while maintaining the gaps between the stones. .Aside from that In this way, an adjustment can be made to the gaps that arise when removing the form documents. the Distance adjustment of the gripping arms 5 and thus the stone receiving jaws 0 takes place under hydraulic .Steuerung by a control disc 15, cam rollers 16, spreader lever 17, articulated arms 18 and spreading arms 19.

In the illustrated embodiment, the spreading levers 17 are rigidly connected to the inner gripping arms 5, while the outer Gripping arms 5 can be controlled via the articulated arms 18 and spreading arms 19. Depending on the requirements, comparable transmission elements are available each gripper arm controllable.

For moving the stones 20 and collecting the form documents 30 in a field of removed, tied stones, the machine first drives over a stacked row. A switching cam ensures that the bridge crane system stops in exactly the right position. Then the trolley 22 travels with the gripping device raised to the first recording epos ition at the far end of the row. Here, too, a switching

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cams in the area of the running rails 21 for precise stopping. The hoist (not shown) senld; now the gripping device on the lifting tube with closed gripper arms 7 and open stone receiving jaws 6 until a button 9 on the first layer of stones 2 0 touches down. A pulse then given to the control system slows down and stops the Hoist and the quick retraction of the button 9 via a small hydraulic cylinder 27. Then the stone grab is closed, that is, the two stone receiving jaws 6 of each pair rest against the end faces of the stone or stones 20 on earlier Form base 30 and press the stones together. A bracket 8 is attached to each stone receiving jaw 6 of the pair, which during the closing process of the stone gripper lies against the end face of the form supports 30 and these inevitably against the stones moves, whereby on the one hand the stones are solved and on the other hand the form bases 30 on the stones below in a defined position can be pushed. Then the lifting tube 2 lifts the gripping device with the clamped stones, and the Trolley 22 moves beyond the end of the row, where a free strip is provided for forming the stone packets 23. A Switching cam at a certain point on the rails 21 triggers the lowering of the lifting tube 2. When the swiveled in again Button 9 touches the ground, brakes the hoist and the stones

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20 are gently put on. This closes the first layer of the forming stone package completed.

After the gripping device has been lifted, the trolley 22 moves back to the first pick-up position at which the lifting tube 2 again is lowered. Since in the previous work cycle the form documents 30 of the first, meanwhile converted position of Stones 20 on the stones below have been moved by the bracket 8 in the direction of the stones, the If the setting is correct, button 9 does not point to the top form documents but to the next layer of form documents 30, which carry the next layer of stones 20 on. The hoist brakes and the gripping device stops at the correct height in order to be able to grip the next layer of stones 20 with the stone receiving jaws 6. Again, the Form bases 30 lying under this layer of stones are displaced while loosening stones 20. Then lowers the hoist further down. However, this movement can only be followed by the form document gripper 3 because the stone gripper is over the closed jaws 6 is supported on the stones that have not yet been converted. This relative movement between the form document gripper 3 and the stone gripper causes a quick opening of the mechanically or electrically with the assistance of the control

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Form document gripper 3, so that the gripper arms 7 can grip with their bends under the form documents. Then the form document gripper closes and the lifting movement is switched on. As a result, the mold bases are first lifted off the stones until the mold base 3 reaches its stop on the frame 4 of the stone gripper and then lifts the entire gripping device.

After reaching the required lifting height, the trolley 22 moves under the influence of the control to the set-down position to continue the formation of the first stone package. Before lowering as well as afterwards with every second lowering process the gripping device is rotated hydraulically or by motor through 90 about its vertical axis. The resulting Association between the stones 20 holds the packages together. When the lowering is then initiated, the button 9 feels the top of the already set stones 20 from. This is possible because in contrast to the lowering movement when picking up of stones, the stone receiving jaws 6 are now closed and thus a different setting in a simple manner the button 9 can be made. After the stones 20 have been set down, the trolley 22 travels again to the pick-up position, around the next layer of stones 20 and form units 30

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gain weight. Dur form document gripper 3 already has one Location of form documents 30 collected. If the form document gripper 3 If further lowers and the gripper arms 7 open, the already collected Forniujiterlagen lay on the new to be picked up Position of form documents 30 and are then recorded together with these.

In the manner described, all the stone layers of the first pick-up position are successively converted into a package 23 and the form supports 30 are removed and collected in the form support gripper. After settling the last stone layer must dnren Vm niunterlagun be included 30th Pick-up hooks 10 on the stone pick-up jaws (5 of the stone gripper) are used for this purpose. As long as stones are gripped by the stone pick-up jaws C>, these pick-up hooks are pressed out of the functional area against the action of a spring the forin documents that have accumulated in the form-layer gripper 3 are guided and deposited one after the other over the formed stone packet 23. However, there is also the possibility of placing the form documents on a separate stack.

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By clearing the first admission position under education of the first stone package, space has now been gained for the formation of the next stone package. The trolley 22 travels for this purpose to the second take-up position and works on the one described above Way. A certain distance must be maintained between the individual stone packets 23 so that the gripper arms Γ »are sufficient Have space to open when the gripper is turned 90. As in general when removing the untied

Shaped stones 20 is not possible between the number of each desired to form a stone package To leave a certain gap between the form bases with stones, a corresponding space must be created when the outermost stone package is formed Space to be left.

According to the illustration in FIG. 1, stone pacts 23a can be formed in which, by rotating the gripping device around 90 a normal bandage is formed in every second layer. There is also the possibility of the stones 20 in front of every other layer to rotate around a horizontal axis with the help of the rotatable stone holding jaws 6 after the transfer. This is especially useful for hollow block, stones expedient, the openings of which are accessible in this way for drying out and post-hardening. Such a stone package 23b is also shown in FIG. 1. Finally, can under

609807/0011.

Utilization of the possibility of adjusting the spacing between the gripping arms 5, the stones 20 also with gaps to form a stone packet implemented. This shows the stone package 23c in Fig. 1, in which hollow blocks are turned and placed on hatch. The rows of a field of shaped bricks are implemented one after the other in the manner explained. To do this, the Ark machine drives manually controlled from row to row. In the case of automatic control, a continuation pulse is obtained from the information that the last, i.e. the innermost pick-up position has been cleared and the last form documents have been filed.

If the unbonded shaped bricks have been carried on both sides of a conveyor track, an arc machine can also be used double-sided construction can be used, being automatic or manually controlled the transfer of the stones on both sides of the conveyor track is mirror images of each other.

The fully automatic control of the arc machine can be achieved in a manner known per se by a sequence control, which controls the sequence of movements. The control commands are given by switching cams, stops, time delays and pushbutton signals and given limits.

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Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS 1.Arkmaschino for the implementation of molded underlays,
bound forms, grouping into stone packets and
Collecting the form documents, with a gripping device for the
Stones and the form documents, a lifting device for the gripping device and a chassis, characterized, that the gripping device is two superposed, in the lifting direction has gripping systems that can be moved against each other for gripping stones (stone grippers 4, 5, 6 / and form documents (form document gripper 3), that the hoist is common to both gripping systems, and that the upper Gripping system provided for gripping the foil documents (30) is designed to collect a plurality of foil documents. 2. ark machine according to claim 1,
characterized, that dns Hubwi »· ': attaches to form document gripper (3) and that the stone gripper (4, 5, 6) can be lifted laterally guided by the form document gripper is. 3. Ark machine according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized, 509807/0011 that the Sieing gripper jaws (6) with stops (8) for the form documents (30) are equipped in such a way that when the stone gripper is closed there is a relative displacement between the stones (20) and their form base (30) is enforced. 4. Ark machine according to claim 3, characterized in that that the relative displacement takes place by shifting the form supports (30). 5. Ark machine according to claim 4, characterized in that that a sensing device (9) is provided for controlling the lifting device during lowering and that the test device is arranged so that it senses the base in the area which was covered by the mold base (30) before it was moved. 6. Ark machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stone gripper jaws (6) about a horizontal axis are rotatable. 7. Ark machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the stone gripper has at least two, preferably three or four pairs of jaws (6), the distance between which can be changed in a controlled manner. 509807/0011 8. Ark machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an automatic sequence control that controls the movement of the machine. 9. Ark machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the stone gripper with a when gripping stones (20) disabled device (10) for gripping Form documents (30) is equipped. 509807/0011